


gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


NAME
       gpl - GNU General Public License

DESCRIPTION
       GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE


       Version 2, June 1991

               Copyright (c) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
               59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

               Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
               of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.


       Preamble

         The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
       freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
       License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
       software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
       General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
       Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
       using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
       the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
       your programs, too.

         When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
       price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
       have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
       this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
       if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
       in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

         To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
       anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
       These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
       distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

         For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
       gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
       you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
       source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
       rights.

         We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
       (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
       distribute and/or modify the software.








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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


         Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
       that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
       software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
       want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
       that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
       authors' reputations.

         Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
       patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
       program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
       program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
       patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

         The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
       modification follow.


       TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND
       MODIFICATION


       0.  This License applies to any program or other work
           which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
           saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
           General Public License.  The ``Program'', below,
           refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
           on the Program'' means either the Program or any
           derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a
           work containing the Program or a portion of it, either
           verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into
           another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is
           included without limitation in the term
           ``modification''.)  Each licensee is addressed as
           ``you''.

           Activities other than copying, distribution and
           modification are not covered by this License; they are
           outside its scope.  The act of running the Program is
           not restricted, and the output from the Program is
           covered only if its contents constitute a work based
           on the Program (independent of having been made by
           running the Program).  Whether that is true depends on
           what the Program does.

       1.  You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
           Program's source code as you receive it, in any
           medium, provided that you conspicuously and
           appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
           copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
           intact all the notices that refer to this License and
           to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
           recipients of the Program a copy of this License along
           with the Program.




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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


           You may charge a fee for the physical act of
           transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer
           warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

       2.  You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
           any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
           Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
           work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
           you also meet all of these conditions:

           a.  You must cause the modified files to carry
               prominent notices stating that you changed the
               files and the date of any change.

           b.  You must cause any work that you distribute or
               publish, that in whole or in part contains or is
               derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
               be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
               parties under the terms of this License.

           c.  If the modified program normally reads commands
               interactively when run, you must cause it, when
               started running for such interactive use in the
               most ordinary way, to print or display an
               announcement including an appropriate copyright
               notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
               else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that
               users may redistribute the program under these
               conditions, and telling the user how to view a
               copy of this License.  (Exception: if the Program
               itself is interactive but does not normally print
               such an announcement, your work based on the
               Program is not required to print an announcement.)

           These requirements apply to the modified work as a
           whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not
           derived from the Program, and can be reasonably
           considered independent and separate works in
           themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
           apply to those sections when you distribute them as
           separate works.  But when you distribute the same
           sections as part of a whole which is a work based on
           the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
           the terms of this License, whose permissions for other
           licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
           and every part regardless of who wrote it.

           Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim
           rights or contest your rights to work written entirely
           by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
           control the distribution of derivative or collective
           works based on the Program.

           In addition, mere aggregation of another work not



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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


           based on the Program with the Program (or with a work
           based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or
           distribution medium does not bring the other work
           under the scope of this License.

       3.  You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
           based on it, under Section 2) in object code or
           executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
           above provided that you also do one of the following:

           a.  Accompany it with the complete corresponding
               machine-readable source code, which must be
               distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
               above on a medium customarily used for software
               interchange; or,

           b.  Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
               least three years, to give any third party, for a
               charge no more than your cost of physically
               performing source distribution, a complete
               machine-readable copy of the corresponding source
               code, to be distributed under the terms of
               Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily
               used for software interchange; or,

           c.  Accompany it with the information you received as
               to the offer to distribute corresponding source
               code.  (This alternative is allowed only for
               noncommercial distribution and only if you
               received the program in object code or executable
               form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection
               b above.)

           The source code for a work means the preferred form of
           the work for making modifications to it.  For an
           executable work, complete source code means all the
           source code for all modules it contains, plus any
           associated interface definition files, plus the
           scripts used to control compilation and installation
           of the executable.  However, as a special exception,
           the source code distributed need not include anything
           that is normally distributed (in either source or
           binary form) with the major components (compiler,
           kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which
           the executable runs, unless that component itself
           accompanies the executable.

           If distribution of executable or object code is made
           by offering access to copy from a designated place,
           then offering equivalent access to copy the source
           code from the same place counts as distribution of the
           source code, even though third parties are not
           compelled to copy the source along with the object
           code.



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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


       4.  You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
           the Program except as expressly provided under this
           License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
           sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
           automatically terminate your rights under this
           License.  However, parties who have received copies,
           or rights, from you under this License will not have
           their licenses terminated so long as such parties
           remain in full compliance.

       5.  You are not required to accept this License, since you
           have not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you
           permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
           derivative works.  These actions are prohibited by law
           if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
           modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
           based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of
           this License to do so, and all its terms and
           conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
           Program or works based on it.

       6.  Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work
           based on the Program), the recipient automatically
           receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
           distribute or modify the Program subject to these
           terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
           restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
           granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing
           compliance by third parties to this License.

       7.  If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation
           of patent infringement or for any other reason (not
           limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on
           you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
           that contradict the conditions of this License, they
           do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.
           If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy
           simultaneously your obligations under this License and
           any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence
           you may not distribute the Program at all.  For
           example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-
           free redistribution of the Program by all those who
           receive copies directly or indirectly through you,
           then the only way you could satisfy both it and this
           License would be to refrain entirely from distribution
           of the Program.

           If any portion of this section is held invalid or
           unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
           balance of the section is intended to apply and the
           section as a whole is intended to apply in other
           circumstances.

           It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to



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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


           infringe any patents or other property right claims or
           to contest validity of any such claims; this section
           has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of
           the free software distribution system, which is
           implemented by public license practices.  Many people
           have made generous contributions to the wide range of
           software distributed through that system in reliance
           on consistent application of that system; it is up to
           the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to
           distribute software through any other system and a
           licensee cannot impose that choice.

           This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what
           is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this
           License.

       8.  If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
           restricted in certain countries either by patents or
           by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright
           holder who places the Program under this License may
           add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
           excluding those countries, so that distribution is
           permitted only in or among countries not thus
           excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the
           limitation as if written in the body of this License.

       9.  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
           and/or new versions of the General Public License from
           time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in
           spirit to the present version, but may differ in
           detail to address new problems or concerns.

           Each version is given a distinguishing version number.
           If the Program specifies a version number of this
           License which applies to it and ``any later version'',
           you have the option of following the terms and
           conditions either of that version or of any later
           version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If
           the Program does not specify a version number of this
           License, you may choose any version ever published by
           the Free Software Foundation.

       10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into
           other free programs whose distribution conditions are
           different, write to the author to ask for permission.
           For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
           Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
           sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will
           be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
           status of all derivatives of our free software and of
           promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.






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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


       NO WARRANTY


       11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE
           IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT
           PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
           STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
           PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY
           OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING,
           BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
           MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
           THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF
           THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
           DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
           SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

       12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
           AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY
           OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE
           PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
           DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
           CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
           INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
           LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
           INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES
           OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
           PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
           ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

       END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS


       How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

         If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
       possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
       free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

         To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
       to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
       convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
       the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

               <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
               Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

               This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
               it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
               the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
               (at your option) any later version.







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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


               This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
               but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
               MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
               GNU General Public License for more details.

               You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
               along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
               Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

       Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
       and paper mail.

       If the program is interactive, make it output a short
       notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

               Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
               Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
               type `show w'.
               This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
               under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

       The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show
       the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of
       course, the commands you use may be called something other
       than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or
       menu items---whatever suits your program.

       You should also get your employer (if you work as a
       programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a ``copyright
       disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary.  Here is a
       sample; alter the names:

               Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
               `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

               <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
               Ty Coon, President of Vice

       This General Public License does not permit incorporating
       your program into proprietary programs.  If your program
       is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful
       to permit linking proprietary applications with the
       library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU
       Library General Public License instead of this License.

SEE ALSO
       gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7).

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

       Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
       copies of this license document, but changing it is not



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gpl(7)                         GNU                         gpl(7)


       allowed.
























































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