# Section 8 - Operating Practices & Procedures

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8.2 HF SSB

One of the principle problems when working SSB is that even a small frequency error results in the signal being virtually unintelligible, so accurate tuning is vital. This takes time. On HF there is no specific calling frequency so normally we will tune around the band looking for a call. Assuming we don't find one, we will look for a clear frequency and make our own call.

The call must be long enough for people to accurately tune in to our signal, and will normally be repeated so people who are tuning around the band listening can find you. Remember, before calling we should always ask if the frequency is in use. A call on HF may well go something like this; When calling it is usual to use the phonetic alphabet for callsigns.

"This is Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet, is the frequency in use?"

"CQ, CQ, CQ, CQ. This is Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet calling, Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet calling CQ and standing by.'

If no-one answers we would call again after a short pause. When someone does answer use the "RIT" control (clarifier) to finely tune in the received signal. Do not adjust the main tuning dial or the other station will have to retune also. The other station will also likely use his RIT control for fine tuning during the first few overs.

When replying to a call both callsigns should be given clearly, so that the calling station can check its callsign has been received correctly. An example would be:

"Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet, This is Whiskey Delta Nine Zulu Zulu Zulu"

Once contact is established it is only necessary to give one's callsign at the intervals required by the licensing authority, and it is not necessary to use the phonetic alphabet for call signs until the final transmissions. A normal two-way conversation can thus be enjoyed, without the need for continual identification. If necessary the words "break" or "over" may be added at the end of a transmission to signal a reply from the other station. In good conditions this will not normally be found necessary.

On HF SSB you will often be in contact with people whose first language is not English, therefore we must make sure that we communicate clearly. Generally it is a good idea to avoid talking too quickly and also avoid local/regional slang that may not be understood by someone not from your own area/region. The opening exchanges of any contact will likely include name, location and a signal report. Signal reports are a numeric indication of received signal quality and the RST code is normally used, only the first two digits are applicable to SSB.

"WD9ZZZ, good evening, name here is Norman, location is Peterlee, Peterlee, about 30 kilometres south of the city of Newcastle"

"G0KVJ, hello Norman. My location is Danville, Danville in the state of Illinois. Your signal here is 5 9, 5 9 over."

Many contacts will consist only of an exchange similar to the above, other common details exchanged are "working conditions" (the transmitter and antenna in use), and weather.

It is recommended that both callsigns be given in the final transmission using the phonetic alphabet so that listening stations can check that they have them correct before calling, for example:

This is Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet signing clear with Whiskey Delta Nine Zulu Zulu Zulu and Golf Zero Kilo Victor Juliet is now standing by for a call."

Remember that some stations will be listening, and some will be patiently waiting their turn to work your station, so some indication to listening stations is useful to indicate what is planned next.

The restrictions imposed by the UK licence conditions are particularly relevant in telephony operation. It should be made a golden rule never to discuss politics, religion or any other matter which may offend the person to whom one is talking or anyone who may be listening.

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