This is Info file ../g77-0.5.23/f/g77.info, produced by Makeinfo
version 1.68 from the input file ../g77-0.5.23/f/g77.texi.

   This file explains how to use the GNU Fortran system.

   Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

   Copyright (C) 1995-1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the sections entitled "GNU General Public License," "Funding for
Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight `Look And Feel'" are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the sections entitled "GNU General Public
License," "Funding for Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight
`Look And Feel'", and this permission notice, may be included in
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the
original English.

   Contributed by James Craig Burley (<burley@gnu.org>).  Inspired by a
first pass at translating `g77-0.5.16/f/DOC' that was contributed to
Craig by David Ronis (<ronis@onsager.chem.mcgill.ca>).

INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* g77: (g77).                  The GNU Fortran compiler.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


File: g77.info,  Node: JIAbs Intrinsic,  Next: JIAnd Intrinsic,  Prev: IZExt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIAbs Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIAbs' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIAnd Intrinsic,  Next: JIBClr Intrinsic,  Prev: JIAbs Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIAnd Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIAnd' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIBClr Intrinsic,  Next: JIBits Intrinsic,  Prev: JIAnd Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIBClr Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIBClr' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIBits Intrinsic,  Next: JIBSet Intrinsic,  Prev: JIBClr Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIBits Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIBits' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIBSet Intrinsic,  Next: JIDiM Intrinsic,  Prev: JIBits Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIBSet Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIBSet' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIDiM Intrinsic,  Next: JIDInt Intrinsic,  Prev: JIBSet Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIDiM Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIDiM' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIDInt Intrinsic,  Next: JIDNnt Intrinsic,  Prev: JIDiM Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIDInt Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIDInt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIDNnt Intrinsic,  Next: JIEOr Intrinsic,  Prev: JIDInt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIDNnt Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIDNnt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIEOr Intrinsic,  Next: JIFix Intrinsic,  Prev: JIDNnt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIEOr Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIEOr' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIFix Intrinsic,  Next: JInt Intrinsic,  Prev: JIEOr Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIFix Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIFix' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JInt Intrinsic,  Next: JIOr Intrinsic,  Prev: JIFix Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JInt Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JInt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIOr Intrinsic,  Next: JIQint Intrinsic,  Prev: JInt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIOr Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIOr' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIQint Intrinsic,  Next: JIQNnt Intrinsic,  Prev: JIOr Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIQint Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIQint' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIQNnt Intrinsic,  Next: JIShft Intrinsic,  Prev: JIQint Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIQNnt Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIQNnt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIShft Intrinsic,  Next: JIShftC Intrinsic,  Prev: JIQNnt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIShft Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIShft' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JIShftC Intrinsic,  Next: JISign Intrinsic,  Prev: JIShft Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JIShftC Intrinsic
.................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JIShftC' to use this name for
an external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JISign Intrinsic,  Next: JMax0 Intrinsic,  Prev: JIShftC Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JISign Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JISign' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JMax0 Intrinsic,  Next: JMax1 Intrinsic,  Prev: JISign Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JMax0 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JMax0' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JMax1 Intrinsic,  Next: JMin0 Intrinsic,  Prev: JMax0 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JMax1 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JMax1' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JMin0 Intrinsic,  Next: JMin1 Intrinsic,  Prev: JMax1 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JMin0 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JMin0' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JMin1 Intrinsic,  Next: JMod Intrinsic,  Prev: JMin0 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JMin1 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JMin1' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JMod Intrinsic,  Next: JNInt Intrinsic,  Prev: JMin1 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JMod Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JMod' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JNInt Intrinsic,  Next: JNot Intrinsic,  Prev: JMod Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JNInt Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JNInt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JNot Intrinsic,  Next: JZExt Intrinsic,  Prev: JNInt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JNot Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JNot' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: JZExt Intrinsic,  Next: Kill Intrinsic (function),  Prev: JNot Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

JZExt Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL JZExt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: Kill Intrinsic (function),  Next: Link Intrinsic (function),  Prev: JZExt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

Kill Intrinsic (function)
.........................

     Kill(PID, SIGNAL)

Kill: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

PID: `INTEGER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

SIGNAL: `INTEGER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Sends the signal specified by SIGNAL to the process PID.  Returns 0
on success or a non-zero error code.  See `kill(2)'.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Kill
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: Link Intrinsic (function),  Next: QAbs Intrinsic,  Prev: Kill Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

Link Intrinsic (function)
.........................

     Link(PATH1, PATH2)

Link: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

PATH1: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

PATH2: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Makes a (hard) link from file PATH1 to PATH2.  A null character
(`CHAR(0)') marks the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2--otherwise,
trailing blanks in PATH1 and PATH2 are ignored.  Returns 0 on success
or a non-zero error code.  See `link(2)'.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Link
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: QAbs Intrinsic,  Next: QACos Intrinsic,  Prev: Link Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

QAbs Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QAbs' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QACos Intrinsic,  Next: QACosD Intrinsic,  Prev: QAbs Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QACos Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QACos' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QACosD Intrinsic,  Next: QASin Intrinsic,  Prev: QACos Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QACosD Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QACosD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QASin Intrinsic,  Next: QASinD Intrinsic,  Prev: QACosD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QASin Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QASin' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QASinD Intrinsic,  Next: QATan Intrinsic,  Prev: QASin Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QASinD Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QASinD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QATan Intrinsic,  Next: QATan2 Intrinsic,  Prev: QASinD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QATan Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QATan' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QATan2 Intrinsic,  Next: QATan2D Intrinsic,  Prev: QATan Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QATan2 Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QATan2' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QATan2D Intrinsic,  Next: QATanD Intrinsic,  Prev: QATan2 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QATan2D Intrinsic
.................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QATan2D' to use this name for
an external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QATanD Intrinsic,  Next: QCos Intrinsic,  Prev: QATan2D Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QATanD Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QATanD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QCos Intrinsic,  Next: QCosD Intrinsic,  Prev: QATanD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QCos Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QCos' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QCosD Intrinsic,  Next: QCosH Intrinsic,  Prev: QCos Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QCosD Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QCosD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QCosH Intrinsic,  Next: QDiM Intrinsic,  Prev: QCosD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QCosH Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QCosH' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QDiM Intrinsic,  Next: QExp Intrinsic,  Prev: QCosH Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QDiM Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QDiM' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QExp Intrinsic,  Next: QExt Intrinsic,  Prev: QDiM Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QExp Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QExp' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QExt Intrinsic,  Next: QExtD Intrinsic,  Prev: QExp Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QExt Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QExt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QExtD Intrinsic,  Next: QFloat Intrinsic,  Prev: QExt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QExtD Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QExtD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QFloat Intrinsic,  Next: QInt Intrinsic,  Prev: QExtD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QFloat Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QFloat' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QInt Intrinsic,  Next: QLog Intrinsic,  Prev: QFloat Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QInt Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QInt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QLog Intrinsic,  Next: QLog10 Intrinsic,  Prev: QInt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QLog Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QLog' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QLog10 Intrinsic,  Next: QMax1 Intrinsic,  Prev: QLog Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QLog10 Intrinsic
................

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QLog10' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QMax1 Intrinsic,  Next: QMin1 Intrinsic,  Prev: QLog10 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QMax1 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QMax1' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QMin1 Intrinsic,  Next: QMod Intrinsic,  Prev: QMax1 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QMin1 Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QMin1' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QMod Intrinsic,  Next: QNInt Intrinsic,  Prev: QMin1 Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QMod Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QMod' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QNInt Intrinsic,  Next: QSin Intrinsic,  Prev: QMod Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QNInt Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QNInt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QSin Intrinsic,  Next: QSinD Intrinsic,  Prev: QNInt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QSin Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QSin' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QSinD Intrinsic,  Next: QSinH Intrinsic,  Prev: QSin Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QSinD Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QSinD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QSinH Intrinsic,  Next: QSqRt Intrinsic,  Prev: QSinD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QSinH Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QSinH' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QSqRt Intrinsic,  Next: QTan Intrinsic,  Prev: QSinH Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QSqRt Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QSqRt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QTan Intrinsic,  Next: QTanD Intrinsic,  Prev: QSqRt Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QTan Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QTan' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QTanD Intrinsic,  Next: QTanH Intrinsic,  Prev: QTan Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QTanD Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QTanD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: QTanH Intrinsic,  Next: Rename Intrinsic (function),  Prev: QTanD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

QTanH Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL QTanH' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: Rename Intrinsic (function),  Next: Secnds Intrinsic,  Prev: QTanH Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

Rename Intrinsic (function)
...........................

     Rename(PATH1, PATH2)

Rename: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

PATH1: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

PATH2: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Renames the file PATH1 to PATH2.  A null character (`CHAR(0)') marks
the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2--otherwise, trailing blanks in
PATH1 and PATH2 are ignored.  See `rename(2)'.  Returns 0 on success or
a non-zero error code.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Rename
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: Secnds Intrinsic,  Next: Signal Intrinsic (function),  Prev: Rename Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

Secnds Intrinsic
................

     Secnds(T)

Secnds: `REAL(KIND=1)' function.

T: `REAL(KIND=1)'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `vxt'.

Description:

   Returns the local time in seconds since midnight minus the value T.


File: g77.info,  Node: Signal Intrinsic (function),  Next: SinD Intrinsic,  Prev: Secnds Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

Signal Intrinsic (function)
...........................

     Signal(NUMBER, HANDLER)

Signal: `INTEGER(KIND=7)' function.

NUMBER: `INTEGER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

HANDLER: Signal handler (`INTEGER FUNCTION' or `SUBROUTINE') or
dummy/global `INTEGER(KIND=1)' scalar.

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   If HANDLER is a an `EXTERNAL' routine, arranges for it to be invoked
with a single integer argument (of system-dependent length) when signal
NUMBER occurs.  If HANDLER is an integer, it can be used to turn off
handling of signal NUMBER or revert to its default action.  See
`signal(2)'.

   Note that HANDLER will be called using C conventions, so the value
of its argument in Fortran terms is obtained by applying `%LOC()' (or
LOC()) to it.

   The value returned by `signal(2)' is returned.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   *Warning:* If the returned value is stored in an `INTEGER(KIND=1)'
(default `INTEGER') argument, truncation of the original return value
occurs on some systems (such as Alphas, which have 64-bit pointers but
32-bit default integers), with no warning issued by `g77' under normal
circumstances.

   Therefore, the following code fragment might silently fail on some
systems:

     INTEGER RTN
     EXTERNAL MYHNDL
     RTN = SIGNAL(SIGNUM, MYHNDL)
     ...
     ! Restore original handler:
     RTN = SIGNAL(SIGNUM, RTN)

   The reason for the failure is that `RTN' might not hold all the
information on the original handler for the signal, thus restoring an
invalid handler.  This bug could manifest itself as a spurious run-time
failure at an arbitrary point later during the program's execution, for
example.

   *Warning:* Use of the `libf2c' run-time library function `signal_'
directly (such as via `EXTERNAL SIGNAL') requires use of the `%VAL()'
construct to pass an `INTEGER' value (such as `SIG_IGN' or `SIG_DFL')
for the HANDLER argument.

   However, while `RTN = SIGNAL(SIGNUM, %VAL(SIG_IGN))' works when
`SIGNAL' is treated as an external procedure (and resolves, at link
time, to `libf2c''s `signal_' routine), this construct is not valid
when `SIGNAL' is recognized as the intrinsic of that name.

   Therefore, for maximum portability and reliability, code such
references to the `SIGNAL' facility as follows:

     INTRINSIC SIGNAL
     ...
     RTN = SIGNAL(SIGNUM, SIG_IGN)

   `g77' will compile such a call correctly, while other compilers will
generally either do so as well or reject the `INTRINSIC SIGNAL'
statement via a diagnostic, allowing you to take appropriate action.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Signal
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: SinD Intrinsic,  Next: SnglQ Intrinsic,  Prev: Signal Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

SinD Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL SinD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: SnglQ Intrinsic,  Next: SymLnk Intrinsic (function),  Prev: SinD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

SnglQ Intrinsic
...............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL SnglQ' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: SymLnk Intrinsic (function),  Next: System Intrinsic (function),  Prev: SnglQ Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

SymLnk Intrinsic (function)
...........................

     SymLnk(PATH1, PATH2)

SymLnk: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

PATH1: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

PATH2: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Makes a symbolic link from file PATH1 to PATH2.  A null character
(`CHAR(0)') marks the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2--otherwise,
trailing blanks in PATH1 and PATH2 are ignored.  Returns 0 on success
or a non-zero error code (`ENOSYS' if the system does not provide
`symlink(2)').

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note SymLnk
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: System Intrinsic (function),  Next: TanD Intrinsic,  Prev: SymLnk Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

System Intrinsic (function)
...........................

     System(COMMAND)

System: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

COMMAND: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Passes the command COMMAND to a shell (see `system(3)').  Returns
the value returned by `system(3)', presumably 0 if the shell command
succeeded.  Note that which shell is used to invoke the command is
system-dependent and environment-dependent.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.  However, the function form can be valid in
cases where the actual side effects performed by the call are
unimportant to the application.

   For example, on a UNIX system, `SAME = SYSTEM('cmp a b')' does not
perform any side effects likely to be important to the program, so the
programmer would not care if the actual system call (and invocation of
`cmp') was optimized away in a situation where the return value could
be determined otherwise, or was not actually needed (`SAME' not
actually referenced after the sample assignment statement).

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note System
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: TanD Intrinsic,  Next: Time Intrinsic (VXT),  Prev: System Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

TanD Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL TanD' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: Time Intrinsic (VXT),  Next: UMask Intrinsic (function),  Prev: TanD Intrinsic,  Up: Other Intrinsics

Time Intrinsic (VXT)
....................

     CALL Time(TIME)

TIME: `CHARACTER*8'; scalar; INTENT(OUT).

Intrinsic groups: `vxt'.

Description:

   Returns in TIME a character representation of the current time as
obtained from `ctime(3)'.

   *Note Fdate Intrinsic (subroutine):: for an equivalent routine.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Time
Intrinsic (UNIX)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: UMask Intrinsic (function),  Next: Unlink Intrinsic (function),  Prev: Time Intrinsic (VXT),  Up: Other Intrinsics

UMask Intrinsic (function)
..........................

     UMask(MASK)

UMask: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

MASK: `INTEGER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Sets the file creation mask to MASK and returns the old value.  See
`umask(2)'.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note UMask
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: Unlink Intrinsic (function),  Next: ZExt Intrinsic,  Prev: UMask Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

Unlink Intrinsic (function)
...........................

     Unlink(FILE)

Unlink: `INTEGER(KIND=1)' function.

FILE: `CHARACTER'; scalar; INTENT(IN).

Intrinsic groups: `badu77'.

Description:

   Unlink the file FILE.  A null character (`CHAR(0)') marks the end of
the name in FILE--otherwise, trailing blanks in FILE are ignored.
Returns 0 on success or a non-zero error code.  See `unlink(2)'.

   Due to the side effects performed by this intrinsic, the function
form is not recommended.

   For information on other intrinsics with the same name: *Note Unlink
Intrinsic (subroutine)::.


File: g77.info,  Node: ZExt Intrinsic,  Prev: Unlink Intrinsic (function),  Up: Other Intrinsics

ZExt Intrinsic
..............

   This intrinsic is not yet implemented.  The name is, however,
reserved as an intrinsic.  Use `EXTERNAL ZExt' to use this name for an
external procedure.


File: g77.info,  Node: Other Compilers,  Next: Other Languages,  Prev: Other Dialects,  Up: Top

Other Compilers
***************

   An individual Fortran source file can be compiled to an object
(`*.o') file instead of to the final program executable.  This allows
several portions of a program to be compiled at different times and
linked together whenever a new version of the program is needed.
However, it introduces the issue of "object compatibility" across the
various object files (and libraries, or `*.a' files) that are linked
together to produce any particular executable file.

   Object compatibility is an issue when combining, in one program,
Fortran code compiled by more than one compiler (or more than one
configuration of a compiler).  If the compilers disagree on how to
transform the names of procedures, there will normally be errors when
linking such programs.  Worse, if the compilers agree on naming, but
disagree on issues like how to pass parameters, return arguments, and
lay out `COMMON' areas, the earliest detected errors might be the
incorrect results produced by the program (and that assumes these
errors are detected, which is not always the case).

   Normally, `g77' generates code that is object-compatible with code
generated by a version of `f2c' configured (with, for example, `f2c.h'
definitions) to be generally compatible with `g77' as built by `gcc'.
(Normally, `f2c' will, by default, conform to the appropriate
configuration, but it is possible that older or perhaps even newer
versions of `f2c', or versions having certain configuration changes to
`f2c' internals, will produce object files that are incompatible with
`g77'.)

   For example, a Fortran string subroutine argument will become two
arguments on the C side: a `char *' and an `int' length.

   Much of this compatibility results from the fact that `g77' uses the
same run-time library, `libf2c', used by `f2c', though `g77' gives its
version the name `libg2c' so as to avoid conflicts when linking,
installing them in the same directories, and so on.

   Other compilers might or might not generate code that is
object-compatible with `libg2c' and current `g77', and some might offer
such compatibility only when explicitly selected via a command-line
option to the compiler.

   *Note: This portion of the documentation definitely needs a lot of
work!*

* Menu:

* Dropping f2c Compatibility::  When speed is more important.
* Compilers Other Than f2c::    Interoperation with code from other compilers.


File: g77.info,  Node: Dropping f2c Compatibility,  Next: Compilers Other Than f2c,  Up: Other Compilers

Dropping `f2c' Compatibility
============================

   Specifying `-fno-f2c' allows `g77' to generate, in some cases,
faster code, by not needing to allow to the possibility of linking with
code compiled by `f2c'.

   For example, this affects how `REAL(KIND=1)', `COMPLEX(KIND=1)', and
`COMPLEX(KIND=2)' functions are called.  With `-fno-f2c', they are
compiled as returning the appropriate `gcc' type (`float', `__complex__
float', `__complex__ double', in many configurations).

   With `-ff2c' in force, they are compiled differently (with perhaps
slower run-time performance) to accommodate the restrictions inherent
in `f2c''s use of K&R C as an intermediate language--`REAL(KIND=1)'
functions return C's `double' type, while `COMPLEX' functions return
`void' and use an extra argument pointing to a place for the functions
to return their values.

   It is possible that, in some cases, leaving `-ff2c' in force might
produce faster code than using `-fno-f2c'.  Feel free to experiment,
but remember to experiment with changing the way *entire programs and
their Fortran libraries are compiled* at a time, since this sort of
experimentation affects the interface of code generated for a Fortran
source file--that is, it affects object compatibility.

   Note that `f2c' compatibility is a fairly static target to achieve,
though not necessarily perfectly so, since, like `g77', it is still
being improved.  However, specifying `-fno-f2c' causes `g77' to
generate code that will probably be incompatible with code generated by
future versions of `g77' when the same option is in force.  You should
make sure you are always able to recompile complete programs from
source code when upgrading to new versions of `g77' or `f2c',
especially when using options such as `-fno-f2c'.

   Therefore, if you are using `g77' to compile libraries and other
object files for possible future use and you don't want to require
recompilation for future use with subsequent versions of `g77', you
might want to stick with `f2c' compatibility for now, and carefully
watch for any announcements about changes to the `f2c'/`libf2c'
interface that might affect existing programs (thus requiring
recompilation).

   It is probable that a future version of `g77' will not, by default,
generate object files compatible with `f2c', and that version probably
would no longer use `libf2c'.  If you expect to depend on this
compatibility in the long term, use the options `-ff2c -ff2c-library'
when compiling all of the applicable code.  This should cause future
versions of `g77' either to produce compatible code (at the expense of
the availability of some features and performance), or at the very
least, to produce diagnostics.

   (The library `g77' produces will no longer be named `libg2c' when it
is no longer generally compatible with `libf2c'.  It will likely be
referred to, and, if installed as a distinct library, named `libg77',
or some other as-yet-unused name.)


File: g77.info,  Node: Compilers Other Than f2c,  Prev: Dropping f2c Compatibility,  Up: Other Compilers

Compilers Other Than `f2c'
==========================

   On systems with Fortran compilers other than `f2c' and `g77', code
compiled by `g77' is not expected to work well with code compiled by
the native compiler.  (This is true for `f2c'-compiled objects as well.)
Libraries compiled with the native compiler probably will have to be
recompiled with `g77' to be used with `g77'-compiled code.

   Reasons for such incompatibilities include:

   * There might be differences in the way names of Fortran procedures
     are translated for use in the system's object-file format.  For
     example, the statement `CALL FOO' might be compiled by `g77' to
     call a procedure the linker `ld' sees given the name `_foo_',
     while the apparently corresponding statement `SUBROUTINE FOO'
     might be compiled by the native compiler to define the
     linker-visible name `_foo', or `_FOO_', and so on.

   * There might be subtle type mismatches which cause subroutine
     arguments and function return values to get corrupted.

     This is why simply getting `g77' to transform procedure names the
     same way a native compiler does is not usually a good idea--unless
     some effort has been made to ensure that, aside from the way the
     two compilers transform procedure names, everything else about the
     way they generate code for procedure interfaces is identical.

   * Native compilers use libraries of private I/O routines which will
     not be available at link time unless you have the native
     compiler--and you would have to explicitly ask for them.

     For example, on the Sun you would have to add `-L/usr/lang/SCx.x
     -lF77 -lV77' to the link command.


File: g77.info,  Node: Other Languages,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Other Compilers,  Up: Top

Other Languages
***************

   *Note: This portion of the documentation definitely needs a lot of
work!*

* Menu:

* Interoperating with C and C++::


File: g77.info,  Node: Interoperating with C and C++,  Up: Other Languages

Tools and advice for interoperating with C and C++
==================================================

   The following discussion assumes that you are running `g77' in `f2c'
compatibility mode, i.e. not using `-fno-f2c'.  It provides some advice
about quick and simple techniques for linking Fortran and C (or C++),
the most common requirement.  For the full story consult the
description of code generation.  *Note Debugging and Interfacing::.

   When linking Fortran and C, it's usually best to use `g77' to do the
linking so that the correct libraries are included (including the maths
one).  If you're linking with C++ you will want to add `-lstdc++',
`-lg++' or whatever.  If you need to use another driver program (or
`ld' directly), you can find out what linkage options `g77' passes by
running `g77 -v'.

* Menu:

* C Interfacing Tools::
* C Access to Type Information::
* f2c Skeletons and Prototypes::
* C++ Considerations::
* Startup Code::


File: g77.info,  Node: C Interfacing Tools,  Next: C Access to Type Information,  Up: Interoperating with C and C++

C Interfacing Tools
-------------------

   Even if you don't actually use it as a compiler, `f2c' from
`ftp://ftp.netlib.org/f2c/src', can be a useful tool when you're
interfacing (linking) Fortran and C.  *Note Generating Skeletons and
Prototypes with `f2c': f2c Skeletons and Prototypes.

   To use `f2c' for this purpose you only need retrieve and build the
`src' directory from the distribution, consult the `README'
instructions there for machine-specifics, and install the `f2c' program
on your path.

   Something else that might be useful is `cfortran.h' from
`ftp://zebra/desy.de/cfortran'.  This is a fairly general tool which
can be used to generate interfaces for calling in both directions
between Fortran and C.  It can be used in `f2c' mode with
`g77'--consult its documentation for details.


File: g77.info,  Node: C Access to Type Information,  Next: f2c Skeletons and Prototypes,  Prev: C Interfacing Tools,  Up: Interoperating with C and C++

Accessing Type Information in C
-------------------------------

   Generally, C code written to link with `g77' code--calling and/or
being called from Fortran--should `#include <g2c.h>' to define the C
versions of the Fortran types.  Don't assume Fortran `INTEGER' types
correspond to C `int's, for instance; instead, declare them as
`integer', a type defined by `g2c.h'.  `g2c.h' is installed where `gcc'
will find it by default, assuming you use a copy of `gcc' compatible
with `g77', probably built at the same time as `g77'.


File: g77.info,  Node: f2c Skeletons and Prototypes,  Next: C++ Considerations,  Prev: C Access to Type Information,  Up: Interoperating with C and C++

Generating Skeletons and Prototypes with `f2c'
----------------------------------------------

   A simple and foolproof way to write `g77'-callable C routines--e.g.
to interface with an existing library--is to write a file (named, for
example, `fred.f') of dummy Fortran skeletons comprising just the
declaration of the routine(s) and dummy arguments plus `END' statements.
Then run `f2c' on file `fred.f' to produce `fred.c' into which you can
edit useful code, confident the calling sequence is correct, at least.
(There are some errors otherwise commonly made in generating C
interfaces with `f2c' conventions, such as not using `doublereal' as
the return type of a `REAL' `FUNCTION'.)

   `f2c' also can help with calling Fortran from C, using its `-P'
option to generate C prototypes appropriate for calling the Fortran.(1)
If the Fortran code containing any routines to be called from C is in
file `joe.f', use the command `f2c -P joe.f' to generate the file
`joe.P' containing prototype information.  `#include' this in the C
which has to call the Fortran routines to make sure you get it right.

   *Note Arrays (DIMENSION: Arrays, for information on the differences
between the way Fortran (including compilers like `g77') and C handle
arrays.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The files generated like this can also be used for inter-unit
consistency checking of dummy and actual arguments, although the
`ftnchek' tool from `ftp://ftp.netlib.org/fortran' or
`ftp://ftp.dsm.fordham.edu' is probably better for this purpose.


File: g77.info,  Node: C++ Considerations,  Next: Startup Code,  Prev: f2c Skeletons and Prototypes,  Up: Interoperating with C and C++

C++ Considerations
------------------

   `f2c' can be used to generate suitable code for compilation with a
C++ system using the `-C++' option.  The important thing about linking
`g77'-compiled code with C++ is that the prototypes for the `g77'
routines must specify C linkage to avoid name mangling.  So, use an
`extern "C"' declaration.  `f2c''s `-C++' option will take care of this
when generating skeletons or prototype files as above, and also avoid
clashes with C++ reserved words in addition to those in C.


File: g77.info,  Node: Startup Code,  Prev: C++ Considerations,  Up: Interoperating with C and C++

Startup Code
------------

   Unlike with some runtime systems, it shouldn't be necessary (unless
there are bugs) to use a Fortran main program unit to ensure the
runtime--specifically the I/O system--is initialized.

   However, to use the `g77' intrinsics `GETARG' and `IARGC', either
the `main' routine from the `libg2c' library must be used, or the
`f_setarg' routine (new as of version 0.5.23 of `g77') must be called
with the appropriate `argc' and `argv' arguments prior to the program
calling `GETARG' or `IARGC'.

   To provide more flexibility for mixed-language programming involving
`g77' while allowing for shared libraries, as of version 0.5.23,
`g77''s `main' routine in `libg2c' does the following, in order:

  1. Calls `f_setarg' with the incoming `argc' and `argv' arguments, in
     the same order as for `main' itself.

     This sets up the command-line environment for `GETARG' and `IARGC'.

  2. Calls `f_setsig' (with no arguments).

     This sets up the signaling and exception environment.

  3. Calls `f_init' (with no arguments).

     This initializes the I/O environment, though that should not be
     necessary, as all I/O functions in `libf2c' are believed to call
     `f_init' automatically, if necessary.

     (A future version of `g77' might skip this explicit step, to speed
     up normal exit of a program.)

  4. Arranges for `f_exit' to be called (with no arguments) when the
     program exits.

     This ensures that the I/O environment is properly shut down before
     the program exits normally.  Otherwise, output buffers might not
     be fully flushed, scratch files might not be deleted, and so on.

     The simple way `main' does this is to call `f_exit' itself after
     calling `MAIN__' (in the next step).

     However, this does not catch the cases where the program might
     call `exit' directly, instead of using the `EXIT' intrinsic
     (implemented as `exit_' in `libf2c').

     So, `main' attempts to use the operating environment's `onexit' or
     `atexit' facility, if available, to cause `f_exit' to be called
     automatically upon any invocation of `exit'.

  5. Calls `MAIN__' (with no arguments).

     This starts executing the Fortran main program unit for the
     application.  (Both `g77' and `f2c' currently compile a main
     program unit so that its global name is `MAIN__'.)

  6. If no `onexit' or `atexit' is provided by the system, calls
     `f_exit'.

  7. Calls `exit' with a zero argument, to signal a successful program
     termination.

  8. Returns a zero value to the caller, to signal a successful program
     termination, in case `exit' doesn't exit on the system.

   All of the above names are C `extern' names, i.e. not mangled.

   When using the `main' procedure provided by `g77' without a Fortran
main program unit, you need to provide `MAIN__' as the entry point for
your C code.  (Make sure you link the object file that defines that
entry point with the rest of your program.)

   To provide your own `main' procedure in place of `g77''s, make sure
you specify the object file defining that procedure *before* `-lg2c' on
the `g77' command line.  Since the `-lg2c' option is implicitly
provided, this is usually straightforward.  (Use the `--verbose' option
to see how and where `g77' implicitly adds `-lg2c' in a command line
that will link the program.  Feel free to specify `-lg2c' explicitly,
as appropriate.)

   However, when providing your own `main', make sure you perform the
appropriate tasks in the appropriate order.  For example, if your
`main' does not call `f_setarg', make sure the rest of your application
does not call `GETARG' or `IARGC'.

   And, if your `main' fails to ensure that `f_exit' is called upon
program exit, some files might end up incompletely written, some
scratch files might be left lying around, and some existing files being
written might be left with old data not properly truncated at the end.

   Note that, generally, the `g77' operating environment does not
depend on a procedure named `MAIN__' actually being called prior to any
other `g77'-compiled code.  That is, `MAIN__' does not, itself, set up
any important operating-environment characteristics upon which other
code might depend.  This might change in future versions of `g77', with
appropriate notification in the release notes.

   For more information, consult the source code for the above routines.
These are in `gcc/f/runtime/libF77/', named `main.c', `setarg.c',
`setsig.c', `getarg_.c', and `iargc_.c'.

   Also, the file `gcc/f/com.c' contains the code `g77' uses to
open-code (inline) references to `IARGC'.


File: g77.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Debugging and Interfacing,  Prev: Other Languages,  Up: Top

Installing GNU Fortran
**********************

   The following information describes how to install `g77'.

   The information in this file generally pertains to dealing with
*source* distributions of `g77' and `gcc'.  It is possible that some of
this information will be applicable to some *binary* distributions of
these products--however, since these distributions are not made by the
maintainers of `g77', responsibility for binary distributions rests with
whoever built and first distributed them.

   Nevertheless, efforts to make `g77' easier to both build and install
from source and package up as a binary distribution are ongoing.

* Menu:

* Prerequisites::          Make sure your system is ready for `g77'.
* Problems Installing::    Known trouble areas.
* Settings::               Changing `g77' internals before building.
* Quick Start::            The easier procedure for non-experts.
* Complete Installation::  For experts, or those who want to be: the details.
* Distributing Binaries::  If you plan on distributing your `g77'.

