-------------------------------------------------------------
        See file ADDEND22.TXT for updated information.
-------------------------------------------------------------















                Stable (TM) Technical Graphs

                         Version 2.0

                 Evaluation Reference Guide

                          Apr 1994



                WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.
                        P.O.Box 4106
                Highlands Ranch, CO 80126-0100

                  Voice/Fax: (303) 470-6323


                       Electronic Mail:
                    CompuServe - 70244,2371
             Internet - 70244.2371@compuserve.com


                                                                   ii


     Copyright (c) 1990-1995 by WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.
                       All Rights Reserved

                Software Component CTL3D.DLL
         Copyright (c) 1991-1992 by Microsoft Corp.


No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means or for any purpose without the express written
permission of WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.  Information in this document
is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment by WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license
agreement.  It is against the law to copy this software under any
circumstances except as provided by the stated license agreement
found herein.


Trademarks

   WINTERRA and Stable are trademarks of WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.
   Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
   Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
   Quicken is a registered trademark of Intuit, Inc.
   CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe Incorporated.
   Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
   MetaStock is a trademark of EQUIS International.

                                                                 iii

****************** IMPORTANT WARRANTY INFORMATION *****************

                     Stable Technical Graphs
                           Version 2.0

           *** PLEASE READ THIS INFORMATION CAREFULLY ***
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

TRIAL USE (EVALUATION VERSION) WARRANTY:
----------------------------------------
The evaluation (trial use) version of Stable Technical Graphs is
provided "AS IS".

WINTERRA Software Group, Inc. makes no warranties of any kind,
expressed or implied, that this program is error free or that any
supplied data or other program information is accurate or complete.
No representation or warranties are made as to the completeness,
accuracy, or precision of this program.

ALL WARRANTIES (INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE) ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.  THIS SOFTWARE
AND ALL PROGRAM FILES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE USER MUST ASSUME
THE ENTIRE RISK OF USING THIS PROGRAM.

REGISTERED VERSION ONLY WARRANTY:
---------------------------------
WINTERRA Software Group, Inc. warrants the physical diskette(s) and 
physical documentation provided with registered versions to be
free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of
ninety days from the date of registration.  If WINTERRA Software
Group, Inc. receives notification within the warranty period of defects
in materials or workmanship, and such notification is determined
by WINTERRA Software Group, Inc. to be correct, WINTERRA Software Group
Inc. will replace the defective diskette(s) or documentation.

ALL WARRANTIES (INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE) ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.  THIS SOFTWARE
AND ALL PROGRAM FILES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE USER MUST ASSUME
THE ENTIRE RISK OF USING THIS PROGRAM.

The entire and exclusive liability and remedy for breach of this
Limited Warranty shall be limited to the replacement of defective
diskette(s) or documentation and shall not include or extend to
any claim for or right to recover any other damages, including
but not limited to, loss of profits or other trading losses
incurred as a result of any decision or action taken on your part
based upon information provided, implied, or suggested by this
product, loss of data, or use of the software, or special,
incidental, or consequential damages or other similar claims, even
if WINTERRA Software Group, Inc. has been specifically advised of the
possibility of such damages.  In no event will WINTERRA Software
Group, Inc. liability for any damages to you or any other person ever
exceed the lower of the suggested list price or actual price paid
for the license to use the software, regardless of any form of the
claim.

                                                                  iv

CONTENTS
--------

Chapter 1   Introduction
   1.1  What Is Stable Investment Software? ...............1-1
   1.2  Features ..........................................1-2
   1.3  Distribution Files ................................1-3
   1.4  Installing Stable and System Requirements .........1-4
   1.5  If Stable Won't Run ...............................1-5
   1.6  Backup Your Files .................................1-5

Chapter 2   Registration
   2.1  Software License Agreement ........................2-1
   2.2  Registration Form .................................2-2

Chapter 3   Keyboard Interface
   3.1  Stable Keys .......................................3-1

Chapter 4   Commands
   4.1  File Menu Commands ................................4-1
   4.2  Configure Menu Commands ...........................4-1
   4.3  Options Menu Commands .............................4-2
   4.4  Graph Menu Commands ...............................4-3
   4.5  Select Menu Commands ..............................4-3
   4.6  Window Menu .......................................4-4

Chapter 5   Procedures
   5.1  Adding/Removing Additional Graphs on a Chart ......5-1
   5.2  Adding New Attachments ............................5-1
   5.3  Adjusting Chart and Graph Sizes ...................5-2
   5.4  Automatic Price Graph Labeling ....................5-3
   5.5  Changing a Graph's Drawing Style ..................5-4
   5.6  Changing Graph Colors (and Horizontal Grids) ......5-4
   5.7  Changing and Removing Attachments .................5-4
   5.8  Displaying Graph Data .............................5-5
   5.9  Displaying Moving Averages on a Graph .............5-6
   5.10 Displaying a Price Channel ........................5-6
   5.11 Drag and Drop .....................................5-7
   5.12 Dynamic Data Exchange  (DDE) ......................5-7
   5.13 Exporting Chart Data To An ASCII Data File ........5-8
   5.14 Printing Charts ...................................5-9
   5.15 Scrolling Through a Graph .........................5-9
   5.16 Selecting a Graph .................................5-10
   5.17 Selecting a Printer and Options ...................5-10
   5.18 Setting the Number of Horizontal Grids ............5-10
   5.19 Popup Graph Menu ..................................5-11
   5.20 The "Slide" .......................................5-11
   5.21 Opening Financial Charts ..........................5-11
   5.22 Formatting the Printed Page .......................5-12
   5.23 Financial Chart Groups ............................5-12
   5.24 Chart Options .....................................5-13
   5.25 File Import Options ...............................5-14
   5.26 Font Options ......................................5-15
   5.27 Graph Color Options ...............................5-15

                                                                   v
CONTENTS (Cont'd)
-----------------

Chapter 6   Data Files
   6.1  ASCII Data Files ..................................6-1
   6.2  General Format ....................................6-2
   6.3  Examples ..........................................6-3
   6.4  Historical Data Suppliers .........................6-5

Chapter 7   Dynamic Data Exchange
   7.1  Programmer's Reference ............................7-1
        7.1.1  Application (Service) Name .................7-1
        7.1.2  Topics .....................................7-2
        7.1.3  DDE Request Transactions ...................7-2
        7.1.4  DDE Execute Transactions ...................7-4
        7.1.5  DDE Poke Transaction .......................7-6
   7.2  Stable DDE Communications with Excel ..............7-6
        7.2.1  Open HRB Macro .............................7-7
        7.2.2  Poke HRB Macro .............................7-7
        7.2.3  Show HRB Macro .............................7-8
        7.2.4  Supported =EXECUTE() Commands ..............7-8

Chapter 8   Technical Indicators
   8.1  Moving Averages ...................................8-2
   8.2  Negative/Positive Volume Indexes (NVI/PVI) ........8-3
   8.3  On-Balance Volume .................................8-3
   8.4  Oscillators (Price and Volume) ....................8-3
   8.5  Price Channel (Trading Band) ......................8-4
   8.6  Price Momentum ....................................8-4
   8.7  Rate of Change (Price and Volume) .................8-5
   8.8  Volume ............................................8-5
   8.9  Negative/Positive Volume Trend (NVT/PVT) ..........8-5
   8.10 Weighted Close ....................................8-5
   8.11 Commodity Channel Index (CCI) .....................8-6
   8.12 Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) ......8-6
   8.13 Open Interest .....................................8-6
   8.14 Relative Strength .................................8-7
   8.15 Relative Strength Indicator (RSI) .................8-7
   8.16 Stochastic ........................................8-8
   8.17 Performance .......................................8-8
   8.18 Point & Figure ....................................8-8



                     Chapter 1  Introduction


1.1  What Is Stable Investment Software?
----------------------------------------
Stable (TM) Investment Software is planned as an integrated set
of programs seeking to provide both experienced and novice
investors and traders with useful software tools focusing on the
study of the financial markets.

It is the goal of WINTERRA Software Group, Inc. to provide useful, easy
to use programs, beneficial in meeting your day to day investment needs.
It is hoped that you, as an interested and/or experienced user of
market related software, will provide comments and suggestions
assisting us in meeting this goal.  You are encouraged to let us
know what you think of the product - and what features and/or
functionality are important to you.

This software program - Technical Graphs - addresses one specific 
area of financial market investing; the analysis and study of market
movement and direction through the interpretation of technically-
oriented graphs.

Stable Technical Graphs can be used to graph data associated with
individual stocks, mutual funds, commodities, interest rates, major
stock and bond indexes (i.e., Dow Jones, Standard & Poor's, Lehman
Brothers, etc.) - essentially any data that has (at a minimum) a
date and price value associated with it.

                                                    Introduction  1-2


1.2  Features
-------------
Stable Technical Graphs v2.0 is a financial technical analysis
application for Microsoft Windows 3.1 and above, and contains
many of your most requested features.  Written for experienced
and novice users alike, Stable provides powerful - yet easy to
use - stock market technical analysis capabilities ideal for
the technical trader with existing (or access to) historical
financial data for stocks, bonds, commodities, mutual funds,
indexes, and options.

Combining popular technical indicators with features such as
DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange), chart printing, selectable graph
styles, new data import/export formats, popup graph menus,
enhanced desktop management features, and more - Stable
Technical Graphs is likely to become an indispensible tool in
your Windows financial tools arsenal.

Stable Technical Graphs reads TC2000, CSI, Technical Tools,
MetaStock, and ASCII data files; allowing you to use your
existing data more effectively.  All Stable charts support
selectable zoom and horizontal scrolling - giving you the
ability to study as many as 16,384 units (days, weeks, etc.)
of data in a single graph. And when you identify a chart
worthy of more attention, simply print it to your system
printer.

All Stable Technical Graphs charts provide an easy to use
"slider" for accurately comparing a specific day's activity
across several graphs.  Also available is an application
"toolbar" providing single mouse click operation of frequently
used charting operations and tools.

   Exciting features found in Stable Technical Graphs include:

     o    Financial groups for organizing and collecting individual
          charts into common groups.
     o    Chart templates for default chart configuration at both
          the application and group level.
     o    Automatic loading of a financial group at startup.
     o    Multi-data charts for analyzing several underlying
          securities within the same chart.
     o    Interactive chart drawing tools; including trend
          lines, speed resistance lines, and text attachments
          can be drawn and saved with any chart.
     o    All charts are scalable along the X and Y axis - and
          include chart zoom and selectable area
          functionality.  As many as 16,384 days of data are
          supported for each and every chart.
     o    Over 20 technical indicators including Point & Figure,
          Stochastic, MACD, Performance, and more.
     o    Chart data can be exported to various ASCII file
          formats; including the price history format used to
          import into Quicken(TM).

                                                    Introduction  1-3


     o    Improved desktop chart management has been provided
          using the standard Microsoft Windows Multiple
          Document Interface (MDI).
     o    Up to 8 technical analysis indicators can be created
          on each chart.
     o    Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) support has been built
          in - allowing you to communicate directly with any
          Stable chart through the use of third-party software
          (such as Microsoft Excel) to open, print, display -
          or to dynamically add new data to a chart.
     o    "Drag and Drop" support is available - allowing CSV
          and Technical Tools data files to be opened simply
          by "dragging" a file from the File Manager directly
          to the Stable application window or icon.
     o    User-selectable graph styles; including High/Low
          Bar, Line, and Histogram graphs.
     o    Popup menu support within any graph allowing you to
          quickly perform many common graph functions.
     o    On-line help documentation using the standard
          Window's Help program.
     o    All chart and graph colors are easily selected and
          changed to suit your own personal preference.


1.3  Distribution Files
-----------------------
The following files are included as part of the Stable Technical
Graphs shareware distribution package:

   STABLE.EXE    Stable Technical Graphs Windows Program File
   STABLE.HLP    Stable Technical Graphs Windows Help File
   STABLE.XLM    Excel macro sheet demonstrating DDE features
   STABLE.INI    Stable Technical Graphs Initialization File
   STABLE.TXT    Stable Technical Graphs User Reference Manual
   ADDEND21.TXT  Version 2.10 addendum information

   AAPL.CSV      Sample ASCII data - Apple Computer
   DJ30.CSV      Sample ASCII data - Dow Jones Industrials
   HRB.CSV       Sample ASCII data - H&R Block

   CTL3D.DLL     Required DLL for Dialog appearance

   FILE_ID.DIZ   Description for BBS systems.
   VENDINFO.DIZ  ASP Product Information File

   README.TXT    Important last-minute information.
   ORDERFRM.TXT  Registration information and order form.
   PACKING.LST   Shareware distribution file list.
   VENDOR.TXT    Information and restrictions for disk vendors,
   DESCRIBE.TXT  Sample descriptions for catalogs, BBSs, etc.
   LICENSE.TXT   Important License and Usage Information

Please take the time to read the above files (at least those that
pertain to you as a individual user, vendor, or sysop).

                                                    Introduction  1-4

      
1.4  Installing Stable and System Requirements
----------------------------------------------
Stable Technical Graphs is a Microsoft Windows application and
requires the following minimum configuration for operation:

   - Microsoft Windows version 3.1 and above.
   - 4MB RAM memory
   - VGA Display (640 x 480) or larger
   - System pointing device (i.e., mouse, trackball, etc.)
   - System printer (optional for printing charts)

When executing Stable v2.0, all of the above files MUST BE available
at runtime; either from the current directory or a directory found
in your AUTOEXEC.BAT "PATH=" statement.

The data files that have been provided with the product allow you to
immediately use the program in your own environment.  While these
(and other) data files can be placed in any directory, you may want
to at least keep all of the Stable distribution files together within
the same directory.

If you have a compressed copy of the Stable Technical Graphs
package (ie, STABLE.ZIP, STABLE.ARC, STABLE.LHZ), the simplest
installation procedure is:

   1.  Create a new subdirectory on your system called \STABLE.
   2.  Copy the compressed Stable distribution file to this new
       directory.
   3.  Decompress the Stable file using the appropriate decompression
       program (PKUNZIP.EXE for .ZIP file, PKXARC.EXE for .ARC, etc.)
   4.  Reboot your system.

If you have received the Stable Technical Graphs package as the
complete set of uncompressed individual files listed in Section 1.3
"Distribution Files", perform the same steps as above with the
exception of step 3).

As a final step to installation, you should consider removing the
file named STABLE.INI from your Windows directory if you have a
previous version of Stable installed.  In order to support many of
the enhanced features of Stable v2.0, several changes have been
made to the file's syntax.

                                                    Introduction  1-5


If you delete the STABLE.INI file, you will have to save any chart
configuration information once again.  If you do not delete the
file, Stable will still operate, however, it will not recognize any
previously save configuration information anyway.

1.5  If Stable Won't Run
------------------------
If you try and run Stable Technical Graphs and encounter a Windows
error message similar to the following...

        CANNOT FIND CTL3D.DLL, PLEASE INSERT IN DRIVE A:

...this indicates an invalid installation of Stable on your computer.
If you installed all the Stable distribution files into a single
directory, then all you need to do is include the directory name
in your PATH statement - AND REBOOT YOUR COMPUTER.  Any changes made
to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file will not become effective until after a
system restart.


1.6  Backup Your Files
----------------------
Before you actually begin using Stable Technical Graphs, it is
strongly suggested that you at least perform the following task:

       !BACKUP YOUR STABLE DISTRIBUTION FILES OR DISKETTE!

Accidents do happen!  While there may not be any way to prevent the
loss of your program, you can take action now to help avoid the 
problem of being without it in the future.  Making a backup copy now
is insurance that you won't have to be without Stable Technical
Graphs when you need it.
     


                     Chapter 2  Registration


SITE LICENSES are available.  Contact WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.
for pricing information and a site license agreement.


2.1  Software License Agreement
-------------------------------
Stable Investment Software - Technical Graphs is a copyrighted
product protected by copyright law.  You are authorized to use this
copy of Stable Technical Graphs for a period of 30 days for your
own personal evaluation.  You may also distribute copies of this
evaluation version to friends and associates - so long as all
conditions identified in the LICENSE.TXT text file are met.

    User Groups, Computer Clubs, Disk Vendors and Distributors,
    Subscription Services, Disk-of-the-Month Clubs, etc., should
    refer to the VENDOR.TXT file for complete information relating
    to them.

    BBS SYSOPs should refer to the SYSOP.TXT file for complete
    information relating to them.

To become a licensed user of Stable Technical Graphs, simply
fill out and return the supplied registration form along with your
registration payment.  The registration form can be found on
Page 2-3, or you can use the form found in the file ORDERFRM.TXT.

As a licensed user, you will:

   o  Receive the latest version of Stable Technical Graphs.

   o  Receive a comprehensive User's Manual for the product.

   o  Receive minor updates to the program as they become
      available - INCLUDING all new technical indicators
      added to the product.

   o  Be notified of all new major product releases.  As a
      licensed user you will be offered major version releases
      at a substantially reduced and favorable rate.

   o  Receive technical support by phone, mail, or electronic mail
      via CompuServe.

                                                    Registration  2-2


2.2  Registration Form
----------------------
To purchase a licensed version of Stable Technical Graphs, please
return this registration form along with your check, postal money
order (drawn on U.S. FUNDS ONLY please), or credit card information
and mail to:

                    WINTERRA Software Group, Inc.
                            P.O.Box 4106
                   Highlands Ranch, CO 80126-0100
                      Voice/Fax: (303) 470-6323

The pricing for Stable Technical Graphs is forty-nine dollars and
ninety-five cents ($49.95) for a single user license.  This price
includes any applicable Colorado sales tax.  Site licenses are also
available - contact us for detailed information.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

   Name: __________________________________________________________
           
Company: __________________________________________________________

Address: __________________________________________________________

   City: ____________________________  State: ______  Zip: ________

  Phone: (______)____________________  Fax: (______)_______________

   Date: __________________  Email: _______________________________


  Format: [__]  3 1/2" 720-KB    [__] 5 1/4" 360-KB

Quantity: [__]  Stable Technical Graphs      @$49.95  $____________

                Shipping/Handling/Customs
          [__]  U.S.                         @$ 4.00  $____________
          [__]  Canada/Mexico                @$ 6.00  $____________
          [__]  International                @$12.00  $____________

                                               TOTAL  $____________

===================================================================

      Method of Payment: [___] Check  [___] Credit Card

Credit Card Information: [___] Visa   [___] Mastercard

        Card Number: ___________________________________

       Name on Card: ___________________________________

    Expiration Date: ___________________________________

          Signature: ___________________________________

===================================================================
     


                     Chapter 3  Keyboard Interface


3.1  Stable Keys
----------------
The following describes specific keys that are available while 
running Stable Technical Graphs program.

Key(s)            Function
----------------  --------------------------------------------------
F1                Displays the Help window.
Ctrl+O            Selects a new chart.
Ctrl+D            Show/Hide the data display.
Ctrl+A            Displays the "Attachments" dialog box.
Ctrl+P            Displays the "Parameters" dialog box.
Ctrl+I            Displays the "Indicators" dialog box.
Ctrl+Z            Toggles the zoom mode for the active chart.
Ctrl+Left Arrow   Moves the chart's slide to the left.
Ctrl+Right Arrow  Moves the chart's slide to the right.
Tab               Changes the active graph within a chart.
Shift+Tab         Changes the active graph within a chart
Home              Scrolls to the first page of security information.
End               Scrolls to the last page of security information.

PgUp              Scrolls back a page of security data.
PgDn              Scrolls forward a page of security data.
Up Arrow          Scrolls back a "line" of security data.
Down Arrow        Scrolls forward a "line" of security data.


The following key sequences are used when drawing lines or placing
text onto a graph.

Key(s)            Function
----------------  --------------------------------------------------
Shift+Left Button Selects a graph area to zoom.
Ctrl Key Pressed  Holding down the Ctrl key while drawing either
                  freehand or speed resistance lines will extend the
                  line to the edge of the graph.
     


                       Chapter 4  Commands


4.1  File Menu Commands
-----------------------
The File menu includes functions for opening and closing charts,
exporting chart data, and printing a chart.

Open Chart...
        Opens a securities chart using existing financial data in
        one of the supported file formats.

Close Chart
        Closes the active chart, removing it from the current group.

Export Chart Data...
        Exports the active chart's price data in various ASCII file
        formats, including the price import format used by Quicken.

Page Setup...
        Allows you to select or set page specific information related
        to the printing of a chart.

Printer Setup...
        Allows you to select and configure the printer that you want
        to use for printing your securities charts.

Print Chart...
        Prints the active chart to the printer.

Exit
        Exits Stable Technical Graphs.


4.2  Group Menu Commands
------------------------
Stable Technical Graphs provides a feature for organizing
and collecting a number of individual charts into a common
group.  These financial groups can contain almost any
collection of one or more securities meeting your specific
analysis needs.

For example, a group might contain a collection of market
indexes.  Another group might contain all the securities in
your portfolio, while another might include mutual funds of
a particular sector group.  The choice of securities is
totally up to you.
     
                                                        Commands  4-2


The Group menu includes functions used specifically for security
groups.

New
        Create a new group.

Open...
        Open a previously saved securities group.

Save
        Save the current group.

Save As...
        Save the current group as a new group name.

Print All Charts...
        Print all charts contained within the group.


4.3  Tools Menu Commands
------------------------
The Tools menu includes functions used for drawing lines and text to
a graph.

Normal
        Reset the current drawing mode to normal.

Auto Line Extension
        Enables or disables the automatic extension of lines drawn
        on a chart.  If this selection is checked, lines are
        automatically extended to the edge of the graph.

Select
        Select an area of the graph to zoom into.

Text...
        Draw text onto a chart.

Trend Line
        Draw a free-hand trendline on the graph.

Vertical Line
        Draw a vertical line at a specific location on a graph.

Horizontal Line
        Draw a horizontal line at a specific location on a graph.

Speed Resistance
        Draw speed resistance lines between two points on a graph.
     
                                                        Commands  4-3


4.4  Options Menu Commands
--------------------------
The Options menu includes functions for configuring Stable Technical
Graphs.

Chart
        Allows you to specify various characteristics associated with
        securities charts; including text display, scrolling limits,
        chart grid lines, and Point & Figure marker size.

File Import
        Allows you to specify the number of most recent financial
        data units used when opening a chart, and identifying the
        default ASCII data formats for files lacking the standard
        header.  

Fonts
        Use this function to select the style of fonts you want to
        use for chart labeling, data display, and the status bar.

Graph
        Allows you to select the default colors and number of grids
        used for new charts.


4.5  Graph Menu Commands
------------------------
The Graph menu includes selections that control the appearance of a
graph; including the type of graph, parameters specific to the graph,
the graph's colors, and if the graph should display its data.

Display Data
        Toggles the data display window on or off.

Attachments...
        Allows the editing and removal of existing graph attachments.

Parameters...
        Allows you to change graph-specific data parameters.  The
        availability of this selection is dependent upon the current
        graph.  Not all graphs will support this option.

        The Price Graph allows you to control the display of moving
        averages and a Price Channel on the Price Graph.

High/Low Bar
Line
Histogram
        These menu selections allow you to change the appearance of
        the currently selected graph.  The availability of each
        option is dependent upon the type of graph.
     
                                                        Commands  4-4


Zoom In
Zoom Out
        Toggle between the display of all chart data, and the display
        of a fixed amount of data (scrollable).

Indicators...
        Allows you to select an indicator from a list of available 
        Indicator Graphs.  Specific items in the list are dependent
        upon the data content of the security.  For example, if
        volume data is not available for the security, a Volume Graph
        will not be available as an Indicator Graph selection.


4.6  Window Menu Commands
-------------------------
The Window menu provides functions for managing the display of all
charts in a group.

Cascade
        Displays all charts as cascading windows.

Tile Vertical
        Displays all charts as vertically tiled windows.

Tile Horizontal
        Displays all charts as horizontally tiled windows.

Arrange Icons
        Arranges the display of all minimized charts.

Close All
        Closes (removes) all charts from the group.
     


                       Chapter 5  Procedures


This chapter describes those procedures that are most commonly used
in Stable Technical Graphs.  Note that adding or modifying attachments
can only be performed when the chart is displaying all of its data
within the window.


5.1  Adding/Removing Technical Indicators
-----------------------------------------
You can have as many as eight (8) technical indicators on
each chart for analyzing and studying the underlying
financial data.

To add or remove technical indicators:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Select Indicators... from the Graph Menu.
          -OR-
          Click on the Ind button at the lower right corner
          of the chart.
     3.   In the Technical Indicators dialog, add indicators
          from the list on the left - or remove indicators
          from the list on the right.
     4.   Click the OK button to accept your changes.

5.2  Adding New Attachments
---------------------------
Attachments are graphical elements such as lines and text
which you place on a graph.  To add an attachment, perform
the following procedures.

To add an attachment:
     1.   Select the attachment you want to add from the
          Tools menu.
          -OR-
          Click the desired attachment button on the
          toolbar.
     2.   Move the mouse to the location on the graph where
          you want to place the attachment. The mouse cursor
          appearance changes to the selected attachment
          type.

Once the above steps have been performed, various actions
occur depending on your selected attachment type:

Text attachment:
     3.   Click the left mouse button to drop the attachment
          onto the graph.
     4.   Enter the text and select the colors, alignment,
          and other styles from the available options - then
          press the OK button.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-2


Trend line attachment:
     3.   Click and hold the left mouse button to anchor the
          first endpoint, then move the mouse to the
          location where you want the second endpoint to be.
     4.   Release the left mouse button to complete the
          trend line.
          Tip: Holding the Ctrl key down during the above
          procedure will extend the line beyond the second
          endpoint to the edge of the graph.

Vertical and horizontal line attachment:
     3.   Click the left mouse button to draw the vertical
          or horizontal line.  The line is drawn to the
          edges of the graph.

Speed resistance line attachment:
     3.   Click and hold the left mouse button to anchor the
          first endpoint, then move the mouse to the
          location where you want the second endpoint to be.
     4.   Release the left mouse button to complete the
          speed resistance line.  Two lines originating from
          the "earlier" endpoint are drawn, each
          representing the 1/3 and 2/3 speed resistance
          points.
          Tip: Holding the Ctrl key down during the above
          procedure will extend the lines beyond the second
          endpoint to the edge of the graph.

Additional Notes:
     o    Trend and speed resistance line extension can be
          performed either by holding the Ctrl key down
          while drawing the line, or by selecting Auto Line
          Extension from the Tool menu before selecting the
          attachment type.
     o    The color and style of all lines can be selected
          prior to drawing from the color and style combo
          boxes found in the program's toolbar.


5.3  Adjusting Chart and Graph Sizes
------------------------------------
As more charts are added to a financial group, you may want
to change the size of the charts to accommodate the optimal
viewing of each chart.  When new technical indicator graphs
are placed within a chart, the size of the price graph
changes to make room for these additional graphs.

To adjust the size and location of charts:

     Charts are effectively standard windows that support
     the normal window management techniques found in the
     Microsoft Windows environment.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-3


     You can resize any chart window by clicking on the
     border of the window and dragging the sizing rectangle
     until the desired size is set.  You can reposition a
     window by clicking on the window's title and dragging
     the window to a new location.

     Additionally, you can perform standard tiling and
     cascading of financial chart windows by choosing the
     appropriate selection from the Window menu.

To interactively change the size of the Price Graph (only
when one or more technical indicators are visible):

     1.   Move the mouse to the location between the Price
          Graph and the first technical indicator graph
          until the mouse cursor changes to a double
          vertical arrow.
     2.   Press and hold down the left mouse button.
     3.   Move the mouse vertically to set the new bottom of
          the Price Graph.  As you move the mouse, a
          horizontal line is drawn to identify the new
          bottom of the Price Graph.
     4.   Release the mouse to set the new Price Graph size.

5.4  Automatic Price Graph Labeling
-----------------------------------
Stable provides the option of automatically labeling your
Price graphs.  When this option is selected, Stable
determines the available space on the Price graph and
automatically generates horizontal grids and labels that
optimally fit within this space.

To select automatic labeling for your Stable charts:
     1.   Select Chart... from the Options menu.
     2.   Check the box labeled "Automatic Price Graph
          Labeling".

To use normal text labeling on your Stable charts:
     1.   Select Chart... from the Options menu.
     2.   Clear the box labeled "Automatic Price Graph
          Labeling".
     
                                                      Procedures  5-4


5.5  Changing a Graph's Drawing Style
-------------------------------------
The drawing style for a graph can be changed so that you can
interpret the data more easily.  Stable supports three basic
drawing styles; a High/Low Bar graph, a Line graph, and a
Histogram.  The High/Low Bar style is available only for the
Price graph.

To change the drawing style for a graph:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Select High/Low Bar, Line, or Histogram from the
          Graph menu on the chart.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select High/Low Bar, Line, or Histogram from the
          menu.

5.6  Changing Graph Colors (and Horizontal Grids)
-------------------------------------------------
You can change the colors (and the number of horizontal
grids) for any graph displayed in a chart.

To change a graph's colors:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Choose Parameters... from the Graph menu.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select Parameters... from the menu.

5.7  Changing and Removing Attachments
--------------------------------------
Attachments are graphical elements such as lines and text
which you place on a graph.  To remove or make changes to an
attachment, perform the following steps.

To access the list of all attachments on a graph:
     1.   Select Attachments... from the Graph menu.
          -OR-
          Click the right mouse button on the graph and
          select Attachments... from the popup menu.
     2.   Choose Delete or Edit... to remove or change the
          attachment.

To change the location of an attachment:
     1.   Click and hold the left mouse button over the
          attachment and drag it to the new location.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-5


To delete an attachment:
     Option 1
     1.   Select Attachments... from the Graph menu.
          -OR-
          Click the right mouse button on the graph and
          select Attachments... from the popup menu.
     2.   Select the attachment from the list and choose the
          Delete button.
     
     Option 2
     1.   Double-click on the attachment in the graph.
     2.   Choose Delete from the displayed dialog to remove
          the attachment.

To change the color or style of an attachment:
     Option 1
     1.   Select Attachments... from the Graph menu.
          -OR-
          Click the right mouse button on the graph and
          select Attachments... from the popup menu.
     2.   Select the attachment from the list and choose the
          Edit... button.
     
     Option 2
     1.   Double-click on the attachment in the graph.
     2.   Make changes to the information in the displayed
          dialog and choose the Ok button.

5.8  Displaying Graph Data
--------------------------
For any graph displayed in a chart, you can choose to have
the graph display the underlying data on which it is based.
One "day" of data is displayed based on the current position
of the slide.

To display the data associated with a graph:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Select Display Data from the Graph Menu on the
          chart.
          -OR-
          Press CTRL+D on the keyboard.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select Data Display from the menu.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-6



5.9  Displaying Moving Averages on a Graph
------------------------------------------
As many as three (3) individual moving averages can be
displayed on a price or indicator graph.  In addition to
specifying the number of units for these averages, the type
of average (Simple, Weighted, or Exponential), any shift
factors, and its color can be indicated.

To select and specify a moving average:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Select Parameters... from the Graph Menu on the
          chart.
          -OR-
          Press CTRL+P on the keyboard.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select Parameters... from the menu.

To remove a moving average:
     *    Set the number of units to zero (0) for the
          specific average.

5.10  Displaying a Price Channel
--------------------------------
A price channel can be displayed on a graph along with
moving averages.  In addition to specifying the number of
units for the channel, the type of average (Simple,
Weighted, or Exponential), the shift factors, and its color
can be specified.

To select and specify a price channel:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Select Parameters... from the Graph menu on the
          chart.
          -OR-
          Press CTRL+P on the keyboard.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select Parameters... from the menu.

To remove the price channel:
     *    Set the number of units to zero (0) for the price
          channel.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-7



5.11  Drag and Drop
-------------------
Stable charts can be opened using "Drag and Drop".  By
simply selecting a file from the File Manager, and
"dragging" that file using the mouse into the Stable window
or icon, you can easily create new charts without the need
to interact with the Open Chart dialog.

Stable supports "Drag and Drop" using two types of
historical data files; CSV and Technical Tools data files.
Any other data file format is ignored by Stable.

Refer to your Windows 3.1 documentation for more information
on the Drag and Drop facility of Windows 3.1.


5.12 Dynamic Data Exchange  (DDE)
---------------------------------
Stable Technical Graphs functions as a DDE server
application; responding to client applications by providing
technical graph services in the areas of chart display
management and real-time data update.

In the area of display management, Stable Technical Graphs
provides basic control over the creation and display of
technical charts:

     o    Charts can be opened or created by a DDE client
          application through the use of execute
          transactions issued to Stable as the "SYSTEM"
          topic.
     o    The Stable window can be controlled using DDE
          execute transactions.  Supported commands allow
          the window to be minimized, shown (normal), and
          closed.
     o    Individual charts can be controlled visually
          through DDE execute transactions.  Among the
          supported command actions are minimize, maximize,
          print, show, close, update, and export.

Real-time data update of Stable charts is also supported.
By passing ASCII data record information conforming to the
underlying security's content, new financial data can be
submitted to a Stable chart for immediate update and
display.

For further details about DDE functionality provided by
Stable, refer to the Stable Reference Guide, Stable User's
Guide.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-8


5.13  Exporting Chart Data To An ASCII Data File
------------------------------------------------
Once a chart has been opened, the underlying financial data
(i.e., volume, close, etc.) used to draw the chart can be
saved as an ASCII data file.  This allows you to share the
data with other third-party products such as Quicken(tm),
various spreadsheet programs, and even other technical
analysis applications.  This feature also provides a way of
converting financial data in one format (i.e., MetaStock,
CSI, etc.) to an ASCII file.

To export the active chart's financial data:
     1.   Choose Export Chart Data from the File Menu.
     2.   Specify the name of an output ASCII data file.
     3.   Select other export options from the dialog.
     4.   Select Export New or Export Append to write the
          ASCII data.

To export the chart's price data to a file that can be
imported into Quicken:
     1.   Enter a file name in the File Name box (or choose
          Browse to search for an existing file).
     2.   Select Quicken Historical as the export format.
     3.   Enter the symbol id (i.e., IBM, HRB, etc.)
          matching the id used in your Quicken database.
     4.   Select a data export range.
     5.   Choose Export New to create a new file, or Export
          Append to add the data to the end of an existing
          ASCII file.

To export the chart's price data to an ASCII file that can
be used by Stable:
     1.   Enter a file name in the File Name box (or choose
          Browse to search for an existing file).
     2.   Select CSV (ASCII) as the export format.
     3.   Verify or change the data format to match your new
          file's requirements.  If you are creating a file
          to be used by Stable Technical Graphs, you should
          accept the displayed default (Supported Data
          Formatsgen_formats).
     4.   Check the box for Include Format Header.
     5.   Select a data export range.
     6.   Choose Export New to create a new file.
     
                                                      Procedures  5-9


5.14  Printing Charts
---------------------
You can print individual or every financial chart in a group
from Stable Technical Graphs.  All printing is performed in
a "fit to page" mode - where the chart is printed to fill
the entire printed page within your specified margins.

To print an individual financial chart:
     1.   Choose Print... from the File menu.
          -OR-
          Click on the Print button in the toolbar.

To print all charts in a financial group:
     1.   Select Print All Charts... from the File menu.


5.15  Scrolling Through a Graph
-------------------------------
In some instances you will find that the securities data you
are displaying extends beyond the left and/or right borders
of your graph.  You can gain access to all of the data using
the scroll bar displayed at the bottom of the chart window,
or by using the navigation keys supported by Stable
Technical Graphs.

To scroll forward through your graph data:
     *    Click the right arrow on the scroll bar, or press
          the Down Arrow key, to move forwards your selected
          "arrow" distance.
     *    Click the page right area of the scroll bar, or
          press the PgDn key, to move forward by your
          selected "page" distance.
     *    Press the End key to move to the last page of
          data.

To scroll backwards through your graph data:
     *    Click the left arrow on the scroll bar, or press
          the Up Arrow key,  to move backwards your selected
          "arrow" distance.
     *    Click the page left area of the scroll bar, or
          press the PgDn key, to move backwards your
          selected "page" distance.
     *    Press the Home key to display the first page of
          data.

To scroll to any location within your graph data:
     *    Drag the scroll bar's thumb horizontally along the
          scroll bar and position the date text for the
          desired time range, then release the mouse.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-10


5.16  Selecting a Graph
-----------------------
You can select a graph as the active graph in a chart for
the purpose of changing its display characteristics;
including the display of its underlying data, the type of
chart, its colors, and any other indicator-specific
parameters.

To select a graph within a chart:
     1.   Click anywhere within the graph's border;
          including its display area and label.
          -OR-
          Press Tab or SHIFT+Tab to sequence through all the
          graphs in a chart.


5.17  Selecting a Printer and Options
-------------------------------------
You can select any attached printer to print your securities
charts and also select options specific to the printer.

To change printers and/or specify printer options:
     1.   Choose Printer Setup... from the File menu.
     2.   Select the printer you want to use for printing.
     3.   Choose Options... to change the printer's options.
     4.   Select OK to save the new settings.


5.18  Setting the Number of Horizontal Grids
--------------------------------------------
You can specify the number of horizontal grids displayed on
a graph.  For every displayed grid line, a corresponding
value is shown in the label area of the graph.  If Automatic
Price Graph Labeling has been selected in Chart Options, the
number of horizontal grids will automatically be determined
and this value ignored.

To change the default number of horizontal grids for all new
charts:
     1.   Choose Options Graph Price set the default number
          of horizontal grids displayed on all new Price and
          Indicator Graphs.

To change the number of horizontal grids for a displayed
graph:
     1.   Select the graph by clicking within the graph, or
          by "tabbing" to the graph.
     2.   Choose Parameters... from the Graph Menu.
          -OR-
          Press CTRL+P on the keyboard.
          -OR-
          Activate the popup graph menuproc_popupgrf and
          select Parameters... from the menu.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-11


5.19  Popup Graph Menu
----------------------
Stable provides a method by which you can even more
effectively use your technical charts.  This method allows
you to access some of the more frequently used graph
functions while you concentrate your attention directly on
the graph.

To take advantage of the popup menu support:
     1.   Move the mouse within any visible graph and click
          and hold the right mouse button.
     2.   Make a selection from the popup menu by selecting
          an item, then releasing the right button.


5.20  The "Slide"
-----------------
The slide (which is positioned at the top of each chart) is
used for focusing on a particular day on a chart.

"Attached" to the slide is a vertical line or hair that
provides a mechanism for precise vertical alignment across
all graphs displayed on the chart.  As you move the slide
horizontally, the hair will follow and all data display
areas will be updated with the actual graph data for that
day.

To move the slide horizontally:
     1.   Press CTRL+Left Arrow or CTRL+Right Arrow on the
          keyboard.
          -OR-
          Press and hold down the mouse button over the
          slide, and move the mouse horizontally from side
          to side.


5.21  Opening Financial Charts
------------------------------
Financial charts are created from existing financial data.
Stable Technical Graphs does not provide functionality for
creating financial data files.

To create or open a new chart:
     1.   Select Open Chart... from the File menu.
          -OR-
          Click on the Open Chart button in the toolbar.
     2.   Choose one of the supported Import File Types and
          navigate through your system directories to the
          directory containing the financial data for your
          selected type.
     3.   Select the security name or data file from the
          File Name list box and click the OK button.
          -OR-
          Double-click on the security name or data file
          listed in the File Name list box.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-12


5.22  Formatting the Printed Page
---------------------------------
You can specify the margins used for printing a financial
chart as well as a standard title you want to print on each
chart.

To specify a chart title and page margins:
     1.   Select Page Setup... from the File menu.
     2.   Enter the report heading you want printed on each
          financial chart (Optional).
     3.   Enter the top, bottom, left, and right margin
          values in inches for the chart.
     4.   Click OK to save your new settings.
     

5.23  Financial Chart Groups
----------------------------
Stable Technical Graphs provides a feature for organizing
and collecting a number of individual charts into a common
group.  These financial groups can contain almost any
collection of one or more securities meeting your specific
analysis needs.

For example, a group might contain a collection of market
indexes.  Another group might contain all the securities in
your portfolio, while another might include mutual funds of
a particular sector group.  The choice of securities is
totally up to you.

To create a new financial group:
     1.   Select New from the Group menu
          -OR-
          Click on the New Group button in the toolbar.
     2.   Add new charts to your group by opening each chart
          using the Open Chart... selection on the File menu
          or clicking the Open Chart button on the toolbar.
     3.   Organize the charts in the group by adjusting the
          sizes and positions of each chart.  Include any
          technical indicators with each chart.  List of
          Technical Indicatorsgen_techlist
     4.   Save your new group by selecting Save or Save
          As... from the Group menu (or by clicking the Save
          button on the toolbar).
     5.   Enter a descriptive name for your new group and
          choose the OK button to save the information.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-13

To open an existing financial group:
     1.   Select Open from the Group menu
          -OR-
          Click on the Open Group button in the toolbar.
     2.   Select an existing group to open by choosing a
          name from the Group List and clicking the OK
          button.
          -OR-
          Double-click on the name of the group in the Group
          List box.

To delete an existing financial group:
     1.   Select Open from the Group menu
          -OR-
          Click on the Open Group button in the toolbar.
     2.   Select an existing group to open by choosing a
          name from the Group List.
     3.   Click the Delete button to remove the group.

To change which charts are in the financial group:
     1.   Simply open or delete existing charts from the
          display, and then save the group by selecting Save
          or Save As... from the Group menu - or click the
          Save Group button on the toolbar.


5.24  Chart Options
-------------------
Many of the operational characteristics associated with
Stable charts can be configured to meet your own needs and
preferences.  Among the configurable items available to you
are:

     -    The display of labeling text as 3D or flat, with
          an option for raised or recessed text.
     -    Automatic labeling of price graphs.
     -    The display and use of vertical scroll bars on
          your charts.
     -    Allow color printing.
     -    The distances associated with chart scrolling.
     -    The inclusion/exclusion of horizontal and vertical
          grids - as well as the line style used to display
          them.
     -    The maximum display width of marker characters
          used in Point & Figure graphs.

To modify any of the available chart options:
     1.   Select Chart... from the Options menu.
     2.   Modify or choose from the various configuration
          options.
     3.   Choose OK to save the new settings.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-14


5.25  File Import Options
-------------------------
Stable Technical Graphs allows you to specify the number of
most recent data units you want graphed in each of your
charts, as well as providing a mechanism for importing ASCII
files that do not conform to the normal Stable ASCII file
specification.

Selecting the number of recent data units used in your charts:

    The amount of data loaded into Windows memory for all charts
    is configurable to meet your own personal analysis needs, or
    to address any specific memory constraints or problems you
    might encounter when running the Stable Technical Analysis
    program.

    When Stable Technical Graphs opens a chart, it loads the
    most recent data up to a selected number of units.  The
    number of units is specified by you and can range from 2 up
    to 16,384.

To specify the number of graph units:
     1.   Select File Import... from the Options menu.
     2.   Indicate the maximum number of data units you want
          each graph to contain by entering a value from 2
          to 16,384 in the edit box labeled Most Recent Data
          Units.
     3.   Choose OK to save your selection.  Any chart
          opened after this change is made will contain a
          maximum of the number you specified.

Support for Non-Standard ASCII File Formats:

     Stable Technical Graphs supports the reading of some ASCII
     data files that do not conform to its normal format - such
     as those used by other third-party analysis programs or some
     spreadsheet applications.  Normally, these ASCII files do
     not contain the Data Format record specified by Stable as
     the first record in an ASCII file.

     Through File Import Options, you can specify default ASCII
     file formats which Stable will assume when it encounters a
     file which does not contain the normal data format record.

To specify default file formats:
     1.   Select File Import... from the Options menu.
     2.   Enter the default file format definitions you want
          Stable to assume for ASCII files containing 2, 3,
          4, 5, 6, and 7 fields.
     3.   Choose OK to save your selections.
     
                                                     Procedures  5-15
     

5.26  Font Options
------------------
You can select the font styles used by Stable Technical
Graphs for chart labels, data display, and the status bar
located at the bottom of the program window.  This feature
allows you to optimize your chart's appearance based on the
resolution of your display.

To select a font style:
     1.   Select Font... from the Options menu.
     2.   The currently selected font styles are displayed
          for each appearance selection type.  Choose the
          appearance type to change by clicking on its
          descriptive button.
     3.   Select the font style from the Font dialog and
          choose the OK button to accept the new setting.
     4.   Choose the OK button of the Font Options dialog to
          redisplay using your new font choices.
     

5.27  Graph Color Options
-------------------------
You can select the default colors (and the number of manual
horizontal grids) used when a chart is opened by selecting
Graph... from the Options menu.
To select the default graph colors:
     1.   Select Price... or Indicators... from the Graph
          selection on the Options menu.
     2.   Select the background, foreground, and grid
          colors.  If you are not using the automatic
          labeling feature, enter the number of horizontal
          grids you want for your default graphs.
          Tip: The automatic chart labeling feature should
          normally be used.
     3.   Choose the OK button to save your selected
          settings.
   

                       Chapter 6  Data Files


Stable Technical Graphs can read and chart existing historical
stock market data supplied by you in any of the following formats:

   o  TeleChart 2000 (TC2000)
   o  Technical Tools
   o  Commodity Systems, Inc. (CSI)
   o  MetaStock
   o  ASCII (comma-separated value CSV)


6.1  ASCII Data Files
---------------------
Stable Technical Graphs can read data files containing "flat"
ASCII information - where each record in the file consists of ASCII
data terminated by a carriage return/linefeed combination.  Each
record in the file consists of multiple fields separated by either a
comma (",") or tab character.  White space may freely be interspersed
within the data file.

Stable Technical Graphs itself does not provide facilities for
retrieving or creating the data files that you will graph.  However,
ASCII files can be created or generated in a variety of ways:

   o  Downloading of financial information from online databases such
      as Dow Jones News Retrieval and CompuServe.  Once retrieved,
      this data must usually be editted by you to conform to this
      ASCII file format.

   o  Exporting of data from spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft
      Excel or Lotus 1,2,3.  For example, if you are using Excel,
      simply save your securities data in ".CSV" (comma-separated
      values) format with the necessary header information identified
      in this section.  Read your specific product documentation on
      how to save and/or export spreadsheet files.

   o  Manually using a text editor that can create ASCII file 
      information.  This method would be described as the manual
      method of creating data - where you enter the data printed
      in your local newspaper or business journal.

Almost any type of data can be graphed using Stable Technical 
Graphs, so long as each line of data contains at least a date and a 
closing value.  The closing value can represent any numeric value; 
such as the daily close for a stock or mutual fund, the prime rate
for that day, or the closing Dow Jones Industrial Average.

Stable Technical Graphs reads and interprets ASCII numeric values
found in your data files in a variety of formats:

   o  Floating point decimal values (i.e., 34.65) for data related 
      to such items as market indexes (i.e., DJIA, SP500), mutual 
      funds, and various currency information.

                                                      Data Files  6-2



   o  Standard fractional values (i.e., 64 1/8, 20 1/2) for 
      representing data specific to stocks, options, and corporate 
      bonds.

   o  Special fractional values (i.e., 76:18) for data representing
      1/32ths; such as Government Agency Issues (ie. FNMA, GNMA,
      World Bank) and Treasury Bonds, Notes and Bills.


6.2 General ASCII Format
------------------------
The general format of all ASCII data files that Stable Technical
Graphs can interpret is as follows:

   <Format_String>      <--- Optional for Stable v2.0 and above
   Data_Record_1
   Data_Record_2
         -
         -
   Data_Record_N

<Record_Count> is the number of actual data records in the file
(excluding the <Record_Count> and <Format_String> records).

<Format_String> is a description of the format of each data record
in the file.  This string consists of the characters "DVOHLCI" which 
specifies both the sequence and type of data fields in each record:

   D represents a Date field
       This entry can be either 'D' for daily data, 'W' for weekly
       data, 'Q' for quarterly data, 'M' for monthly data, or 'Y'
       for yearly data.

       Additionally, a modifier character can follow the 'D' entry
       to identify a specific date format as identified below:
       
          0   = mm/dd/yy  (also the default if '0' is omitted)
          1   = mmddyy
          2   = yy/mm/dd
          3   = yymmdd
          4   = dd/mm/yy
          5   = ddmmyy
          9   = Serialized (Lotus-style)

   V represents a  Volume field (or short interest).
   O represents an Open   field.
   H represents a  High   field.
   L represents a  Low    field.
   C represents a  Close  field.
   I represents an Open Interest field.

                                                      Data Files  6-3



Data_Record_n represents each ASCII record in the file, up to 
<Record_Count> entries.  All data records must be of the same field
sequence and contain identical types of fields.


THE FOLLOWING NOTES APPLY TO ALL DATA IMPORTED BY STABLE:

   o No numeric values (ie. volume, open, close, etc.) may be
     formatted with a comma (e.g. Use 12900 instead of 12,900).

   o Holiday data, or any data that includes zero (0) numeric values 
     for volume, open, high, low, or close should not be included in
     any of your data files.

   o Data is not adjusted for splits or ex-dividends by Stable.


6.3  Examples
-------------
The following are examples of various ASCII data files which Stable
Technical Graphs can read.  Each example is a general representation
of a particular market group.  In all examples, the use of the comma
to separate individual fields can be replaced by a tab character in
your actual data.

Market Index:

   DHLC
   1/02/90,2811.60,2732.50,2810.10
   1/03/90,2834.00,2786.30,2809.70
   1/04/90,2821.40,2766.40,2796.00
   1/05/90,2810.10,2758.10,2773.20
   1/08/90,2803.90,2753.40,2794.30

   The above illustrates a file containing 5 data records. Each data
   record contains four fields identified by the "DHLC" line.  The
   sequence of the fields is "D"aily Date, "H"igh, "L"ow, and
   "C"lose.  Decimal values are used for numerics.  Note that 'D0'
   could have also been used to represent this date format.

                                                      Data Files  6-4



Mutual Fund:

   W1C
   010389, 14.28
   011089, 14.69
   011789, 14.67
   012489, 14.90
   013189, 15.28

   The above illustrates a file containing 5 data records. Each data
   record contains two fields identified by the "W1C" line.  The
   sequence of the fields is "W"eekly Date (in MMDDYY form) and
   "C"lose.  Decimal values are used for numerics.

Stock:

   D3VHLC
   900102, 3913, 52 7/8, 52 3/8, 52 3/8
   900103, 3628, 53 3/8, 52 1/8, 53 3/8
   900104, 5057, 54 1/4, 53 1/4, 53 7/8
   900105, 4624, 53 5/8, 53 1/8, 53 3/8
   900106, 5203, 53 1/4, 51 5/8, 52 3/4

   The above illustrates a file containing 5 data records. Each data
   record contains five fields identified by the "DVHLC" line.  The
   sequence of the fields is "D"aily Date (in YYMMDD form), "V"olume,
   "H"igh, "L"ow, and "C"lose.  Volume information is represented as
   a decimal value, while fractional values are used for all others.

U.S. Treasury Strips:

   DC
   "01/03/89",  99:14
   "01/10/89",  99:12
   "01/17/89",  99:21
   "01/24/89", 100:01
   "01/31/89",  99:15

   The above illustrates a file containing 5 data records. Each data
   record contains two fields identified by the "DC" line.  The
   sequence of the fields is "D"aily Date and "C"lose.  Special
   fractional values are used representing 1/32ths.  NOTE the use
   of double-quotes in the data.  Stable Technical Graphs ignores
   these.

                                                      Data Files  6-5


6.4  Historical Data Suppliers
------------------------------
The following list includes those companies that can provide
historical stock market data which can be used directly by Stable
Technical Graphs.  Please contact these companies directly for
product information and pricing.

        TeleChart 2000
        Worden Brothers, Inc.
        4905 Pine Cone Drive, Suite 12
        Durham, NC  27707
        (800) 776-4940 (Sales)
        (919) 408-0542 (Voice)


        Commodity Systems, Inc.
        200 W. Palmetto Park Rd.
        Boca Raton, FL  33432
        (800) 327-0175 (Sales)
        (407) 392-8663 (Voice)
   

        Technical Tools
        334 State Street, Suite 201
        Los Altos, CA  94022
        (800) 231-8005 (Sales)
        (415) 948-6124 (Voice)


The following companies may also be able to provide historical data
in a format compatible with Stable.

        Genesis Financial Data Services
        PO Box 49578
        Colorado Springs, CO  80949
        (719) 260-6111

        Tick Data, Inc.
        720 Kipling Street, Suite 115
        Lakewood, CO  80215
        (303) 232-3701 (Voice)
        (303) 232-0329 (Fax)



                Chapter 7  Dynamic Data Exchange


This chapter summarizes the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) support
provided within Stable Technical Graphs.  Much of the discussion
in this chapter assumes you are familiar with the concept of
interprocess communications using DDE in the Windows environment.

The first section 7.1 addresses DDE communications as it relates
to programming in Windows.  Section 7.2 describes DDE functionality
as it relates to Microsoft Excel usage.

As an additional aid in understanding DDE communications with Stable,
refer to the file STABLE.XLM for an example of not only communicating
with Excel, but also as a reference to the DDE command structures.


7.1  Programmers Reference
--------------------------
This section assumes that you are familiar with the concepts and
functionality associated with DDE Client/Server communications.

Stable Technical Graphs functions as a DDE server application;
responding to client applications by providing technical graph
services in the areas of chart display management and real-time
data update.

In the area of display management, Stable Technical Graphs provides
basic control over the creation and display of technical charts.

   o Charts can be opened or created by a DDE client application
     through the use of execute transactions issued to Stable within
     the "SYSTEM" topic.

   o The main Stable window can be controlled using DDE execute
     transactions.  Supported commands allow the window to be
     minimized, shown (normal), and closed.

   o Individual charts can be controlled visually through DDE
     execute transactions.  Among the supported command actions are
     minimize, maximize, print, show, close, and update.

Real-time data update of Stable charts is also supported.  By passing
ASCII data record information conforming to the underlying security's
content, new financial data can be submitted to a Stable chart for
immediate update and display.


7.1.1  Application (Service) Name
---------------------------------
For all DDE communication connections made to either the main Stable
window or a Stable security chart, use the name "STABLE" as the
application or service name.

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-2


7.1.2  Topics
-------------
The following application topics are supported by Stable.  Generally,
there are two classes of topics; the SYSTEM topic and individual
chart topics.

"SYSTEM"

   The "SYSTEM" topic represents the logical data context associated
   with the main Stable window.  It is through a DDE
   conversation with the "SYSTEM" topic that visual control of the
   main window is performed - as well as creating or opening
   new Stable technical charts through a DDE conversation.

"<chart_name>"

   The "<chart_name>" topic represents a specific Stable chart that
   is currently in existence on the Windows desktop.  The use of the
   label "<chart_name>" in this context represents the actual file or
   security name associated with the window, and is found in the
   window's caption or title bar.

        For example, a chart created from data contained in the
        file "DJ30.CSV" results in a "<chart_name>" of DJ30.CSV.

   DDE conversations with "<chart_name>" topics allows you to control
   the chart's display (ie., minimize, maximize, show, close), the
   printing of the chart, and to dynamically add new data into the
   chart.


7.1.3  DDE Request Transactions
-------------------------------
A client can send request (XTYP_REQUEST) transactions to a Stable
server in order to receive specific information about the server.

The following request "items" are supported within the "SYSTEM"
topic (or Stable window):

   SZDDESYS_ITEM_TOPICS
        A list of topics supported by the "SYSTEM" topic.  Currently
        return information is:

           "SYSTEM"
           "<chart_name>"       * For each created chart.

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-3   


   SZDDESYS_ITEM_SYSITEMS
        A list of items supported under the "SYSTEM" topic.  The
        following information is currently returned:

           "SYSITEMS"
           "FORMATS"
           "TOPICS"
           "STATUS"

   SZDDESYS_ITEM_FORMATS
        A list of clipboard formats supported by the server.  At the
        present time, the following formats are supported:

           "TEXT"
           "CSV"

   SZDDESYS_ITEM_STATUS
        The status of the server (busy or ready).


The following request "items" are supported within a "<chart_name>"
topic (an individual Stable chart):

   SZDDE_ITEM_ITEMLIST
        A list of items supported by the "<chart_name>" topic.  The
        currently supported items are:

           "TOPICITEMLIST"
           "FIELDDEF"
           "DATERANGE"
           "STATUS"
           "NEWDATA"

   SZDDESYS_ITEM_STATUS
        The status of the server (busy or ready).

   "FieldDef"
        Returns a description of the data contents associated with
        the chart.  The returned description is identical to the
        description of the <Format_String> described in section 6.2
        of "Chapter 6  Data Files".

        The importance of the "FieldDef" information is that it
        describes the expected format of any ASCII data record
        submitted to the chart for the purpose of data update through
        a DDE conversation.

   "DateRange"
        Returns the entire date range of the chart's data as two
        dates of the format YYMMDD.  For example, a chart consisting
        of data for all of 1993 might return "930104,931231".

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-4   


7.1.4  DDE Execute Transactions
-------------------------------
A client can send execute (XTYP_EXECUTE) transactions to a Stable
server in order to perform a command or series of commands.

The following execution "command strings" are recognized by the
"SYSTEM" topic (Stable window):

   "[MINIMIZE]"
        Minimizes the Stable application window.

   "[MAXIMIZE]"
        Maximizes the Stable application window.

   "[CASCADE]"
        Redisplay all charts as cascaded windows.

   "[TILEVERTICAL]"
        Redisplay all charts as vertically tiled windows.

   "[TILEHORIZONTAL]"
      Redisplay all charts as horizontally tiled windows.

   "[SHOW]"
        Displays the normal Stable window.

   "[CLOSE]"
        Closes the Stable window, essentially terminating the
        Stable program.

   "[OPEN(<type>,<path>,<file>)]"
        Opens a new chart.  This command is basically the same as
        the File New Chart menu selection with the exception that
        the associated file information is specified in the execute
        command string itself.

        <type> represents one of the data file formats supported by
        Stable Technical Graphs.

                CSV     Comma separated value (ASCII format).
                TC2000  TeleChart 2000 (TC2000)
                TT      Technical Tools data format.
                CSI     Commodity Systems, Inc. data format.
                MS      MetaStock data format.

        <path> specifies the fully qualified path to the data file
        which is to be used in creating the new chart.  The file name
        itself (if applicable) IS NOT a part of this field.

        <file> is the name of the symbol or data file for chart
        creation.  In the case of CSV and Technical Tools data,
        this field represents the actual name of the file on disk.
        For CSI and MetaStock data, the field identifies the symbol
        description.

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-5


        EXAMPLE 1:  The following execution command string instructs
        Stable to open a chart for Apple Computer using TC2000 data
        installed in the base C:\TC2000 directory:

           "[OPEN(TC2000,C:\TC2000,AAPL)]"

        EXAMPLE 2:  The following execution command string instructs
        Stable to open a chart using the CSV data stored in the file
        HRB.CSV (H&R Block) located in the C:\MKTDATA directory:

           "[OPEN(CSV,C:\MKTDATA,HRB.CSV)]"

        EXAMPLE 3:  The following execution command string instructs
        Stable to open a chart using the CSI data identified with
        "PORK BELLIES" in the C:\QUICK\DATA\MEATS directory:

           "[OPEN(CSI,C:\QUICK\DATA\MEATS,PORK BELLIES)]"

        EXAMPLE 4:  The following execution command string instructs
        Stable to open a chart using the MetaStock data identified
        with "BOEING" in the C:\MS\DATA directory:

           "[OPEN(MS,C:\MS\DATA,BOEING)]"

        EXAMPLE 5:  The following execution command string instructs
        Stable to open a chart using the Technical Tools data stored
        in the file SP___88Z.TTT (S&P Dec '88 Tick Data) located in
        the C:\TECHTOOL\SP directory:

           "[OPEN(TT,C:\TECHTOOL\SP,SP___88Z.TTT)]"

The following execution "command strings" are recognized by a
"<chart_name>" topic (an individual Stable chart):

   "[MAXIMIZE]"
        Maximizes the chart window to full screen.  This is useful
        for when a chart will be printed.

   "[MINIMIZE]"
        Minimizes the chart window to an icon.

   "[SHOW]"
        Displays the chart in its last display size.

   "[CLOSE]"
        Closes the chart's window, effectively removing the chart
        from the Windows desktop.

   "[PRINT]"
        Instructs a chart to print itself to the default system
        printer.

   "[UPDATE]"
        Instructs the chart to redraw its contents.  Normally this
        instruction will never be necessary as charts update
        automatically when new data is submitted.

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-6



   "[EXPORT(file,symbol,format,startdate,enddate,header)]"
        Exports the price data of the chart to an ASCII file.

        <file> is the name of the resulting output file.

        <symbol> is the symbol identifier to be used if the format
        contains a '$' identifier.

        <format> is a valid Stable data format description
        identifying the field format to output (See Chapter 6).

        <startdate>
        <enddate> is the date range (specified as YYMMDD) of the
        data to output.

        <header> is a flag indicating whether the data format record
        should be written as the first record in the file. "Y" is
        yes.


7.1.5  DDE Poke Transaction
---------------------------
A client application can send unsolicited data to a Stable chart
through use of the DDE poke (XTYP_POKE) transaction.  This is the
method by which new or real-time data can be submitted to a Stable
chart for display and update.

The item name used to indicate new financial data being submitted to
a chart is the text "NEWDATA".

Data information representing new chart data is passed as an ASCII
string of information conforming to the data field definition for
the chart.  The data field definition for a chart can be obtained
by issuing a "FieldDef" request transaction to the chart.  The chart
will return a field definition string of the format described in
section 6.2.

Content-wise, an ASCII data string passed to a chart containing
new financial information looks like a single record found in a CSV
data file.  Regardless of the data type used to originally create a
Stable chart, ASCII information is the only format supported for
updating a chart.

As an example, assume a chart has been created from a MetaStock data
file - and further assume the data file is associated with the
Dow Jones Industrials.  After establishing a DDE conversation with
the chart, you execute a request (XTYP_REQUEST) transaction for
"FieldDef" and receive the data string "DVHLC" (date, volume, high,
low, close).

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-7

In order to update the chart with new data, you must first formulate
an ASCII string similar to the following (which represents the field
definition previously returned), and then submit it as the data
portion of the "NEWDATA" poke (XTYP_POKE) transaction:

        "04/01/92,32190,3232.45,3209.51,3220.52"


7.2  Stable DDE Communications with Excel
-----------------------------------------
Performing DDE communications directly with Stable through Microsoft
Excel is relatively straight-forward since all of the programming
details are automatically performed for you.  Following a simple set
of rules, you can easily communicate with Stable, or any of Stable's
charts, from within a spreadsheet.

   For additional information, please refer to the STABLE.XLM macro
   file provided with Stable Technical Graphs.  By having Excel
   display the actual formulas on the STABLE.XLM macro sheet, you
   can actually see examples of working formulas used to communicate
   with Stable.

The following briefly describes some of the macros and formulas used
in the STABLE.XLM macro sheet.  Details on how to create proper
formulas and macros within Excel can be found in your Microsoft
Excel documentation.


7.2.1  Open HRB Macro
---------------------
This macro demonstrates how a Stable chart can be created from DDE
commands placed in a spreadsheet.  This example requires that
STABLE.EXE be in your "PATH=" statement and that the HRB.CSV file
resides in the C:\STABLE subdirectory (you are free to change the
directory if required in order to access the data file).

=INITIATE(Stable,"System")
     Establish a DDE channel with the Stable window.

=EXECUTE(channel,"[OPEN(CSV,C:\STABLE,HRB.CSV)])"
     Open a new chart using the CSV data file HRB.CSV found in the
     C:\STABLE subdirectory.

=TERMINATE(channel)
     Terminate the DDE conversation.

=RETURN()
     Terminate the macro.

                                           Dynamic Data Exchange  7-8


7.2.2  Poke HRB Macro
---------------------
This macro demonstrates a technique for adding data found in a
spreadsheet directly into an existing Stable chart.

     * If you want to see the visual results of the data being
       added to the HRB.CSV chart, resize Excel and the HRB.CSV
       chart so that both are visible on the screen before
       executing this macro.


=INITIATE(Stable,"HRB.CSV")
     Establishes a DDE conversation with the HRB.CSV chart window.


=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A12:$E12)
=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A13:$E13)
=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A14:$E14)
=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A15:$E15)
=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A16:$E16)
=POKE(channel,"NEWDATA",$A17:$E17)
     This set of instructions retrieves the six rows of financial
     data found in the macro sheet and submits each individually to
     the HRB.CSV chart.  The "$A12:$E12" parameter essentially tells
     Excel to format the data in that row as ASCII and comma
     separated.

=TERMINATE(channel)
     Terminate the DDE conversation.

=RETURN()
     Terminate the macro.

7.2.3  Show HRB Macro
---------------------
This macro demonstrates how commands can be issued to a chart in
order to control its appearance.

=INITIATE(Stable,"HRB.CSV")
     Establishes a DDE conversation with the HRB.CSV chart window.

=EXECUTE(channel,"[SHOW]")
     This command instructs the HRB.CSV chart to display itself.

=TERMINATE(channel)
     Terminate the DDE conversation.

=RETURN()
     Terminate the macro.

7.2.4  Supported =EXECUTE() Commands
------------------------------------
The list of commands that can be used with =EXECUTE() formula are
explained above in section 7.1.4.



                Chapter 8  Technical Indicators


This appendix summarizes those technical indicators found in the
evaluation copy of Stable Technical Graphs, Version 2.0.  The
following is an alphabetic list of indicators found in the product.

        Commodity Channel Index (CCI)
        Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD)
        Moving Averages (Exponential, Simple, Weighted)
        Multiple Data Graph
        Negative Volume Index (NVI)
        Negative Volume Trend (NVT)
        On-Balance Volume
        Open Interest
        Point & Figure
        Positive Volume Index (PVI)
        Positive Volume Trend (PVT)
        Price Channel (Trading Band)
        Price Momentum
        Price Oscillator
        Price Performance
        Rate of Change (Price and Volume)
        Relative Strength
        Relative Strength Indicator (RSI)
        Stochastic
        Volume
        Volume Oscillator
        Weighted Close

For detailed information on technical indicator theory and practice,
we highly recommend that you consider the following publications:

        Technical Analysis Explained
        Martin J. Pring

        Technical Analysis of the Futures Markets
        John J. Murphy

        The New Commodity Trading Systems and Methods
        Perry J. Kaufman
        
        The Encyclopedia of Technical Market Indicators
        Robert W. Colby & Thomas A. Meyers

        Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
        Robert D. Edwards & John Magee

        New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems.
        J. Welles Wilder.

                                            Technical Indicators  8-2


8.1  Moving Averages
--------------------
Generally, moving averages are used to smooth out the data values
used for technical analysis; helping to eliminate both large and
small fluctuations normally found in the data, and to help identify
the directional trend of the data being averaged.

Stable Technical Graphs supports three different types of moving
average calculations; the simple moving average, the weighted moving
average, and the exponential moving average.  Any of these moving
averages can be applied to the base data associated with almost all
graphs found in the product.

The calculation of the simple moving average simply adds together a
number of the most recent data values and divides the resulting sum
by the total number of values being added together.  For example, a
ten day moving average is computed as the sum of the ten most recent
data values, divided by 10.  In the simple moving average system, all
data values are given an equal "weight" - effectively assigning the
same importance to each data element used to calculate the average.
Some people feel that it would make more sense to assign greater
importance to the more recent data and criticize the simple moving
average for lacking this.

The weighted moving average is similar to the simple moving average
except that each value being considered in the average is assigned a
specific "weight".  The greatest weight is assigned to the most
recent data value, while the least weight is given to oldest value.
This has the effect of associating "greater importance" to more
recent data when calculating this average.  The assignment of
specific data value "weights" is performed automatically by the 
program.  Stable uses the method of assigning the ordinal value of
the data item within the list as the weight.  Calculating a 5 day
average for example, the first value is multiplied by 1, the second
by 2, the third by 3, the fourth by 4, and the fifth by 5.  The five
resultant products are then added together and divided by 15 
(1+2+3+4+5) to determine the average.

The exponential moving average is somewhat similar to the weighted
moving average in that the most recent data is also assigned more
importance than data further back in time.  However, instead of
"weighting" each individual data value, a "fixed weight" is assigned
to today's (the most recent) value, while all of the remaining weight
is given to the previous value of the exponential moving average
itself.  In calculating this moving average, you begin by first
establishing the average as equal to the first day's data, then
moving through the series of data - multiplying each new recent
value by some fixed weight (like 12%) and the previous value of the
average itself by the all the remaining weight (88% in this case).

                                            Technical Indicators  8-3


8.2  Negative/Positive Volume Indexes (NVI/PVI)
-----------------------------------------------
Both the Negative Volume and Positive Volume Indexes are indicators
based upon the premise that trading volume increases when
unsophisticated investors are active in the market, while the so-
called "smart money" investors are busy in the market during periods
of declining volume.  The price direction on days of declining volume
may then indicate "smart money" accumulation or distribution if the
change is positive or negative respectively.  The primary distinction
between these two indicators is simply which volume move is being
measured.

The NVI calculation is related to negative, or falling volume.  When
the volume decreases from the previous period (rising volume does not
affect this indicator), the NVI is adjusted by the percentage change
in the price.  Specific to the NVI, long positions are taken when the
indicator crosses ABOVE its moving average.

The PVI calculation is related to positive, or rising volume.  When
the volume increases from the previous period (falling volume does
not affect this indicator), the PVI is adjusted by the percentage
change in the price.  Effectively, PVI measures what the "uninformed"
masses are doing - and long positions are taken when the PVI crosses
BELOW its moving average.


8.3  On-Balance Volume
----------------------
The On-Balance Volume Indicator (developed by Joseph Granville) is
used to indicate whether an accumulation or distribution of shares
for a security is occurring by studying the security's volume
activity in relation to the price change.  The basic theory behind
the OBV indicator is that it tends to exhibit trend changes in
advance of price changes - therefore look for a change in the OBV
trend to suggest a forthcoming change in the price trend.

The OBV indicator is a cumulative total of volume calculated by
adding the entire day's volume to the total if the price rises for
that day, and subtracting the entire day's volume if the price falls
for that day.  (See Volume Trend for a variation of this indicator).


8.4  Oscillators (Price and Volume)
-----------------------------------
The Price and Volume Oscillators are indicators representing the
difference between two moving averages of the respective price or
volume data.  When plotted, the oscillator rises and falls through
a "zero line" - and represents the actual "crossing" of the two
moving averages.

                                            Technical Indicators  8-4


As the oscillator crosses and moves above the zero line, this
indicates that the first moving average is moving upwards at a faster
rate than the second average.  This can be interpreted as a rising
trend and, if the first average is based on a shorter time period
than the second, that the short term trend is currently stronger than
the long term trend.

If the oscillator crosses and moves below the zero line, this is an
indication that the first moving average is falling at a rate faster
than the second average.  This can be interpreted as a falling
trend and, if the first average is based on a shorter time period
than the second, that the short term trend is now weaker than the
long term trend.
One way to help visualize an oscillator is to create a Stable chart
containing both a Price Graph (with two moving averages), and a Price
Oscillator Graph based on the same two moving averages.  As the
moving averages cross each other on the Price Graph, you will see the
Price Oscillator line cross its zero line.

You can also use an Oscillator graph to track when a single moving
average crosses the data which it is based upon - by setting the
first oscillator unit to 1 and the second to the moving average units
you want to plot.  The resultant oscillator graph then shows when the
moving average crosses the underlying data.  The higher the
oscillator, the greater the data is above its moving average, and
conversely on the downside.


8.5  Price Channel (Trading Band)
---------------------------------
Available only on Price Charts, the Price Channel or Trading Band is
a special indicator used to envelop price activity within a specific
trading range.  The Price Channel is created by calculating a single
moving average (either simple, weighted, or exponential), and then
displaying the moving average line (shifted vertically) an equal
percentage both above and below its calculated value.

While the Price Channel can be manually created using two individual
moving averages, the Price Channel greatly simplifies the task.


8.6  Price Momentum
-------------------
Price momentum is the ratio between today's price and the price some
specified number of units in the past.

High Momentum readings sometimes imply that the security is in an
overbought condition, while extremely low readings may suggest an
oversold situation.

         (Today's value - N_units_ago value) * 100

Price Momentum and Price Rate of Change are essentially the same
technical indicator.

                                            Technical Indicators  8-5


8.7  Rate of Change (Price and Volume)
--------------------------------------
The Rate of Change (ROC) is a method used to measure the momentum of
a security.  Rate of Change is computed as the percentage change
between today's value (price or volume) and the associated value some
specified number of units in the past.

High Rate of Change readings sometimes imply that the security is in
an overbought condition, while extremely low readings may suggest an
oversold situation.

         (Today's close - N_units_ago close) / N_units_ago close


8.8  Volume
-----------
The Volume Indicator displays the security's trading volume as
vertical bars for each day of data.  The base value for the Volume
Graph is the lowest volume value for the current graphing period.


8.9  Negative/Positive Volume Trend (NVT/PVT)
---------------------------------------------
The Volume Trend indicators are variations of the basic On-Balance
Volume indicator.  The primary difference between these indicators
and the OBV is in what portion of the day's volume is used to
determine the new indicator value.  Unlike the OBV (which applies
the entire day's volume), both NVT and PVT use only a portion of
the volume determined as a percentage of the price change from the
previous day.  In effect, these indicators consider the magnitude of
the period's price change - whereas OBV does not.

The major distinction between the NVT and the PVT is that the NVT
theorizes that the LESS volume required to move the price, the more
significant is the event.  All things being equal, a period of low
trading volume will affect this indicator more than if the same
period was driven by high trading volume.  This, in effect, is
similar in concept to the Negative Volume Index - where we're looking
for "smart money" activity in the market.


8.10  Weighted Close
--------------------
The Weighted Close is simply a weighted indicator of the closing
values for a security.  It is calculated daily by adding the
security's high and low value to the closing value doubled - then
dividing the result by four.

          ( (Today's close * 2) + High + Low ) / 4

                                            Technical Indicators  8-6


8.11  Commodity Channel Index (CCI)
-----------------------------------
The Commodity Channel Index, originally developed by Donald Lambert,
is a tool that assists in identifying when an underlying security's
cycle trend is in effect.  The indicator is displayed as an
oscillator with major signal lines at +100 and -100.  The general
interpretation is that when the oscillator breaks through either
of these lines, it is an indication that the security may be starting
a new trend.


8.12  Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD)
--------------------------------------------------
Developed by Gerald Appel, the MACD is a widely used oscillator
derived from the differential of two exponential moving averages;
a short term average and a longer term average.

In a trending market, the shorter term average will rise or fall
more quickly than the slower long term average, thereby resulting
in a larger difference between the two.  By plotting the mathematical
difference of the two averages, an oscillator is created that rises
and falls around a "zero-line".  The farther away the oscillator
is from the zero-line, the greater the strength of the trend.

By calculating an exponential average of the oscillator itself,
you have what is described as a "signal line".  The time frame
normally used for the signal line ranges from 5-10 days in length.

Basic interpretation theory suggests that buy and sell signals are
generated whenever the oscillator (MACD) line crosses its signal
line.  When the MACD line crosses from below to above the signal
line, a buy signal is in effect.  When the MACD line crosses from
above to below the signal line, a sell signal is generated.

Experiment with different exponential average periods for the MACD
oscillator and look for divergences between the price action and
the MACD oscillator itself to help identify the most profitable
trading signals.


8.13  Open Interest
-------------------
The Open Interest Indicator displays the security's open interest as
vertical bars for each day of data.  The base value for the Volume
Graph is the lowest value for the current graphing period.

                                            Technical Indicators  8-7



8.14  Relative Strength
-----------------------
The Relative Strength graph allows you to compare the price action
between two securities or other financial index - typically used
to compare a security against its associated "index" or base.  For
example, you might construct a relative strength graph comparing how
IBM is performing against the DJIA as a whole , or how Exxon is
performing against Chevron.

Calculated simply by dividing the security's value by the comparitive
financial item, the Relative Strength measures the relationship
between the two.  An important point to remember is that this
indicator represents the relative relationship between the items,
and does not directly reflect individual price action.  As a result,
even if both securities prices are falling, the Relative Strength
line will move upwards if the primary security's prices are falling
less than the relative security.


8.15  Relative Strength Indicator (RSI)
---------------------------------------
The Relative Strength Indicator was developed by Wells Wilder in an
effort to measure the internal strength of a security.  Unlike the
Relative Strength graph described above which compares two financial
items, the RSI oscillator determines the momentum strength within
a single security.

The RSI calculation serves to resolve two issues related to the
normal determination of a momentum indicator; the smoothing out
of erratic price movements, and to provide a normalized trading range
for comparison purposes.

The RSI graph presents the indicator as fluctuating between the
values of 0 and 100.  Traditionally, lines are drawn on the graph
at the 70 and 30 levels; representing overbought and oversold points
respectively.  Once an overbought or oversold situation presents
itself, look for a price trend reversal for an actual buy or sell
signal.


                                            Technical Indicators  8-8


8.16  Stochastic
----------------
The Stochastic Indicator, developed by George Lane, measures on a
percentage basis, where the closing price is in relation to the
total trading range during a specified past number of days.  The
significance of this indicator is based on observations that the
closing price generally is closer to the top of the price range
during periods of rising prices - and nearer the bottom during
downtrends.

When interpeting the graph, values above 70 place the closing price
near the top of the range, while values below 30 place the close
near the bottom of the range.  High readings might suggest possible
sell points while low readings a potential buy indication.


8.17  Performance
-----------------
The Performance Indicator measures the percentage change on a day
by day basis from the most recent date.  The very last value (most
recent date) on the graph is always zero (0) - indicating that the
percentage change from today is 0.

To determine the percentage change in price between the most recent
date and a date in the past, turn on the data display for the
Performance graph.  Move the "slider" so that the hair cursor is
positioned on the date in the past, and read the displayed value.
This is the percentage change in price.


8.18  Point & Figure
--------------------
Point and Figure charting is the study of strictly price movement;
time is not considered in the graphing of the price activity.  Bar
charts take both time and price into consideration when plotting
financial data.  For example, on a daily bar chart, each new day
is plotted one "space" to the right of the previous day.

Traditionally, Point and Figure charts are created using alternating
columns of X's and O's.  Each column represents only the price
movement of the graphed data - X's reflect periods of rising prices
while O's indicate periods of falling prices.  Any individual column
may represent 1 day, 1 week, 1 month - practically any time frame.

                                            Technical Indicators  8-9


When Point and Figure charts are contructed, you specify a box size
and a the number of boxes required to force a change in direction
(reversal).  

Box size is specified as the dollar amount necessary to create a new
box (X or O) on the chart.  Whenever the price activity moves at
least one box size, a new X or O is added to the chart.  Should the
price move be at least twice the box size, two boxes would be drawn.

The reversal size (number of boxes) is used to determine when a new
column is to be created.  A reversal size of 3 boxes in effect says,
"If the price moves in the opposite direction at least 3 * box size,
begin a new column."

For detailed discussions about interpreting this, or any other
indicator, refer to the books mentioned at the beginning of this
chapter.

