


LS(1)                          FSF                          LS(1)


NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by
       default).  Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX
       nor --sort.

       -a, --all
              do not hide entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
              do not list implied . and ..

       -b, --escape
              print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
              use SIZE-byte blocks

       -B, --ignore-backups
              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with  -lt:  sort  by, and show, ctime (time of last
              modification of file status information)  with  -l:
              show  ctime  and  sort  by  name otherwise: sort by
              ctime

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
              control whether color is used to  distinguish  file
              types.  WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'

       -d, --directory
              list directory entries instead of contents

       -D, --dired
              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

       -F, --classify
              append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

       --format=WORD
              across  -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, sin-
              gle-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
              list both full date and full time



ls (fileutils) 4.1          April 2002                          1





LS(1)                          FSF                          LS(1)


       -g     (ignored)

       -G, --no-group
              inhibit display of group information

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M
              2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H     same  as  `--si' for now; soon to change to conform
              to POSIX

       --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to
              entry names:
              none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

       -i, --inode
              print index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kilobytes
              like --block-size=1024

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
              list entries pointed to by symbolic links

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names

       -N, --literal
              print raw entry names  (don't  treat  e.g.  control
              characters specially)

       -o     use long listing format without group info

       -p, --file-type
              append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
              show  non  graphic characters as-is (default unless
              program is `ls' and output is a terminal)





ls (fileutils) 4.1          April 2002                          2





LS(1)                          FSF                          LS(1)


       -Q, --quote-name
              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
              use quoting style WORD for  entry  names:  literal,
              locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
              print size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
              extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

              status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

       --time=WORD
              show time as WORD  instead  of  modification  time:
              atime,  access, use, ctime or status; use specified
              time as sort key if --sort=time

       -t     sort by modification time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time  with  -l:
              show  access  time and sort by name otherwise: sort
              by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     sort by version

       -w, --width=COLS
              assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit



ls (fileutils) 4.1          April 2002                          3





LS(1)                          FSF                          LS(1)


       By default, color is not  used  to  distinguish  types  of
       files.   That  is equivalent to using --color=none.  Using
       the --color option without the optional WHEN  argument  is
       equivalent  to  using  --color=always.  With --color=auto,
       color codes are output only if  standard  output  is  con-
       nected to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This  is  free software; see the source for copying condi-
       tions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY
       or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       The  full  documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo
       manual.   If  the  info  and  ls  programs  are   properly
       installed at your site, the command

              info ls

       should give you access to the complete manual.






























ls (fileutils) 4.1          April 2002                          4


