# Propagation

### Explanation of question 27

In the HF bands, maximum transmitting distance is achieved by

1. ground wave
2. multiple refraction by the D-layer, and multiple reflection by earth
3. a refraction by the F1-layer
4. multiple refraction by the F2-layer, and multiple reflection by earth

The answer is :- 4 It is the F2-layer which aids long-distance communication. A radio wave is refracted by this layer, reflected by the earth, and the process repeated.

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