                          I. Lupus et Agnus

  Meter: All the poems in this collection are in iambic trimeter.

  2 - compulsi: plural because it agrees with both 'lupus' and 'agnus'.
       Superior: i.e. upstream.
  5 - turbulentam: predicative.
  6 - Laniger contra timens: a verb of saying must be understood.
  7 - Qui: interrogative adv.; "how?"
 10 - Ante hos sex menses -  i.e., "six months ago".
       male..dixisti: "you insulted".
 13 - correptum: sc. agnum
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                                I. Lupus et Agnus 

             Ad rivum eundem lupus et agnus venerant,
          siti compulsi. Superior stabat lupus,
          longeque inferior agnus. Tunc fauce improba
          latro incitatus iurgii causam intulit;
5        'Cur' inquit 'turbulentam fecisti mihi
          aquam bibenti?' Laniger contra timens
          'Qui possum, quaeso, facere quod quereris, lupe?
          A te decurrit ad meos haustus liquor'.
          Repulsus ille veritatis viribus
10      'Ante hos sex menses male' ait 'dixisti mihi'.
          Respondit agnus 'Equidem natus non eram'.
          'Pater hercle tuus' ille inquit 'male dixit mihi';
          atque ita correptum lacerat iniusta nece.
             Haec propter illos scripta est homines fabula
15      qui fictis causis innocentes opprimunt.
  
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                      II. Ranae Regem Petunt

  4 - conspiratis: translate as active.
  7 - crudelis, grave: predicate adjectives; a form of 'sum' must be 
                             understood in both clauses.
  8 - insuetis: masc. pple. used as subst.; "to those unaccustomed to it".
 10 - paludibus: ablative of place where without preposition, as often in 
                       poetry.
 11 - petiere: = petierunt.
 12 - compesceret: subjunctive in a relative clause of purpose.
 14 - missum quod: "which when it was sent".
 16 - limo: ablative of place where without preposition.
 17 - una: sc. rana
 20 - lignumque supra: preposition follows its object.
 21 - quod: Latin often introduces a sentence with a relative pronoun
                whose antecedent is in the previous sentence; it's best to
                 translate these as demonstratives; "this (log)".
        inquinassent: = inquinavissent.
 22 - "they sent (a messenger) asking for another king"; (OLD, mitto, 16)  
        rogantes: nom. pl. fem.
        misere: = miserunt.
 28 - adflictis: sc. ranis
 30 - perferte: 2nd pl. present imperative active.
 31 - malum: both object of 'sustinete' and subject of  'veniat'.
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                   II.  Ranae Regem Petunt

            Athenae cum florerent aequis legibus,
          procax libertas civitatem miscuit,
          frenumque solvit pristinum licentia.
          Hic conspiratis factionum partibus
5        arcem tyrannus occupat Pisistratus.
          Cum tristem servitutem flerent Attici,
          non quia crudelis ille, sed quoniam grave
          omne insuetis onus, et coepissent queri,
          Aesopus talem tum fabellam rettulit.
10      'Ranae, vagantes liberis paludibus,
          clamore magno regem petiere ab Iove,
          qui dissolutos mores vi compesceret.
          Pater deorum risit atque illis dedit
          parvum tigillum, missum quod subito vadi
15      motu sonoque terruit pavidum genus.
          Hoc mersum limo cum iaceret diutius,
          forte una tacite profert e stagno caput,
          et explorato rege cunctas evocat.
          Illae timore posito certatim adnatant,
20      lignumque supra turba petulans insilit.
          Quod cum inquinassent omni contumelia,
          alium rogantes regem misere ad Iovem,
          inutilis quoniam esset qui fuerat datus.
          Tum misit illis hydrum, qui dente aspero
25      corripere coepit singulas. Frustra necem
          fugitant inertes; vocem praecludit metus.
          Furtim igitur dant Mercurio mandata ad Iovem,
          adflictis ut succurrat. Tunc contra Tonans
          "Quia noluistis vestrum ferre" inquit "bonum,
30      malum perferte". 'Vos quoque, o cives,' ait
          'hoc sustinete, maius ne veniat, malum'.
  
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              III. Graculus Superbus et Pavo

  5 - pavoni: dative of separation; "from a peacock'.
  7 - ut: temporal; "when"; here follows its verb.
       gregi: verbs compounded in in- ('immisceo') often take a dative of
                the indirect object.
  9 - illi: nom. pl. masc.
       avi: dative of separation; "from the bird".
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              III. Graculus Superbus et Pavo 

            Ne gloriari libeat alienis bonis,
          suoque potius habitu vitam degere,
          Aesopus nobis hoc exemplum prodidit.
            Tumens inani graculus superbia
5        pinnas, pavoni quae deciderant, sustulit,
          seque exornavit. Deinde, contemnens suos
          immiscet se ut pavonum formoso gregi,
          illi impudenti pinnas eripiunt avi,
10      fugantque rostris. Male mulcatus graculus
          redire maerens coepit ad proprium genus,
          a quo repulsus tristem sustinuit notam.
          Tum quidam ex illis quos prius despexerat
          'Contentus nostris si fuisses sedibus
15      et quod Natura dederat voluisses pati,
          nec illam expertus esses contumeliam
          nec hanc repulsam tua sentiret calamitas'.

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                IV. Canis per Fluvium Carnem Ferens
  
  1 - proprium, alienum: neuter adjectives used as substantives.
  5 - decepta aviditas: quality used in place of the individual possessing
                                 that quality; we would expect the subject to be
                                 'canis deceptus aviditate'; cf. V.11.
  6 - et: correlative with 'nec' in following line. 
  7 - nec...adeo potuit:"and much less could it".
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           IV. Canis per Fluvium Carnem Ferens

          Amittit merito proprium qui alienum adpetit.
            Canis, per fluvium carnem cum ferret, natans
          lympharum in speculo vidit simulacrum suum,
          aliamque praedam ab altero ferri putans
5        eripere voluit; verum decepta aviditas
          et quem tenebat ore dimisit cibum,
          nec quem petebat adeo potuit tangere.

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           V. Canis et Capella, Ovis et Leo

  3 - iniuriae: objective genitive after 'patiens'.
  4 - fuere: = fuerunt.
  5 - vasti corporis: genitive of characteristic.
  7 - primam: sc. partem
       nomine hoc: "for this reason".
 10 - malo adficietur: "he will suffer harm".
       quis: an indefinite pronoun when used after 'si'; "anyone".
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                V. Canis et Capella, Ovis et Leo 

            Numquam est fidelis cum potente societas.
          Testatur haec fabella propositum meum.
            Vacca et capella et patiens ovis iniuriae
          socii fuere cum leone in saltibus.
5        Hi cum cepissent cervum vasti corporis,
          sic est locutus partibus factis leo:
          'Ego primam tollo nomine hoc quia rex cluo;
          secundam, quia sum consors, tribuetis mihi;
          tum, quia plus valeo, me sequetur tertia;
10      malo adficietur si quis quartam tetigerit'.
          Sic totam praedam sola improbitas abstulit.

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            VI. Ranae ad Solem

  3 - Uxorem..ducere: "to take a wife, get married".
  4 - sustulere: = sustulerunt.
  7 - unus: sc. Sol
       lac~us: accusative plural.
  8 - miseras: sc. nos
  9 - futurum est: = erit: "will happen".
       crearit: = creaverit; future perfect.
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                      VI. Ranae ad Solem

            Vicini furis celebres vidit nuptias
          Aesopus, et continuo narrare incipit:
            Uxorem quondam Sol cum vellet ducere,
          clamorem ranae sustulere ad sidera.
5        Convicio permotus quaerit Iuppiter
          causam querellae. Quaedam tum stagni incola
          'Nunc' inquit 'omnes unus exurit lacus,
          cogitque miseras arida sede emori.
          Quidnam futurum est si crearit liberos?'
  
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       VII. Vulpes ad Personam Tragicam
  
  2 - Quam: antecedent is 'personam'.
       huc illuc: "this way and that".
  3 - quanta species: exclamatory; "what great beauty!".
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             VII. Vulpes ad Personam Tragicam

          Personam tragicam forte vulpes viderat;
        Quam postquam huc illuc semel atque iterum verterat,
        'O quanta species' inquit 'cerebrum non habet!'
          Hoc illis dictum est quibus honorem et gloriam
5      Fortuna tribuit, sensum communem abstulit.

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                     VIII. Lupus et Gruis

  1 - Qui: antecedent is unexpressed subject of 'peccat'.
       pretium meriti: "reward for a service".
  3 - deinde quia: balances 'primum quoniam' in previous line.
  6 - illud...malum: "the damn thing".
 10 - Pro quo: Latin often introduces a sentence with a relative pronoun
                     whose antecedent is in the previous sentence; it's best to
                     translate these as demonstratives; "for this (service)".
 11 - ore: ablative of place from which without preposition.
        nostro: first person plural used for first person singular, as often.
 12 - incolume: modifies 'caput'; predicative: "have removed your head 
                       unharmed".
       abstuleris...postules: subjunctives in a relative clause expressing 
                                      cause.
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                           VIII. Lupus et Gruis

            Qui pretium meriti ab improbis desiderat,
          bis peccat: primum quoniam indignos adiuvat,
          impune abire deinde quia iam non potest.
            Os devoratum fauce cum haereret lupi,
5        magno dolore victus coepit singulos
          inlicere pretio ut illud extraherent malum.
          Tandem persuasa est iureiurando gruis,
          gulae quae credens colli longitudinem
          periculosam fecit medicinam lupo.
10      Pro quo cum pactum flagitaret praemium,
          'Ingrata es' inquit 'ore quae nostro caput
          incolume abstuleris et mercedem postules'.
    
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         IX. Passer ad Leporem Consiliator

  1 - cavere, dare: subjects of 'esse'.
  2 - esse: infinitive in indirect discourse after 'ostendamus'.
  5 - cessarunt: = cessaverunt.
  8 - Mortis en solacium: "lo, a consolation for my death".
  9 - securus: "when you were safe".
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              IX. Passer ad Leporem Consiliator

            Sibi non cavere et aliis consilium dare
          stultum esse paucis ostendamus versibus.
            Oppressum ab aquila, fletus edentem graves,
          leporem obiurgabat passer 'Ubi pernicitas
5        nota' inquit 'illa est? Quid ita cessarunt pedes?'
          Dum loquitur, ipsum accipiter necopinum rapit
          questuque vano clamitantem interficit.
          Lepus semianimus 'Mortis en solacium:
          qui modo securus nostra inridebas mala,
10      simili querella fata deploras tua'.

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               X. Lupus et Vulpes Iudice Simio

  2 - verum: neuter accusative as substantive; "the truth". 
  5 - culpae proximam: colloquially, "anywhere close to being guilty".
  7 - perorassent: = peroravissent.
  8 - dixisse fertur..sententiam: "is said to have delivered (this) verdict".
  9 - tu: refers to the wolf; the monkey is suggesting that what the wolf
            is seeking was never his to lose, since it was stolen by him.
 10 - te: refers to the fox.
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               X. Lupus et Vulpes Iudice Simio

            Quicumque turpi fraude semel innotuit,
          etiam si verum dicit, amittit fidem.
          Hoc adtestatur brevis Aesopi fabula.
          Lupus arguebat vulpem furti crimine;
5        negabat illa se esse culpae proximam.
          Tunc iudex inter illos sedit simius.
          Uterque causam cum perorassent suam,
          dixisse fertur simius sententiam:
          'Tu non videris perdidisse quod petis;
10       te credo subripuisse quod pulchre negas'.

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                 XI. Asinus et Leo Venantes

  1 - expers: masculine adjective used as substantive.
       Virtutis: partitive genitive with 'expers'.
  2 - notis: "to those who know him".
       derisui: dative of purpose; translate as predicate nominative.
  3 - asello comite: ablative absolute; "with a donkey as companion".
  6 - fugientes ipse exciperet: "and he himself would catch them as they 
                                            fled".
  9 - exit~us: accusative plural.
 14 - nossem: = novissem; pluperfect subjunctive in past contrary-to-
                       fact condition.

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                    XI. Asinus et Leo Venantes

            Virtutis expers, verbis iactans gloriam,
          ignotos fallit, notis est derisui.
            Venari asello comite cum vellet leo,
          contexit illum frutice et admonuit simul
5        ut insueta voce terreret feras,
          fugientes ipse exciperet. Hic auritulus
          clamorem subito totis tollit viribus,
          novoque turbat bestias miraculo:
          quae, dum paventes exitus notos petunt,
10      leonis adfliguntur horrendo impetu.
          Qui postquam caede fessus est, asinum evocat,
          iubetque vocem premere. Tunc ille insolens
          'Qualis videtur opera tibi vocis meae?'
          'Insignis' inquit 'sic ut, nisi nossem tuum
15      animum genusque, simili fugissem metu'.

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                         XII. Cervus ad Fontem

1-2 - translate in the following order: haec narratio est testis (ea) quae
                                                     contempseris saepe inveniri (esse) 
                                                     utiliora laudatis. 
  1 - laudatis: neuter participle used as substantive; ablative of comparison 
                    after 'utiliora'.
       contempseris: a relative clause in indirect discourse regularly has its 
                            verb in the subjunctive.
  2 - testis: "is a witness to the fact that"; followed by indirect discourse.
  5 - cornua: object of both 'mirans' and 'laudat'.
  7 - venantum: "of (men) hunting, of hunters".
 13 - me infelicem: accusative of exclamation.
 14 - utilia..quam: = quam utilia; "how useful".
        quae: antecedent is unexpressed subject of 'fuerint'.
 15 - quae: antecedent is unexpressed subject of 'habuerint'.
        laudaram: = laudaveram.
        luct~us: partitive genitive with 'quantum'; "how much (of) grief".
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                       XII. Cervus ad Fontem

            Laudatis utiliora quae contempseris,
          saepe inveniri testis haec narratio est.
            Ad fontem cervus, cum bibisset, restitit,
          et in liquore vidit effigiem suam.
5        Ibi dum ramosa mirans laudat cornua
          crurumque nimiam tenuitatem vituperat,
          venantum subito vocibus conterritus,
          per campum fugere coepit, et cursu levi
          canes elusit. Silva tum excepit ferum;
10      in qua retentis impeditus cornibus
          lacerari coepit morsibus saevis canum.
          Tum moriens edidisse vocem hanc dicitur:
          'O me infelicem, qui nunc demum intellego,
          utilia mihi quam fuerint quae despexeram,
15      et, quae laudaram, quantum luctus habuerint'.

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                   XIII. Vulpes et Corvus

  1 - Quae: antecedent is the understood subject of 'dant' in line 2.
  2 - serae...turpi paenitentia: "too late with foul remorse".
       dant poenas: "pay the penalty, suffer punishment".
  6 - "Oh what shiny feathers you have, crow!"
        qui: exclamatory; modifies 'nitor'.
  7 - Quantum decoris: "How much (of) beauty!".
       decoris: partitive genitive.
  8 - foret: = esset.

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                       XIII. Vulpes et Corvus

            Quae se laudari gaudent verbis subdolis,
          serae dant poenas turpi paenitentia.
            Cum de fenestra corvus raptum caseum
          comesse vellet, celsa residens arbore,
5        vulpes invidit, deinde sic coepit loqui:
          'O qui tuarum, corve, pinnarum est nitor!
          Quantum decoris corpore et vultu geris!
          Si vocem haberes, nulla prior ales foret'.
          At ille, dum etiam vocem vult ostendere,
10      lato ore emisit caseum; quem celeriter
          dolosa vulpes avidis rapuit dentibus.
          Tum demum ingemuit corvi deceptus stupor.

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                     XIV. Ex Sutore Medicus

  2 - medicinam...facere: "to practice medicine".
  6 - eius experiendi grati~a: "for the sake of testing him".
  7 - fus~a dein simulans aqu~a: "then pouring water and pretending".
       fus~a...aqu~a: ablative absolute.
  8 - illius: sc. sutoris; possessive genitive with 'antidoto'.
 11 - "that he hadn't become a famous physician through any knowledge 
 12     of the art, but because of the ignorance of the public."
 12 - factum: sc. esse
 14 - Quantae...dementiae: genitive of characteristic: translate "how mad".
 16 - "to whom no one entrusted his feet to be shod".
 17 - dixerim: subjuncitive of modest assertion; "I would say".
 18 - impudentiae; abstract for concrete; "of shameless men".


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                      XIV. Ex Sutore Medicus

            Malus cum sutor inopia deperditus
          medicinam ignoto facere coepisset loco
          et venditaret falso antidotum nomine,
          verbosis adquisivit sibi famam strophis.
5        Hic cum iaceret morbo confectus gravi
          rex urbis, eius experiendi gratia
          scyphum poposcit: fusa dein simulans aqua
          illius se miscere antidoto toxicum,
          combibere iussit ipsum, posito praemio.
10      Timore mortis ille tum confessus est,
          non artis ulla medicum se prudentia,
          verum stupore vulgi, factum nobilem.
          Rex advocata contione haec edidit:
          'Quantae putatis esse vos dementiae,
15      qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere,
          cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?'
            Hoc pertinere vere ad illos dixerim,
          quorum stultitia quaestus impudentiae est.

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              XV. Asinus et Senex Pastor

  3 - id esse verum: indirect discourse after 'indicat'.
  6 - asino: dative with 'suadebat'.
  8 - impositurum: sc. esse
  9 - r~efert me~a: "does it matter to me";instead of a dative of the personal 
                        pronoun, 'r~efert' takes the abl. sing. fem. of the poss. 
                        adjective.
 10 - dum: "provided that".

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                XV. Asinus et Senex Pastor

            In principatu commutando civium
          nil praeter domini nomen mutant pauperes.
          Id esse verum, parva haec fabella indicat.
            Asellum in prato timidus pascebat senex.
5        Is hostium clamore subito territus
          suadebat asino fugere, ne possent capi.
          At ille lentus 'Quaeso, num binas mihi
          clitellas impositurum victorem putas?'
          Senex negavit. 'Ergo, quid refert mea
10      cui serviam, clitellas dum portem unicas?'

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                  XVI. Ovis, Cervus et Lupus

  1 - sponsum: supine expressing purpose; " to guarantee a loan". 
  3 - rogabat: here governs a double accusative.
  4 - lupo sponsore: ablative absolute; "with a wolf as co-signer".
  6 - tu..fugere: understand 'adsuevisti' from the previous line.
  7 - dies: i.e. the day for payment.

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                      XVI. Ovis, Cervus et Lupus

            Fraudator homines cum advocat sponsum improbos,
          non rem expedire, sed malum ordiri expetit.
            Ovem rogabat cervus modium tritici,
          lupo sponsore. At illa, praemetuens dolum,
5        'Rapere atque abire semper adsuevit lupus;
          tu de conspectu fugere veloci impetu.
          Ubi vos requiram, cum dies advenerit?'

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                 XVII. Ovis, Canis et Lupus

  3 - "the bread which he claimed he had entrusted (to her)".
       commendasse: = commendavisse.
       panem: object of 'peteret' in preceding verse.
  4 - non unum modo: sc. panem; "not only one (loaf)".
  5 - decem: sc. deberi
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                   XVII. Ovis, Canis et Lupus

          Solent mendaces luere poenas malefici.
            Calumniator ab ove cum peteret canis,
          quem commendasse panem se contenderet,
          lupus, citatus testis, non unum modo
5        deberi dixit, verum adfirmavit decem.
          Ovis, damnata falso testimonio,
          quod non debebat, solvit. Post paucos dies
          bidens iacentem in fovea prospexit lupum.
          'Haec' inquit 'merces fraudis a superis datur'.

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           XVIII. Mulier Parturiens 

  1 - qui: antecedent is 'locum'.
  2 - actis mensibus: "when the months had passed".
  3 - humi: locative; "on the ground".
       flebil~is: accusative plural.
  4 - corpus..reciperet: sc. ut
  5 - "where she might more easily deliver nature's burden".
       onus..deponeret: relative clause of purpose.
       quo: = ut eo.
  6 - illo loco: " in that place".
  7 - quo: "in which, where".
       initio: "in the beginning".

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                     XVIII. Mulier Parturiens

          Nemo libenter recolit qui laesit locum.
            Instante partu mulier actis mensibus
          humi iacebat, flebilis gemitus ciens.
          Vir est hortatus, corpus lecto reciperet,
5        onus naturae melius quo deponeret.
          'Minime' inquit 'illo posse confido loco
          malum finiri quo conceptum est initio'.

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                    XIX. Canis Parturiens 

  2 - "the verses below advise us to shun them".
  3 - rogasset: = rogavisset.
  5 - reposcenti: sc. alteri cani; dative with verb prefixed with ad- (admovit)
  7 - hoc quoque consumpto: "when this (time) too had passed".
 10 - loco: ablative of place from which without preposition.
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                         XIX. Canis Parturiens

            Habent insidias hominis blanditiae mali;
          quas ut vitemus, versus subiecti monent.
            Canis parturiens cum rogasset alteram,
          ut fetum in eius tugurio deponeret,
5        facile impetravit. Dein reposcenti locum
          preces admovit, tempus exorans breve,
          dum firmiores catulos posset ducere.
          Hoc quoque consumpto flagitare validius
          cubile coepit. 'Si mihi et turbae meae
10      par' inquit 'esse potueris, cedam loco'.

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                XX. Canes Famelici 

  1 - non modo: "not only".
  2 - sed...quoque: "but even".
       mortal~is: accusative plural.
  4 - Id...comesse extractum: loosely, "drag it out and eat it".
  5 - coepere: = coeperunt. 
       prius: with 'quam' in following line; "before".
  6 - periere: = perierunt.
       contingerent: subjunctive because the action did not take place.
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                         XX. Canes Famelici

            Stultum consilium non modo effectu caret,
          sed ad perniciem quoque mortalis devocat.
            Corium depressum in fluvio viderunt canes.
          Id ut comesse extractum possent facilius,
5        aquam coepere ebibere: sed rupti prius
          periere quam quod petierant contingerent.

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            XXI. Leo Senex, Aper, Taurus et Asinus  

  2 - ignavis etiam: "even to the cowardly"; adjective used as substantive.
  3 - annis: "by years", i.e. "by age".
  8 - ut: temporal; "when".
 10 - Fort~is: accusative plural; subject of 'insultare'.
        indigne tuli: "I was indignant that", followed by accusative/infinitive.
 12 - quod: "because".
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             XXI. Leo Senex, Aper, Taurus et Asinus

            Quicumque amisit dignitatem pristinam,
          ignavis etiam iocus est in casu gravi.
            Defectus annis et desertus viribus
          leo cum iaceret spiritum extremum trahens,
5        aper fulmineis spumans venit dentibus,
          et vindicavit ictu veterem iniuriam.
          Infestis taurus mox confodit cornibus
          hostile corpus. Asinus, ut vidit ferum
          impune laedi, calcibus frontem extudit.
10      At ille exspirans 'Fortis indigne tuli
          mihi insultare: Te, Naturae dedecus,
          quod ferre certe cogor bis videor mori'.

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                    XXII. Mustela et Homo

  3 - molestis muribus: "of pesky mice"; ablative of separation.
  4 - caus~a me~a: ablative of cause; "for my sake".
  5 - supplici: sc. tibi
  7 - sunt rosuri: "they (i.e. the mice) will nibble".
 10 - hoc in se dictum (esse): loosely, "that this story applies to them".
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                        XXII. Mustela et Homo

            Mustela ab homine prensa, cum instantem necem
          effugere vellet, 'Parce, quaeso', inquit 'mihi,
          quae tibi molestis muribus purgo domum'.
          Respondit ille 'Faceres si causa mea,
5        gratum esset et dedissem veniam supplici.
          Nunc quia laboras ut fruaris reliquiis,
          quas sunt rosuri, simul et ipsos devores,
          noli imputare vanum beneficium mihi'.
          Atque ita locutus improbam leto dedit.
10        Hoc in se dictum debent illi agnoscere,
          quorum privata servit utilitas sibi,
          et meritum inane iactant imprudentibus.

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                       XXIII. Canis Fidelis

  1 - Repente liberalis: "suddenly generous"; masc. adj. used as subst.
  2 - verum: conjunction; "but"
  4 - temptans an: "testing (to see) whether".
       obiecto...cibo: ablative of means with 'capi': "by the proffered food".
  6 - pro re domini: "on my master's behalf".
  8 - me~a culp~a: ablative of cause: "through my fault".
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                        XXIII. Canis Fidelis

            Repente liberalis stultis gratus est,
          verum peritis inritos tendit dolos.
            Nocturnus cum fur panem misisset cani,
          obiecto temptans an cibo posset capi,
5        'Heus', inquit 'linguam vis meam praecludere,
          ne latrem pro re domini? Multum falleris.
          Namque ista subita me iubet benignitas
          vigilare, facias ne mea culpa lucrum'.

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             XXIV. Rana Rupta et Bos

  3 - tacta invidi~a: "touched by envy".
       tantae magnitudinis: objective genitive with 'invidia'.
  6 - negarunt: = negaverunt.
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                    XXIV. Rana Rupta et Bos

          Inops, potentem dum vult imitari, perit.
            In prato quondam rana conspexit bovem,
          et tacta invidia tantae magnitudinis
          rugosam inflavit pellem. Tum natos suos
5        interrogavit an bove esset latior.
          Illi negarunt. Rursus intendit cutem
          maiore nisu, et simili quaesivit modo,
          quis maior esset. Illi dixerunt 'bovem'.
          Novissime indignata, dum vult validius
10      inflare sese, rupto iacuit corpore.

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                   XXV. Canes et Corcodilli
     
  2 - et..et: "both..and".
  3 - Canes...bibere: accusative/infinitive in indirect discourse after 
                              'traditum est'.
       currentes: "while running, on the run".
  4 - traditum est: impersonal; "legend has it that".
  6 - sic corcodillus: a verb of saying must be understood.
  7 - noli vereri: the regular form of negative commands; "don't be afraid".
  8 - cupidum: predicate adjective with 'esse'; 'te' is its subject.
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                   XXV. Canes et Corcodilli

            Consilia qui dant prava cautis hominibus
          et perdunt operam et deridentur turpiter.
            Canes currentes bibere in Nilo flumine,
          a corcodillis ne rapiantur, traditum est.
5        Igitur cum currens bibere coepisset canis,
          sic corcodillus 'Quamlibet lambe otio,
          noli vereri'. At ille 'Facerem mehercules,
          nisi esse scirem carnis te cupidum meae'.

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                    XXVI. Vulpes et Ciconia

  1 - "No one should be harmed: but if anyone has done harm,
  2    this fable advises that he should be punished in a similar way."
  1 - Nulli nocendum: sc. est; passive periphrastic used impersonally.
  2 - multandum: sc. esse; infinitive in indirect discourse.
  4 - prior: i.e. the wolf was the first to invite the other to dinner.
       invitasse: = invitavisse.
  6 - potuerit: present perfect subjunctive in relative clause of purpose.
  7 - cibo: ablative with 'plenam'.
  8 - huic: verbs compounded in in- (inserens) often take a dative.
 11 - locutam: sc. esse; infinitive in indirect discourse.
 12 - aequo animo: "patiently".
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                      XXVI. Vulpes et Ciconia

            Nulli nocendum: si quis vero laeserit,
          multandum simili iure fabella admonet.
            Ad cenam vulpes dicitur ciconiam
          prior invitasse, et liquidam in patulo marmore
5        posuisse sorbitionem, quam nullo modo
          gustare esuriens potuerit ciconia.
          Quae, vulpem cum revocasset, intrito cibo
          plenam lagonam posuit; huic rostrum inserens
          satiatur ipsa et torquet convivam fame.
10      Quae cum lagonae collum frustra lamberet,
          peregrinam sic locutam volucrem accepimus:
          'Sua quisque exempla debet aequo animo pati'.

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      XXVII. Canis et Thesaurus et Vulturius

  4 - violarat: = violaverat.
       Manes deos: "the spirits of the dead".
  5 - illi: dative with verb compounded in in- (iniecta).
  6 - loosely, "so that he might pay the penalty for violating sacred taboo".
  8 - Quem...super: preposition follows its object.
  9 - locutus: sc. esse.
 11 - trivio, stercore: ablatives of place where without a preposition.
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             XXVII. Canis et Thesaurus et Vulturius

            Haec res avaris esse conveniens potest,
          et qui, humiles nati, dici locupletes student.
            Humana effodiens ossa thesaurum canis
          invenit, et, violarat quia Manes deos,
5        iniecta est illi divitiarum cupiditas,
          poenas ut sanctae religioni penderet.
          Itaque, aurum dum custodit oblitus cibi,
          fame est consumptus. Quem stans vulturius super
          fertur locutus 'O canis, merito iaces,
10      qui concupisti subito regales opes,
          trivio conceptus, educatus stercore'.

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                        XXVIII. Vulpes et Aquila 

  1 - Quamvis sublimes: "however lofty"; masculine adjective used as
                                    substantive.
  4 - "and placed them in her nest for her chicks to rend (for) food."
  4 - escam: predicative.
  5 - Hanc: object of both 'persecuta' and 'orare'.
  7 - tuta quippe ipso loco: "since she was safe in that place".
 10 - hosti dolorem miscens:"stirring up grief for her enemy".
       damno..sanguinis: "by the (threatened) loss of her offspring".
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                    XXVIII. Vulpes et Aquila

            Quamvis sublimes debent humiles metuere,
          vindicta docili quia patet sollertiae.
            Vulpinos catulos aquila quondam sustulit,
          nidoque posuit pullis escam ut carperent.
5        Hanc persecuta mater orare incipit,
          ne tantum miserae luctum importaret sibi.
          Contempsit illa, tuta quippe ipso loco.
          Vulpes ab ara rapuit ardentem facem,
          totamque flammis arborem circumdedit,
10      hosti dolorem damno miscens sanguinis.
          Aquila, ut periclo mortis eriperet suos,
          incolumes natos supplex vulpi reddidit.

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                   XXIX. Asinus Inridens Aprum

  7 - Asinus: a verb of saying must be understood. 
       demisso pene: ablative absolute; "letting his penis hang down".
  8 - hoc: although neuter, antecedent is 'pene' in verse 6 ; "this thing".
  9 - cum: "although".
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                 XXIX. Asinus Inridens Aprum

            Plerumque stulti, risum dum captant levem,
          gravi destringunt alios contumelia,
          et sibi nocivum concitant periculum.
            Asellus apro cum fuisset obvius,
5        'Salve' inquit 'frater'. Ille indignans repudiat
          officium, et quaerit cur sic mentiri velit?
          Asinus demisso pene 'Similem si negas
          tibi me esse, certe simile est hoc rostro tuo'.
          Aper, cum vellet facere generosum impetum,
10      repressit iram et 'Facilis vindicta est mihi;
          sed inquinari nolo ignavo sanguine'.

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      XXX. Ranae Metuentes Taurorum Proelia

  3 - quanta: exclamatory; "what great!".
  7 - sit: has concessive force; "granted that there is".
  8 - regno: ablative of separation without preposition.
 10 - proculcatas: sc. nos.
 11 - caput: here has the meaning of "life".
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           XXX. Ranae Metuentes Taurorum Proelia

          Humiles laborant ubi potentes dissident.
            Rana e palude pugnam taurorum intuens,
          'Heu, quanta nobis instat pernicies' ait.
          interrogata ab alia cur hoc diceret,
5        de principatu cum illi certarent gregis
          longeque ab ipsis degerent vitam boves,
          'Sit statio separata ac diversum genus;
          expulsus regno nemoris qui profugerit,
          paludis in secreta veniet latibula,
10      et proculcatas obteret duro pede.
          Ita caput ad nostrum furor illorum pertinet'.

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                           XXXI. Milvus et Columbae

  1 - "He who entrusts himself to a dishonest man to be protected by him".
       tutandum: gerundive agreeing with 'se'; "to be protected".
       homini: serves as both indirect object and dative of agent with
                  'tutandum'.
  4 - pinnae: singular for plural.
       vitassent: = vitavissent.
  8 - quam...creatis: with 'potius' in the previous verse; "rather than
                             make".
  9 - tutas: predicative.
       praestem: subjunctive in relative clause of purpose.
 11 - singulas: sc. columbas
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                    XXXI. Milvus et Columbae

            Qui se committit homini tutandum improbo,
          auxilia dum requirit, exitium invenit.
            Columbae saepe cum fugissent milvum,
          et celeritate pinnae vitassent necem,
5        consilium raptor vertit ad fallaciam,
          et genus inerme tali decepit dolo:
          'Quare sollicitum potius aevum ducitis
          quam regem me creatis icto foedere,
          qui vos ab omni tutas praestem iniuria?'
10      Illae credentes tradunt sese milvo.
          Qui regnum adeptus coepit vesci singulas,
          et exercere imperium saevis unguibus.
          Tunc de reliquis una 'Merito plectimur,
          huic spiritum praedoni quae commisimus'.
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