'units definition file.  George W. Hart.  Sept 1994.  File: DIMCALC1.DEF
'fundamental units given according to MKS system
'sources: T. Wildi,  Units and Conversion Charts, IEEE press, 1991
'         R.C. Dorf, Electrical Engineering Handbook, IEEE press, 1993.
'         D.R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 1993.

yotta    #   1e24       'SI prefixes:
zetta    #   1e21
exa      #   1e18
peta     #   1e15
tera     #   1e12
giga     #   1e9
mega     #   1e6
myria    #   1e4  'non-SI prefix, used e.g., in "myriameter waves"
kilo     #   1e3
hecto    #   1e2
deca     #   1e1
deci     #   1e-1
centi    #   1e-2
milli    #   1e-3
micro    #   1e-6
nano     #   1e-9
pico     #   1e-12
femto    #   1e-15
atto     #   1e-18
zepto    #   1e-21
yocto    #   1e-24

dimensionless:
  unit      = 1
  item      = 1
  e         = 2.7182818284590452353602874
  pi        = 3.1415926535897932384626433
  cycle     = 2 pi
  radian    = 1
  degree    = cycle / 360  'angles are dimensionless
  right_angle = cycle / 4
  angular_minute = degree / 60
  angular_second = angular_minute / 60
  grad      = cycle / 400    'angle
  steradian = radian^2    'angles are dimensionless
  dozen     = 12
  gross     = 144
  half      = 0.5
  quarter   = 0.25
  third     = 1/3
  percent   = 1/100
  one       = 1
  two       = 2

length:
  meter    !             'fundamental unit of length
  metre    = meter
  m        = meter                      
  cm       = centimeter
  mm       = millimeter
  km       = kilometer
  micron   = micrometer
  angstrom = 1e-10 meter
  fermi    = femtometer
  inch     = 2.54 cm
  in       = inch
  caliber  = inch /100
  mil      = inch /1000
  point    = 0.0138370 inch 'printers
  pica     = 12 point
  hand     = 4 inches
  span     = 9 inches
  link     = 7.92 inches  'surveyor or gunter
  foot     = 12 inches
  feet     = foot
  ft       = foot
  cubit    = 18 inches
  vara     = (100/3) inches
  ell      = 45 inches
  yard     = 3 feet
  pace     = 5 feet
  fathom   = 6 feet
  rod      = 5.5 yards
  pole     = rod
  perch    = rod
  rope     = 20 feet
  chain    = 4 rods
  engineer_chain = chain / 0.66
  skein    = 360 feet
  furlong  = 40 rods
  mile     = 5280 feet  'statute
  nautical_mile = 1.852 km
  league   = 3 miles
  nautical_league = 3 nautical_miles
  lightyear= 9.46 petameters
  parsec   = 30.84 petameters
  au       = 0.149598 terameters
  french_foot = 1.06575 feet
  french_feet = french_foot
  perchie  = 18 french_feet
  arpent   = 10 perches
  
time:
  second   !           'fundamental unit of time
  sec      = second
  s        = second 
  minute   = 60 seconds  'of time, not angle
  hour     = 60 minutes
  day      = 24 hours
  week     = 7 days
  fortnight= 2 weeks
  year     = 365.25 days 'mean calendar year
  month    = year / 12  'you may prefer another defn.
  decade   = 10 years
  century  = 100 years
  millenium= 1000 years

mass:
  kg        !          'fundamental unit of mass
  gram      = kg / 1000
  tonne     = 1000 kg  'metric ton
  mg        = milligram
  amu       = (1 attogram / 5.01845e4) / 12  'from C12
' amu       = 1.6605402e-27 kg      ' from EE handbook
  point_mass= 2 mg
  carat     = 200 mg
  grain     = 64.79891 mg
  scruple   = 20 grains
  pennyweight = 1.2 scruples
  dram_troy = 2.5 pennyweight
  ounce_troy= 8 dram_troy
  pound_troy= 12 ounce_troy
  pound_mass = 0.45359237 kg  'avoirdupois
  ounce_mass = pound_mass/16  'avoirdupois
  dram_mass  = ounce_mass / 16
  stone      = 14 pound_mass
  hundredweight = 100 pound_mass
  cental     = hundredweight
  ton        = 2000 pound_mass
  hundredweight_long = 1.12 hundredweight
  long_ton   = 1.12 ton

acceleration:
  free_fall = 9.80665 m/s^2

current:
  ampere   !     'fundamental unit of current (also MMF)
  amp      = ampere

temperature:
  kelvin   !           'fundamental unit of temperature
  celsius  = kelvin    'differences
  centigrade=celsius   'differences
  rankine=(5/9) kelvin   'differences
  fahrenheit=rankine   'differences
  K     = kelvin
  C     = celsius      'differences
  F     = fahrenheit   'differences

luminosity: 
  candela  !           'fundamental unit of luminous intensity
  cd       = candela
  lumen    = candela steradian

substance:
  mole     !     ' # atoms in 12 grams of C12


information:
  bit       !          'fundamental unit of information
  nibble   = 4 bits
  byte     = 8 bits
  kb       = kilobyte
  mb       = megabyte
  nat      = e bytes

information_rate:
  baud     = bit/second

frequency_angular_velocity:
  hertz     = 1 / second
  hz        = hertz
  cps       = cycle / second
  becquerel = 1 /second
  curie     = 3.7e10 becquerel

force:
  newton    = m kg / s^2
  dyne      = 10 micronewton
  gram_force= gram free_fall
  pond      = gram_force
  poundal   = 14.0981 gram_force
  pound_force=pound_mass free_fall 'avoirdupois
  ounce_force=pound_force / 16
  kip       = 1000 pound_force
  ton_force = 2000 pound_force

mass:
  slug      = 1 pound_force / (1 foot/second^2) 'so numerically same

pressure:
  pascal    = newton/meter^2
  bar       = 1e5 pascal
  atmosphere= 101.325 kilopascals
  inch_of_water = (1 / 4.01860) kilopascal
  foot_of_water = 12 inch_of_water
  inch_of_mercury  = 1.13085 foot_of_water
  meter_of_mercury = (1000 / 1.86648) inch_of_water
  torr      = millimeter_of_mercury

heat_work_energy_torque:
  joule     = newton meter
  watthour  = joule hour /second
  erg       = 100 nanojoules  
  electron_volt = 1.60217733e-19 joules  
  calorie   = 4.184 joule  'thermochemical unit
  cal       = calorie
  btu       = 1.05435 kilojoule
  chu       = 1.8 btu
  therm     = 1e5 btu
  quad      = 1e15 btu
  frigorie  = kilocalorie
  ton_of_tnt = 4.184 gigajoule  
  calorie_diatetic = 4.1855 kilojoule

power:
  watt      = joule / second
  horsepower= 550 foot pound_force / second 
  cheval_vapeur = 75 meter Kilogram_force / second

charge:
  coulomb   = ampere second
  abcoulomb = 10 coulomb
  statcoulomb = nanocoulomb / 2.99792458
  franklin  = statcoulomb
  faraday   = 96.485309 kilocoulomb

voltage:
  volt      = joule / coulomb
  statvolt  = 299.792458 volt
  abvolt    = microvolt / 100

current:
  statampere = nanoampere / 2.99792458

resistance:
  ohm       = volt / ampere
  megohm    = megaohm
  microhm   = microohm
  nanohm    = nanoohm
  abohm     = nanohm
  statohm   = 898.7551787368 gigaohm

conductance:
  siemen    = 1/ohm
  mho       = siemens
  abmho     = gigasiemens
  statmho   = 1 / statohm 

capacitance:
  farad     = coulomb / volt
  abfarad   = 1e9 farad
  statfarad = picofarad / .8987551787368

magnetic_flux_density:
  tesla     = volt second meter^-2
  gauss     = millitesla /10
  gamma     = nanotesla

magnetic_flux:
  weber     = volt second
  maxwell   = microweber /100
  line_of_force = maxwell

magnetic_field_strength:
  oersted   = (1000/4 pi) amps /meter

current:
  gilbert   = oersted centimeter  'magnetomotive force = current

inductance:
  henry     = ohm second
  stathenry = 8.987551787368e11 henry
  abhenry   = nanohenry

mass_resistivity:   = ohm kg / m^2
volume_resistivity: = ohm meter
electric_field:     = volt / meter

exposure:
  roentgen  = 258 microcoulomb / kilogram 'radiological exposure

absorbed_radiological_dose:
  = joule / kilogram
  gray = joule / kilogram
  rad  = gray / 100

illuminance:
  lux       = candela / meter^2
  foot_candle = lumen /foot^2
  phot      = lumen / cm^2
  nit       = lumen / steradian meter^2
  lambert   = 3.1831 kilocandela / meter^2
  stilb     = candela/cm^2
  blondel   = candela/pi meter^2

area:
            = meters^2   'default mks
  barn      = 1e-28 meter^2
  acre      = 43560 foot^2
  section   = mile^2
  township  = 36 mile^2
  are       = 100 meter^2
  hectare   = hectoare
  rood      = 2.5 chain^2
  circular_mil = pi (mil/2)^2

volume:                          'SI and metric units
            = meters^3
  cc        = centimeter^3
  liter     = 1000 cc
  litre     = liter
  ml        = milliliter
  lambda    = mm^3
  stere     = meter^3

volume:                          'U.S. liquid
  gallon_US_liq = 231 inches^3
  barrel_oil_US = 42 gallon_US_liq   'other kinds of barrels exist...
  hogshead      = 1.5 barrel_oil_US
  quart_US_liq  = quarter gallon_US_liq
  fifth         = (4/5) quart_US_liq
  pint_US_liq   = half quart_US_liq
  cup_US        = half pint_US_liq
  gill_US       = half cup_US
  fluid_ounce_US= cup_US / 8
  ounce_US_liq  = cup_US / 8
  tablespoon_US = ounce_US_liq / 2
  teaspoon_US   = tablespoon_US / 3
  dram_US_liq   = ounce_US_liq / 8
  minim_US      = dram_US_liq / 60

volume:                          'U.S. dry 
  cord      = 128 foot^3
  petrograd_standard = 165 foot^3
  board_foot= foot^3 / 12
  bushel_US = 1.24446 feet^3     '(is there an EXACT conv?)
  peck_US   = bushel_US / 4
  gallon_US_dry = half peck_US
  quart_US_dry  = quarter gallon_US_dry
  pint_US_dry   = half quart_US_dry

volume:                          'U.K. & Canadian, liquid = dry
  gallon_UK = 4.54609 liter
  quart_UK  = quarter gallon_UK
  pint_UK   = half quart_UK
  cup_UK    = (2/5) pint_UK      'surprising to US drinkers !
  gill_UK   = (5/8) cup_UK
  fluid_ounce_UK = cup_UK / 8
  ounce_UK_liq   = cup_UK / 8
  tablespoon_UK  = ounce_UK_liq / 2
  teaspoon_UK    = tablespoon_UK / 3
  dram_UK_liq    = ounce_UK_liq / 8
  minim_UK       = dram_UK_liq / 60
  peck_UK   = 2 gallon_UK
  bushel_UK = 4 peck_UK  

inverse_length: 
            = meters^-1
  diopter   = meter^-1

flow:
            = m^3/s
  cfm       = foot^3 per minute
  cfs       = foot^3 per second

velocity:
  =m/s     'mks default
  mph       = mile per hour
  knot      = nautical_mile per hour
  
acceleration:
  gal       = cm / s^2
            = m/s^2      'mks default

dynamic_viscosity:
            = pascal second
  poise     = pascal second / 10
  poiseuille= pascal second

kinematic_viscosity:
            = meter^2 / second
  stoke     = 1e-4 meter^2 / second

any:              'physical constants
  speed_of_light=299792458 m/s   'from EE handbook
  electron_charge=1.60217733e-19 coulomb ' from EE handbook
  electron_mass=9.1093897e-31 kg ' from EE handbook
  avogadro=6.0221367e23/mole     ' from EE handbook
  boltzman=1.380658e-23 joule/k  ' from EE handbook
  rydberg=10973731 /m
  planck=6.6260755e-34 joule second   'from EE handbook
gas_constant:
  gas_constant=8.314510 pascal meter^3 kelvin^-1 mole^-1

         'lines just to define types and defaults:
jerk:                     = m/s^3
second_moment_of_area:    = meters^4
mass_flow:                = kg / second
concentration:            = mole / m^3
molality:                 = mole / kg
density:                  = kg / m^3
moment_of_inertia:        = kilogram meters^2
thermal_conductivity:     = watts / meter kelvin         
momentum:                 = kilogram meters / second
angular_momentum:         = kilogram meters^2 / second
specific_volume:          = meters^3 / kg
angular_momentum:         = joule seconds
surface_tension:          = newtons / meter
fluidity:                 = meter seconds / kilogram
permittivity:             = farads / meter
electric_dipole_moment:   = coulomb meters
conductivity:             = siemens / meter
magnetic_vector_potential:= webers / meter
