


DD(1)                          FSF                          DD(1)


NAME
       dd - convert and copy a file

SYNOPSIS
       dd [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy  a  file,  converting and formatting according to the
       options.

       bs=BYTES
              force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES

       cbs=BYTES
              convert BYTES bytes at a time

       conv=KEYWORDS
              convert the file as per the comma separated keyword
              list

       count=BLOCKS
              copy only BLOCKS input blocks

       ibs=BYTES
              read BYTES bytes at a time

       if=FILE
              read from FILE instead of stdin

       obs=BYTES
              write BYTES bytes at a time

       of=FILE
              write to FILE instead of stdout

       seek=BLOCKS
              skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

       skip=BLOCKS
              skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       BLOCKS  and  BYTES may be followed by the following multi-
       plicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2,  b  512,  kD  1000,  k
       1024,  MD  1,000,000,  M  1,048,576,  GD  1,000,000,000, G
       1,073,741,824, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.  Each  KEYWORD
       may be:

       ascii  from EBCDIC to ASCII




dd (fileutils) 4.1          April 2002                          1





DD(1)                          FSF                          DD(1)


       ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC

       ibm    from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC

       block  pad  newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-
              size

       unblock
              replace trailing spaces in  cbs-size  records  with
              newline

       lcase  change upper case to lower case

       notrunc
              do not truncate the output file

       ucase  change lower case to upper case

       swab   swap every pair of input bytes

       noerror
              continue after read errors

       sync   pad  every  input block with NULs to ibs-size; when
              used

              with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather  than
              NULs

AUTHOR
       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This  is  free software; see the source for copying condi-
       tions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY
       or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       The  full  documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo
       manual.   If  the  info  and  dd  programs  are   properly
       installed at your site, the command

              info dd

       should give you access to the complete manual.








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