
FTP FILE: MAGNESIUM CATASTROPHE

INDEX

Article 1.  Status Summary of Magnesium Catastrophe--2/4/95

Article 2.  Calculations of American Deaths Caused By Magnesium Deficiency, As
            Projected From International Data

Article 3.  JUSTIFICATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE CALCULATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE
            ARTICLE, "Calculations of American Deaths Caused By Magnesium
            Deficiency, As Projected From International Data"

Article 4.  Citizen's Petition to the FDA in support of voluntary fortification
            of beverages with magnesium

Article 5.  The Economics of Magnesium Fortification of Beverages

Article 6.  A Short History of the Magnesium Catastrophe in the United States

Article 7.  Letter to the Freedom of Information Act Office

Article 8.  Summary of Magnesium Seminar

Article 9.  Magnesium Deficiency and Suicide in Finland

Article 10.  A Personal Experience with Magnesium

Article 11.  Magnesium Deficiency and Asthma

Article 12.  List of 80 water sources containing 90 mg/L or more magnesium in
            the state of Texas, and 61 such water sources in California.

This file is Copyrighted (1994).  Permission is granted for copying this
material electronically, and for single hard copies for personal use and for
quotes in the media with attribution.

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Article 1 *****
CURRENT STATUS OF THE MAGNESIUM CATASTROPHE--2/4/95

1.  In January, 1994 I sent Dr. Troxell at the FDA my paper, " Calculations of
American Deaths Caused by Magnesium Deficiency, As Projected From
International Data"  which indicated that nearly 8 MILLION Americans have died
from magnesium deficiency since 1940.  Dr. Troxell recently informed me that
he is not qualified to review my paper, nor is anyone else at the FDA.  He
informed me that only the Senior Science Advisor, a consultant to the FDA,
could review it.  He didn't know when the Senior Science Advisor's report
would be completed.  He informed me that the Senior Science Advisor was Dr.
Elkan Blout, but did not have an address or telephone number for him.

2.  The FDA invited me to submit a Citizen's Petition for the voluntary
fortification of beverages with magnesium.  The petition is enclosed.  The FDA
has by law 6 months to answer petitions from the date of submittal.  Due Date:
4/3/95.   On Jan. 12, 1995 I also submitted a request to the FDA under the
Freedom of Information Act for all the FDA's files on water and water-based
beverages, which may include tons of documents.  I have not heard back from the
FDA as of today, 2/4/95.

3.  The National Institute of Health may be planning a General Review of
magnesium, according to Dr. Mildred Seelig.

4.  Governor Wilson of California on March 23, 1994 instructed Dr. Larry
Barrett to examine the magnesium problem and report back to the governor.
That report is not yet complete as of this writing, 11/17/94.

5.  Dr. C. Everett Koop, retired Surgeon General of the United States, wrote me
that "A good case can be made for the correlation of cardio-vascular death
with magnesium deficient water."

6.  Mr. John Albers, Chairman and CEO of Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up Cos., wrote me a
friendly letter open to the possibility of fortifying beverages with
magnesium, contingent on the approval of the FDA and other agencies.

7.  United States Senator Barbara Boxer of California wrote me, "Scientific
research suggests that magnesium deficiency may increase the risk of a variety
of medical conditions, including heart attacks and high blood pressure.  I would
certainly support additional efforts to inform Americans about the health risks
associated with magnesium deficiency."

8.  Dr. Michael Jacobson at the Center For Science In The Public Interest in
Washington writes that his institute may be getting "more involved" in
bringing the magnesium problem to the attention of the public.

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Article 2 *****
CALCULATIONS OF AMERICAN DEATHS CAUSED BY MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY, AS PROJECTED
FROM INTERNATIONAL DATA

SUMMARY:   Magnesium deficiency appears to have caused Eight Million sudden
coronary deaths in America during the period 1940-1994, based on census data
and studies of similar deaths from magnesium deficiency conducted in Canada,
Great Britain, Finland, and India.  This global pattern of death from
magnesium deficiency is important in terms of setting priorities for further
research and setting standards of nutrition.  The needless drag on the U. S.
economy from magnesium deficiency exceeds $86 Billion per year.

INTRODUCTION:   The United States Dept. of Agriculture reported that only 25%
of 37,000 consumers surveyed had a dietary magnesium intake that equalled or
exceeded the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), and 39% of those surveyed
ingested less than 70% of the magnesium RDA (22).  Many others have reported
widespread magnesium deficiency (1,2,3,4,7,8,10,12,17,18,19,20,23,32,34).

Fatal Chronic magnesium deficiency shows few recognized symptoms until cardiac
arrhythmia occurs (1,21,31).  Magnesium deficiency may cause migraine and
premenstrual syndrome (13,14,15,16,24,26,27,28,33).

To calculate the probable number of American deaths caused by magnesium
deficiency since 1940, I have calculated the numbers of the American population
that would correspond by age and sex to those in each of the foreign studies.
In each study, foreign populations were divided into groups receiving
magnesium-rich water or a magnesium-rich diet, and a second group receiving
less magnesium.  By obtaining the two annual death rates for each set of two
groups, it is possible to calculate the difference in death rates and apply
that rate to the corresponding American population group, limited by age and
sex.  This may understate the true U. S. deaths caused by magnesium deficiency,
as deaths occurring outside the age or sex limits of each study are not
represented.

A global pattern emerges of large numbers of sudden cardiac deaths which can be
correlated to magnesium deficiency, and it seems reasonable to suppose that
American rates of such deaths would fall within or near the parameters
experienced by the benchmark countries of Great Britain, Finland, Canada, and
India.

CALCULATIONS:   In Great Britain (8) sudden coronary death was recorded for
the M/F population ages 25-64 in Glasgow (low Mg in water) and London (high Mg
in water), and the difference in death rates was found to be .001813.  The
average number of Americans 25-64 in the period 1940 to 1994 is 90,131,722,
which, when multiplied by the difference in annual death rates between high
and low magnesium intake gives 163,409, which, when multiplied by 54 years
gives 8,824,076 American deaths in that age group during the period 1940-1994
which can be projected to have occurred from magnesium deficiency.  Note that
sudden coronary deaths occurring before age 25 and after age 64 are not
included, so the projection may be understating total American deaths from
magnesium deficiency.

In Finland (25) only male deaths were studied, ages 40-59, which had a coronary
heart disease annual death rate that was .004578 different between the areas of
high and low magnesium intake from water.  The corresponding American male
population aged 40-59 averaged 20,335,107 from 1940-1994.  When that population
is multiplied by the difference in death rates between areas of high and low
magnesium intake, it gives 93,094, which, when multiplied by 54 years gives
5,027,082 American deaths in that sex and age group during the period 1940-1994
which can be projected to have occurred from magnesium deficiency.  Note that
coronary death among all women and deaths by men before age 40 or after age 59
are not included, so the projection may be understating total deaths from
magnesium deficiency.

In Ontario, Canada (3), sudden ischemic heart disease deaths were compared for
two M/F populations aged 35-74 ingesting different levels of magnesium in
water.  The annual difference in sudden death rates was .000750.  The
equivalent age group in the U. S. numbered an average of 73,351,322 from
1940-1994, which, when multiplied by .000750 gives 55,013, which, when
multiplied by 54 years gives 2,970,729 American deaths in that age group that
can be projected to have occurred from magnesium deficiency.  Note that sudden
coronary deaths by people under 35 or over 74 are not included, so the
projection may be understating total American deaths from magnesium deficiency.

In India (32) two groups composed almost totally of males aged 25-63 were given
two different diets, one averaging 1142 mg magnesium per day, and the other
averaging 418 mg magnesium per day.  The annual difference in death rates was
.006241.  The equivalent male population in the U. S. averaged 44,185,470
during the period 1940-1994, which, when multiplied by the difference in death
rates gives 275,762 per annum; multiplied by 54 years gives 14,891,122 American
deaths in that sex and age group which can be projected to have occurred from
magnesium deficiency.  Note that women, and all men under 25 or over 63, were
not included, so the projection may be understating total deaths from magnesium
deficiency.

       PROJECTIONS TO AMERICAN POPULATION LIMITED BY AGE AND SEX

       Benchmark             Difference in   U.S. Deaths    U.S. Deaths
       Country               Death Rate by   1940-94 by     1994 by Mg
                             Rich/Poor Mg    Mg Deficit     Deficiency

       Great Britain (8)    .001813          8,824,076       242,342
       Finland (25)         .004578          5,027,082       131,955
       Ontario (3)          .000750          2,970,729        84,465
       India (32)           .006241         14,891,122       403,580

       Benchmark Average    .003345          7,928,252       215,585

CONCLUSION:   It can be inferred from these foreign studies that nearly eight
million Americans have needlessly died from a deficiency of magnesium, which
apparently could have been easily and cheaply avoided by drinking
magnesium-rich water, or by a major change to the traditional Asian diet,
which is generally twice as magnesium-rich as the Western diet (5).

In view of the average 590 American deaths caused each day by magnesium
deficiency, I recommend that the FDA require all bottled water sold in the
U. S. to contain at least 90 mg/L magnesium, which can easily and cheaply be
accomplished by filtering non-spring waters through Akdolit, Neutralite, or
Magno (10), or by adding magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, or magnesium
carbonate.

The FDA or other governmental agencies should sponsor further research, as
magnesium is too cheap and common for any business to justify spending the
millions necessary to produce the 4,000 pounds of documents required by the FDA
for new drug or nutrient approval.  The current literature on magnesium and
Sudden Death weighs perhaps less than 100 pounds, although the evidence is
overwhelming.

DISCUSSION:   Water-borne magnesium is more completely and readily absorbed by
the gut than is food-borne magnesium (10).

Changing a population's diet to include magnesium-rich foods appears to be less
practical and less likely than improving the magnesium content of drinking
water, particularly bottled water, and water-based beverages.  European brands
of water commonly contain 27 mg/L or more magnesium, while domestic American
brands average 3 mg/L magnesium.

       WATER NAME                             COUNTRY    MAGNESIUM  RDI%*
                                                        (mg/Liter) (8 oz)
       -------------------------------------- --------- ---------- -----
       Adobe Springs                          USA               96     6
       S. Pellegrino                          ITALY             57     3
       Penafiel                               MEXICO            41     2
       Vittel                                 FRANCE            38     2
       Evian                                  FRANCE            24     1
       Naya                                   CANADA            22     1
       Volvic                                 FRANCE             7     0
       Saratoga Mineral Water                 USA                7     0
       Perrier                                FRANCE             5     0
       Alhambra                               USA                5     0
       Arrowhead                              USA                5     0
       Sparkletts Drinking Water              USA                5     0
       Calistoga Mineral Water                USA                2     0
       Cobb Mountain                          USA                2     0
       Polar Spring Water                     USA                2     0
       aSante Mineral Water                   USA                1     0
       Black Mountain                         USA                1     0
       Crystal Geyser Sparkling Mineral Water USA                1     0

       * RDI = Recommended Daily Intake, which for Mg is 400 mg/day.
         RDI% = % of Recommended Daily Intake per 8 oz. serving.

The source of information on mineral content of various brands was "The Pocket
Guide to Bottled Water" (35), except that it did not mention Naya or the Adobe
Springs.

French medical literature has recommended that bottled water contain at least
30-90 mg/L magnesium (22).  Except in the presence of renal failure, there is
no need to limit magnesium intake (6); at extremely high dosages, magnesium is
commonly used as a laxative, but does not have that effect at a low dosage of
90 mg/L.

The poor showing of American brands is probably due to historic campaigns by
the FDA and AMA against health claims for minerals in water.  In 1880 America
had many brands of mineral-rich water, but by 1950 Americans had been educated
to believe that "pure" water was best, meaning no minerals.  The European
tradition is just the opposite, placing a high value on minerals in water.
The Europeans were right, at least in regard to magnesium.

Some magnesium literature stresses that the calcium/magnesium ratio in water
should be about 2 to 1 to benefit the heart (10,11,18,37,38), and that
corrosiveness should be avoided as lead and cadmium can be leached out of pipes
(11).  The Langelier and Ryznar Indexes of corrosivity work only with waters
containing calcium carbonate.  Such indices are "more useful after the fact,
in helping to understand possible causes of the problem (corrosion) rather than
being useful in a predictive sense" (36).

Empirical tests need to be invented of the leaching capability for lead and
cadmium of all municipal waters (11,29).  Bottled spring water contacts
primarily cooking utensils, so leaching may be of less concern.

What are the characteristics of the ideal bottled water?  1.  Most important,
it should have as much magnesium as possible without triggering the laxative
effect, which seems to start at about 300 mg/L.  2.  It should have as little
sodium as possible.  3.  It should have a high magnesium-to-calcium ratio (18).
Here is how existing brands rate in those categories.

       WATER NAME                 COUNTRY  MAGNESIUM   CALCIUM     SODIUM
                                             (mg/L)     (mg/L)     (mg/L)
       ------------------------------------------------------------------
       Adobe Springs                USA       96          3.3        5
       S. Pellegrino                ITALY     57        203         46
       Penafiel                     MEXICO    41        131        159
       Vittel                       FRANCE    38        181          3.7
       Evian                        FRANCE    24         78          5
       Naya                         CANADA    22         38          6
       Volvic                       FRANCE     7         10         10.7
       Saratoga Mineral Water       USA        7         64          9
       Perrier                      FRANCE     5        143         15.2
       Alhambra                     USA        5          9.5        5.4
       Arrowhead                    USA        5         20          3
       Sparkletts Drinking Water    USA        5          4.6       15.2
       Calistoga Mineral Water      USA        2          8        163
       Cobb Mountain                USA        2          5.6        4.6
       Polar Spring Water           USA        2         13.2        8.9
       aSante Mineral Water         USA        1          4.2      160
       Black Mountain               USA        1         25          8.3
       Crystal Geyser Sparkling Min USA        1          1.5       30

Many bottled waters are sold for their purity or healthfulness which, in fact,
cause death due to their magnesium deficiency.  Based on epidemiological
evidence, these deaths would not occur if the consumers instead drank water
from springs richer in magnesium, such as Vittel, Penafiel, S. Pellegrino, or
Adobe Springs.

To get some idea of the number of deaths caused by each company selling
deficient bottled water, I have invented the "Mg-Deficiency Death Index", or
MDDI-Bottled.  The formula is:

       GAL/YR  * Benchmark Death Rate *  (90-mg/L)  = Deaths per year
         182                               90

The way I arrived at this is:  The RDA for water is eight 8-oz. servings,
(64 oz. per day) which works out to 182 gallons per annum.  Dividing a
particular company's total annual gallonage by 182 gives the maximum number
of possible customers who drink only their brand.  Multiplying by the benchmark
average death rate of .003465 caused by magnesium deficiency will give a
ballpark estimate of the maximum number of consumers killed by that company per
annum if the magnesium content were zero.  Most domestic bottled waters contain
1 to 7 mg/L, so to reflect that I subtract the mg/L Mg in the subject water from
90, and divide that figure by 90.  A negative number of deaths would mean the
water was richer than 90 mg/L Mg, and a positive score would be the probable
number of deaths caused, if indeed 90 mg/L would have been adequate Mg.  This
formula will work for any bottled water except one with 90 mg/L, as that would
mean dividing into zero.  Since nearly all domestic brands of water are very
magnesium deficient, it makes little difference if the consumer drank just one
brand or several different brands.

EXAMPLE:  If company A sells 100,000,000 gallons per annum of bottled water
with 5 mg/L magnesium, the formula gives how many deaths per annum that company
has caused by selling magnesium deficient water:

(100,000,000 / 182)  *  .003345 * (90 - 5) / 90  = 1735 Deaths per year
                                                  (4.75 deaths per day)

In a similar fashion, municipal water supplies can be rated for deaths caused
by magnesium deficiency (MDDI-Municipal) by ascertaining by survey how many
customers drink tap water, and multiplying that by the death rate, etc.  84.2%
of U. S. liquid consumption is water based, (see below), so it is possible to
simply multiply the total number of tap customers by 84.2%, and multiply that
figure by the death rate, etc.  Most U.S. tap waters are slightly richer in
magnesium (mean 5.5 mg/L) than domestic bottled water, but in some cases this
benefit may be offset by lead or cadmium contaminants in plumbing (36).

Tap consumers * .003345 *  (90 - mgs per liter) /90  = Deaths per year

These formulas represent the entire population, including the high risk groups
of infants and the aged.  If the benchmark death rate should prove to be
inapplicable to all age and sex groups, the formulas could overstate or
understate the deaths.  To apply the formulas to only the average of benchmark
subsets, multiply the results by .248.   (The .248 figure can be derived from
a subsequent article, "Calculations Of Deaths Caused By Magnesium-Deficient
Bottled Water In California", which is to be published in MAGNESIUM AND TRACE
ELEMENTS in a future issue.)

In addition to bottled water, attention should be paid to fortifying beverages
that use water as a major ingredient, such as soft drinks, beer, coffee, tea,
and powdered drinks.

       U.S. Liquid Consumption Trends Estimated for 1992 by %*

       Soft Drinks                           26.3
       Coffee                                14.3
       Beer                                  12.7
       Milk                                  10.5
       Tea                                    3.7
       Bottled Water                          5.4
       Juices                                 3.6
       Powdered Drinks                        3.1
       Wine                                   1.0
       Distilled Spirits                       .7
       Imputed Tap Water Consumption         18.7
       *BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Annual Manual, 1993-1994.

84.2% of U. S. liquid consumption is water-based, including beer but not
including wine, spirits, milk, or juice.

The economic impact of magnesium deficiency is very considerable.
Conservatively, Mg-deficiency kills 215,585 Americans per annum, mostly men in
their peak earning years (30); the very old were not included in the
projections, nor were the very young.

If each death had an economic value (lost life-time earnings) of only $200,000,
that would be $43,117,000,000 per year of economic loss caused by Mg
deficiency.  If there is just one other incapacitated survivor for each
fatality, the total economic loss exceeds $86 Billion per annum, and that does
not include billions more spent on medical care and supporting the
incapacitated.

These projections from international data represent an average of subsets of
only .248 of the population; (this figure can be derived from information in a
subsequent article, "Calculations of Deaths Caused By Magnesium-Deficient
Bottled Water In California", which is to be published in this Journal).  If
the same rate of death proves to be applicable to the entire population,
including the high-risk groups of infants and the aged, there would be 4.03
times as many deaths; so the deaths from magnesium deficiency since 1940 would
be nearly 32 million, and the annual U. S. deaths from magnesium deficiency
would be 869,700.  Annual lost earnings would exceed $347 Billion. Sudden
cardiac death is known to peak between 0 and 6 months, and between 45-75 years,
according to Zipes, D. P., SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH, American Journal of
Cardiology, Feb. '79.

By comparison, the deaths from the Hiroshima atom bomb were only 80,000 to
200,000, so magnesium deficiency is equivalent to the atomic bombings of
several small American cities each year.  For another comparison, all American
war deaths in the history of the country total much less than 2,000,000, so
magnesium deficiency is a much greater catastrophe than all American wars
combined.  Another comparison is Hitler's Holocaust, which claimed 6,000,000
lives.

       COMPARISONS OF Mg-DEFICIENCY DEATHS TO OTHER CATASTROPHES

       CAUSE OF DEATH               LOW ESTIMATE       HIGH ESTIMATE

       Mg Deficit 1940-1994            8,000,000          32,000,000
       Annual USA Mg Deficit             215,000             869,000
       Hiroshima Atom Bomb                80,000             200,000
       All American War Deaths                 -           2,000,000
       Hitler's Holocaust                      -           6,000,000

Unless the problem is addressed, magnesium deficiency is likely to get worse
over the years because modern farming methods of tilling the soil probably
cause magnesium to leach from the soil.  The Illinois-American Water Co. has
reported that at Alton, Illinois, the Mississippi River contains 17 mg/L
dissolved magnesium, not including the undissolved dirt load.  If the same
concentration exists at the Mississippi's mouth, the annual loss of magnesium
from Mid-western soils would be 343,590,400 cubic feet, not including the
undissolved dirt load.  Unlike nitrogen and other nutrients, it is not current
practice in agriculture to replace the soil magnesium that is harvested or
leached.  Soil magnesium is so easily leached that apparently much of it has
run off to the oceans; commercial magnesium is generally obtained from seawater
rather than mining, as it is cheaper.  Geologic formations containing ancient
ocean beds commonly contain the highest concentrations of magnesium.

Magnesium is a cheap commodity, one of the most common elements on the planet.
The cost of implementing fortification of bottled water-based products is a
minuscule fraction of the $90-341 Billion of annual losses caused by Mg
deficiency, and could be implemented in less than a year.  The fortification of
milk with vitamin D provides a good benchmark for gauging costs.  Economists
should be in the forefront of advocating the end of Magnesium deficiency; it
would boost the economy greatly, as well as save precious lives.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:  I wish to particularly thank Dr. Mark J. Eisenberg, Dr.
Egelius Spierings, and Dr. Burton Altura for sharing journal reprints or other
information with me.  Any faults or wrong conclusions in this article are mine
alone, and no fault of theirs.  I applaud my wife, Janet, for her excellent
suggestions, hard work, and technical support.

       Paul Mason
       P. O. Box 1417
       Patterson, Ca. 95363                   1/5/94
       tel (408) 897-3023                     Expanded 9/3/94
       fax (408) 897-3028

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of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, Magnesium Trace Elem 9:
143-151, 1990.

33. Swanson, Don R., Migraine and magnesium: Eleven neglected connections,
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 31, 4 pp. 526-557, 1988.

34. Tzivoni, Dan, Keren, Andre, Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias by
magnesium, American Journal of Cardiology, pp. 1397-1399, June 1, 1990.

35. Von Wiesenberger, Arthur, The Pocket Guide to Bottled Water. Chicago, IL:
Contemporary Books, 1991.

36. Water Quality and Treatment, A Handbook of Community Water Supplies,
American Water Works Association, Frederick W. Pontius, Technical Editor, 4th
ed., p. 1073.

37. Durlach, J., Recommended Dietary Amounts Of Magnesium: Mg RDA, Magnesium
Research, (1989)  2, 3, pp. 195-203.

38. Seelig, M., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 14, p 342, 1964

===============================================================================
Article 3 *****
JUSTIFICATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE CALCULATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE ARTICLE,
"Calculations Of American Deaths Caused By Magnesium Deficiency, As Projected
From International Data"

                               I N D E X

SECTION 1.   Mg Death Rates in Benchmark Countries

SECTION 2.   Projected U. S. Populations From Each Article

SECTION 3.   Special Calculation for Projection: Age 65-74

SECTION 4.   Statistical Sources of Calculations of American Populations of
Comparable Age and Sex Ranges

SECTION 5.   Final Calculations

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 1: Mg DEATH RATES IN BENCHMARK COUNTRIES

*****  GREAT BRITAIN   Crawford, T., Crawford, Margaret D., Prevalence and
pathological changes of ischaemic heart-disease in a hard-water and in a
soft-water area, Lancet, pp. 229-232, February 4, 1967.


On page 299, from Table 1 (death rates per 100,000):
Total all cardiovascular disease in Glasgow (soft): 85+855+44+454=1438
Total all cardiovascular disease in Greater London (hard): 49+581+22+242=894
Subtract 894 from 1438 giving 544.
Divide by 100,000 giving .00544.
Divide by 3 years giving a death rate of .001813

*****  FINLAND    Punsar, S., Karvonen, M. J., Drinking Water Quality and
Sudden Death:  Observations from West and East Finland, Cardiology, 64:24-34,
1979.

On page 27, from Table 1:
Total coronary deaths and other cardiac deaths in E. Finland (soft):121+18=139
Divide by 823 to get 16.889 percent.
Total coronary deaths and other cardiac deaths in W. Finland (hard):77+12=89
Divide by 888 to get 10.023 percent.
Subtract 10.023 from 16.889 giving 6.867 percent.
Express as a decimal, .06867.
Divide by 15 years giving a death rate of .004578.

*****  ONTARIO, CANADA   Anderson, T. W., Leriche, W. H., Hewitt, D., Neri,
L. C., Magnesium, water hardness, and heart disease, Magnesium in Health and
Disease, pp. 565-571, 1980.

On page 567 of the study (document 63), from table, Deaths/100,000, find the
numbers for soft, 195 and hard, 120.  (Exact numbers are confirmed in doc.#75.)
Subtract 120 from 195 giving 75.
Divide by 100,000 giving a death rate of .00075.

*****  INDIA    Singh, R. B., Effect of dietary magnesium supplementation in
the prevention of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death, Magnesium
Trace Elem 9: 143-151, 1990.

On page 148, from table 4, total SCD and deaths due to myocardial infarction
for Group B, soft: 24+6=30.
Divide by 194 to get 15.464 percent.
Total SCD and deaths due to myocardial infarction for Group A, hard: 16+3=19.
Divide by 206 to get 9.223 percent.
Subtract 9.223 from 15.464 giving 6.241 percent.
Express as a decimal, .06241.
Divide by 10 years giving a death rate of .006241
      _______________________________________________________________

SECTION 2.   Projected U. S. Populations From Each Article

Projections for American Populations in 1994 were taken from the World Almanac
and Book of Facts, 1988, edited by Mark S. Hoffman, page 536.

       Projections of the Total Population by Sex and Age: 1990 to 2000
       (in thousands).
       ------------------------------------------------------------
       Calculations for Great Britain
                         Middle Series
                        1990      1995

       These figures are from the World Almanac and Book of Facts.

       male
       age 25-44     40,624     41,320
       age 45-64     22,221     25,192

       female
       age 25-44     40,753     41,195
       age 45-64     24,231     27,130

       The numbers in the above male and female groups were added.

       total m/f
       age 25-64    127,829    134,837

The 1990 number was subtracted from the 1995 number.  The difference was
divided by six for the six years 1990 through 1995, multiplied by 5, and added
to the 1990 number to estimate the 1994 projection.  This was multiplied by
1000.

133,669,000 is the 1994 projected U. S. population from the British article:
Crawford, T., Crawford, Margaret D., Prevalence and pathological changes of
ischaemic heart-disease in a hard-water and in a soft-water area, Lancet, pp.
229-232, February 4, 1967.

       ------------------------------------------------------------
       Calculations for Finland

                         Middle Series
                        1990      1995

       These figures are from the World Almanac and Book of Facts.

       male
       age 25-44     40,624     41,320
       age 45-64     22,221     25,192

       We needed the male age range from 40-44.  The age range 25-44 from
       the book was used to calculate this range.  We divided by 20 years
       and multiplied by five years. We also needed the male age range
       from 45-49.  The age range 45-64 was used to calculate this range.
       We divided by 20 years and multiplied by 15 years.

       age 40-44     10,156     10,330
       age 45-59     16,666     18,894

       The numbers in the above male groups were added.


       total males
       age 40-59     26,822     29,224

       The 1990 number was subtracted from the 1995 number.  The
       difference was divided by six for the six years 1990 through 1995,
       multiplied by 5, and added to the 1990 number to estimate the 1994
       projection.  This was multiplied by 1000.

       28,823,625 is the projected 1994 U. S. population from the Finland
       article:  Punsar, S., Karvonen, M. J., Drinking Water Quality and
       Sudden Death:  Observations from West and East Finland,
       Cardiology, 64:24-34, 1979.

       ------------------------------------------------------------
       Calculations for India

                         Middle Series
                        1990      1995

       These figures were taken from the World Almanac and Book of Facts:

       male
       age 25-44     40,624     41,320
       age 45-64     22,221     25,192

       Here we needed the age range for 45-63.  We divided the age range
       45-64 by 20 and multiplied by 19.

       age 25-44     40,624     41,320
       age 45-63     21,110     23,932

       The numbers in the above groups were added.

       total
       age 25-63     61,733     65,252

       The 1990 number was subtracted from the 1995 number.  The
       difference was divided by six for the six years 1990 through 1995,
       multiplied by 5, and added to the 1990 number to estimate the 1994
       projection.  This was multiplied by 1000.

       64,665,992 is the projected 1994 U. S. population from the Indian
       article:  Singh, R. B., Effect of dietary magnesium
       supplementation in the prevention of coronary heart disease and
       sudden cardiac death, Magnesium Trace Elem 9: 143-151, 1990.

       ------------------------------------------------------------
       Calculations for Ontario, Canada

                         Middle Series
                        1990      1995

       These figures were taken from the World Almanac and Book of Facts:
       male
       age 25-44     40,624     41,320
       age 45-64     22,221     25,192
       age 65+       12,637     13,440

       female
       age 25-44     40,753     41,195
       age 45-64     24,231     27,130
       age 65+       19,061     20,447

       We needed the male age range from 35-44.  The male age range from
       25-44 was used to calculate the new range by dividing by 20 years
       and multiplying by 10 years.  The age range 65-74 was calculated
       by multiplying the 65+ age range by .60.*

       male
       age 35-44     20,312     20,660
       age 45-64     22,221     25,192
       age 65-74      7,582      8,064

       We needed the female age range from 35-44.  The female age range
       from 25-44 was used to calculate the new range by dividing by 20
       years and multiplying by 10 years.  The age range 65-74 was
       calculated by multiplying the 65+ age range by .60.*

       female
       age 35-44     20,376     20,598
       age 45-64     24,231     27,130
       age 65-74     11,437     12,268

       The numbers in the above male and female groups were added.

       total m/f
       age 35-74    106,159     113,912

       The 1990 number was subtracted from the 1995 number.  The
       difference was divided by six for the six years 1990 through 1995,
       multiplied by 5, and added to the 1990 number to estimate the 1994
       projection.  This was multiplied by 1000.

       112,619,833 is the projected 1994 U. S. population from the
       Ontario article:  Anderson, T. W., Leriche, W. H., Hewitt, D.,
       Neri, L. C., Magnesium, water hardness, and heart disease,
       Magnesium in Health and Disease, pp. 565-571, 1980.

        * See SECTION 3, Special Calculation for Projection: Age 65-74

       SECTION 3.   Special Calculation for Projection: Age 65-74

       The projection from the Ontario article required the U. S.
       population in the age range of 65-74, but that information was not
       directly available from our census data sources; however, the
       percentage of the population in that age group was available from
       another source, which led to the following calculations to obtain
       the figure we needed.

       The following table is derived from:

       Statistical Abstract of the United States (112th Edition), 1992,
       The National Data Book, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and
       Statistics Administration, page 38.  No. 39. Population 65 Years
       Old and Over, by Age Group and Sex: 1970 to 1991, page 38.

       This table was used to determine an  estimate of the percentage of
       total population over 65 that falls within the 65-74 age range.

       Age Group & Sex             Percent Distribution

                            1970     1980     1990     1991
       All persons
       65-69 years old      35.0     34.3     32.4     31.6
       70-74 years old      27.3     26.6     25.7     26.0

                           ----------------------------------

       All persons total    62.3     60.9     58.1     57.6

                            AVG=59.7

       The average percent of persons in the 65-74 age group was 59.7 for
       the years 1970-1991.  Note that the earlier years figures are
       higher because more people are living longer now.  Thus, since we
       are going back to 1940, 60 percent is our estimate of the number
       of people falling in this age range.

       From HISTORICAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, Colonial Times To
       1970, Part 1,  Series A 119-134, Population, by Age, Sex, Race,
       and Nativity:  1790 to 1970, we converted the following number
       from a 65-years-and-over range to a 65-74 age range:

                     65 years        65-74 and over       TOTAL
       1970        20,065,502           * .60      = 12,039,301
       1960*       16,559,580           * .60      =  9,935,748
       1960        16,525,032           * .60      =  9,915,019
       1950        12,269,537           * .60      =  7,361,722
       1940         9,019,314           * .60      =  5,411,588
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
     SECTION 4.   Statistical Sources of Calculations of American
                  Populations of Comparable Age and Sex Ranges

     From the total population table below, the average numbers of persons
     in each age range from 25-64 were totaled giving an American
     population of the sex and age range used in the BRITISH study:
     90,131,722

     From the male population table below, the average numbers of males in
     each range from 40-59 were totaled giving an American population of
     the sex and age range used in the FINNISH study:     20,335,107

     From the total population table below, the average numbers of persons
     in each age range from 35-74 were totaled giving an American
     population of the sex and age range used in the CANADIAN study:
     73,351,322

     From the male population table below, the average numbers of males in
     each range from 25-64 were totaled giving an American population of
     the approximate sex (the study actually included 6.5% females) and
     approximate age range used (25-63) in the INDIAN study.  The total was
     adjusted down one year by dividing by 40 years and multiplying by 39
     years.     43,080,833

                 25-29         30-34         35-39         40-44

     1990   21,328,000    21,833,000    19,846,000    17,589,000
     1980   19,521,000    17,561,000    13,965,000    11,669,000
     1970   13,476,993    11,430,436    11,106,851    11,980,954
     1960*  10,869,124    11,949,186    12,481,109    11,600,243
     1960   10,803,977    11,881,172    12,414,091    11,545,677
     1950   12,242,260    11,517,007    11,246,386    10,203,973
     1940   11,096,638    10,242,388     9,545,377     8,787,843

     avg    14,191,142    13,773,456    12,943,545    11,910,956

     continued   45-49         50-54         55-59         60-64        65-74

     1990   13,744,000    11,313,000    10,487,000    10,625,000   18,045,000
     1980   11,090,000    11,710,000    11,615,000    10,088,000   15,581,000
     1970   12,115,939    11,104,018     9,973,028     8,616,784   12,039,301
     1960*  10,879,485     9,605,954     8,429,865     7,142,452    9,935,748
     1960   10,834,998     9,571,934     8,402,132     7,123,256    9,915,019
     1950    9,070,465     8,272,188     7,235,120     6,059,475    7,361,722
     1940    8,255,225     7,256,846     5,843,865     4,723,340    5,411,588

     avg    10,855,730     9,833,420     8,855,144     7,768,330   11,184,197
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     male        25-29         30-34         35-39         40-44

     1990   10,702,000    10,862,000     9,833,000     8,676,000
     1980    9,705,000     8,677,000     6,862,000     5,708,000
     1970    6,621,567     5,595,790     5,412,423     5,818,813
     1960    5,333,075     5,846,224     6,079,512     5,675,881
     1960*   5,298,813     5,811,157     6,044,485     5,646,279
     1950    5,972,078     5,624,723     5,517,544     5,070,269
     1940    5,450,662     5,070,312     4,745,659     4,419,135

     avg     7,011,885     6,783,887     6,356,375     5,859,197

male continued   45-49         50-54         55-59         60-64

     1990    6,739,000     5,493,000     5,008,000     4,947,000
     1980    5,388,000     5,621,000     5,482,000     4,670,000
     1970    5,851,334     5,347,916     4,765,821     4,026,972
     1960    5,357,925     4,734,829     4,127,245     3,409,319
     1960*   5,331,969     4,714,262     4,110,628     3,398,572
     1950    4,526,366     4,128,648     3,630,046     3,037,838
     1940    4,209,269     3,752,750     3,011,364     2,397,816

     avg     5,343,409     4,827,486     4,305,015     3,698,217

     The following were used to compile the tables of total U. S.
     population by age group and male U.S. population by age group.

     Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,
     Part 1,  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
     Washington, D.C., 1975, page 19.  No. 19. Resident Population, by Age
     and Sex: 1979 to 1991.  (Figures from this table are shown in standard
     type.)

     Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,
     Part 1,  U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
     Washington, D.C., 1975, page 15.  Series A 119-134.  Population, by
     Age, Sex, Race and Nativity: 1790 to 1970.  (Figures from this table
     are shown in italic type.)

     Statistical Abstract of the United States (112th Edition), 1992, The
     National Data Book, U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and
     Statistics Administration, page 38.  No. 39. Population 65 Years Old
     and Over, by Age Group and Sex: 1970 to 1991, page 38.  This table was
     used to determine an estimate of the percentage of total population
     over 65 that falls within the 65-74 age range.  Figures from Series A
     119-134 were multiplied by 60 percent.  (These estimated figures are
     shown in bold type.)  For details see SECTION 3, Special Calculation
     for Projection: Age 65-74.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
      SECTION 5.   FINAL CALCULATIONS

                             AVG 1940-94 AVG 1940-94
                DEATH    AMERICAN   AM. POP         54    PROJECTED  PROJ. 1994
     COUNTRY     RATE  POPULATION    DEATHS      YEARS    1994 POP.      DEATHS

     GREAT B  .001813  90,131,722   163,409  8,824,076  133,669,000     242,342

     FINLAND  .004578  20,335,107    93,094  5,027,082   28,823,625     131,955

     ONT, CAN .000750  73,351,322    55,013  2,970,729  112,619,833      84,465

     INDIA    .00624   44,185,470   275,762 14,891,122   64,665,992     403,580
BENCHMARK
     AVERAGE  .003345  57,000,905   146,819  7,928,252   84,944,612     215,585

     Projected Mg deaths in the U.S. in 1994 is:  215,585

     Projected minimum Mg deaths per day in U.S. in 1994 is:

                              215,585/365  = 590

     Estimated minimum Mg deaths in the U.S. in the period from 1940 to
     present is:  7,928,252

     If the same rate of death from magnesium deficiency is applicable to
     the entire population, including the high-risk groups of infants and
     the aged, the following calculation can be made, (assuming that the
     current population of the United States is 260,000,000, as I have
     heard on the radio):

     260,000,000 * .003345 = 869,700 U.S. deaths per annum from Mg
     deficiency

     Dividing 215,585 by 869,700 gives .248, which is the ratio of U. S.
     Benchmark Average deaths in 1994 (limited by age and sex) to the
     possible total of U. S. deaths from Mg-deficiency in the entire
     population in 1994.   This ratio is relevant to the Magnesium
     Deficiency Death Index (MDDI) formulas given in the article,
     Calculations of American Deaths...

     To apply the average benchmark Mg death rate to the entire population
     1940-1994, including the high risk groups of infants and the aged,
     make this calculation:
                         1        *   7,928,252  =  31,968,758 Mg deaths
                      .248

     Sudden cardiac death is known to peak between 0 and 6 months, and
     between 45-75 years, according to Zipes, D. P., SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH,
     American Journal of Cardiology, Feb. '79.

     8/4/94

     Paul Mason
     Janet Mason
     P O BOX 1417
     Patterson, Ca. 95363
     tel: (408) 897-3023
     fax: (408) 897-3028

===============================================================================
Article 4 *****


     October 3, 1994

     Dockets Management Branch                     DOCKET 94P-0361/CP1
     Food and Drug Administration
     Room 1-23
     12420 Park Lawn Drive
     Rockville, MD  20857

                                CITIZEN PETITION

The undersigned submits this petition under the relevant statutory sections of
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or the Public Health Service Act, or
under any other statutory provision for which authority has been delegated to
the Commissioner of Food and Drugs under 21 CFR 5.10 to request the Commissioner
of Food and Drugs to make a public recommendation announced to the media.

                                ACTION REQUESTED

I request that the Commissioner of Food and Drugs make the following public
announcement to the media:

"A good case can be made for the correlation of cardiovascular death with
magnesium deficient water.  Numerous studies show that many Americans get less
than the Recommended Daily Intake of magnesium.  To correct that deficiency, the
FDA recommends that bottlers fortify bottled or canned water and water-based
beverages, including soft drinks and beer, to provide at least 90 mg of
bio-available magnesium per liter of beverage.  The recommended additive is
magnesium carbonate because it has been more widely tested in practice than
other compounds.  Excluded beverages are naturally magnesium-rich beverages
which need no fortification, such as orange juice (110 mg/L), milk (140 mg/L),
and grape juice (130 mg/L).  Bottlers who wish to fortify to more than 90 mg
magnesium per liter of beverage are cautioned to be aware that excessive
magnesium may cause a laxative effect in some individuals.  Individuals having
kidney failure are advised to consult their doctor before consuming fortified
beverages.

Consumers are urged to use only magnesium-rich water in all cooking or boiling
of food, as magnesium is leached out of foods boiled in soft water."

                          STATEMENT OF GROUNDS

1.  Mg deficiency is widespread in the United States
(1,7,24,44,45,54,61,68,70,73,82,88,93)

2.  Mg deficiency causes atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias,
and cardiovascular death.(5,7,9,20,25,51,78,79,80,81,82,85,87)

3.  A global pattern exists which positively correlates cardiovascular death
with magnesium-deficient water supplies.
(8,9,10,11,13,18,19,20,57,58,66,74,75,76,85).

4.  Supplementation has been shown by intervention or cohort studies to be
effective in lowering the rate of cardio-vascular death.(69,85)  Mg intake
predicted future IHD events (35).

5.  Extensive data suggests that if the Ca/Mg ratio exceeds 2/1, cardiovascular
death is positively correlated with the rising Ca/Mg ratio. (45, also:
Karpannen; Minerals, coronary heart disease, and sudden coronary death.
Advances in Cardiology 25:9-24, 1978.

6.  The NIH has recently recommended a calcium intake of 1500 mg per day.
Studies show American Mg intake is 300 mg/day, which would make an unprecedented
ratio of Ca/Mg of 5/1, with the possibility of a much increased rate of
cardiovascular death.  (expert: Dr. Mildred Seelig).

7.  Boiling food in soft water leaches out more magnesium than does boiling of
food in magnesium-rich water (40,50).

8.  Mg in water is absorbed 30% better and much faster than Mg in food.
(23,25,27,40,50)

9.  Mg may be toxic to persons with kidney dysfunction, but at levels above what
is normally found in wine (110 mg/L Mg).  METAL CONTENT OF CALIFORNIA WINES ;
OUGH, C. S., CROWELL, E. A., BENZ. J.; 1985, JUNE

Besides the references cited above, Dr. Burton Altura has informed me that he
will be submitting a written comment in support of this petition within two
weeks which will include additional citations of the literature of magnesium.

                              ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

I claim a categorical exclusion under paragraph 25.24 of 21 CFR.

                             UNFAVORABLE INFORMATION

1.  Magnesium is commonly sold over-the-counter as a laxative.  Hearsay
indicates that the bottled water from a spring in Bartlett, California,
sometimes has a laxative effect due to its 360 mg/L magnesium content.  Bottled
water from the Adobe Springs in California contains 96 mg/L magnesium, and no
laxative effect has been reported to the bottler.  If assorted brands of foods
and beverages are voluntarily fortified with various amounts of magnesium
without guidelines, there is a strong chance of some consumers experiencing a
laxative effect while other consumers remain deficient in magnesium.

2.  Consumers having kidney failure may tolerate only mineral-free water.

                                   OTHER VIEWS

Dr. C. Everett Koop, retired Surgeon General of the United States, has written
me, "A good case can be made for the correlation of cardiovascular death with
magnesium-deficient water."

Dr. Mildred Seelig has identified a new health hazard caused by a new policy of
the NIH which may vastly increase the number of cardiac deaths in this country:

To explain the problem, Dr. Seelig first quotes Karpannen's article, "Minerals,
Coronary Heart Disease, And Sudden Coronary Death" published in ADVANCES IN
CARDIOLOGY in 1978.  Abstract:  Loss of myocardial K and Mg and increased
myocardial Ca predispose to ventricular arrhythmias and Sudden Coronary Death.
Reference to animal studies and epidemiological studies.  Finland has highest
Ca/Mg ratio (4/1) and SCD rate.  Line graph showing direct correlation of rising
IHD with increasing Ca/Mg ratio.  USA is next with ratio of 3/1.  Japan, Greece,
and Yugoslavia have lowest IHD rate and lowest Ca/Mg ratio.

   "As the Ca/Mg ratio rises, so does the heart attack death rate.

   "Now that the NIH has recommended a Ca intake of 1500 mg/day, the ratio of
Ca/Mg will be about 5/1 since large scale surveys have shown that Americans
(on average) consume no more than 300 mg Mg/day.

   "Providing Mg in water or soft drinks (especially sports drinks--since
surveys show that Mg is likely to be deficient in athletes, and that this may
cause sub-optimal performance) may well be a practical means to correct the
Mg deficiency."

It appears that the NIH's recommendation of a Ca intake of 1500 mg/day may
increase substantially the cardiac death rate in this country because it
destroys the proper Ca/Mg ratio.

Dr. Burton Altura's view is:  "The mean value of about 0.60 mM for ionized Mg2+
is approximately one-half what it is for Ca2+ and thus represents a Ca2+/Mg2+
ratio in human blood of about 2.0.  This ratio may be of more than passing
interest considering that Mg2+ acts as a natural Ca channel blocker and that
variability in either of their concentrations could influence the interpretation
of the effects of the other on conduction, contraction, vasomotor tone, and
numerous functions of cells and tissues."

ANOTHER VIEW:  Most companies selling bottled spring water in America advertise
their water's "purity",  and are loath to admit that the lack of magnesium in
their spring water is a problem.  The bottled water industry has been hostile to
foreign medical journal articles examining the correlation between
cardiovascular death rates and the magnesium content of tap water.  I have
repeatedly brought the problem to the attention of senior officers of the
International Bottled Water Association, but they have expressed no interest
whatever, and some IBWA members have been overtly hostile to the study of
magnesium in water.  Over dinner at a meeting of the California Bottled Water
Association a couple years ago I was told most emphatically that bread should be
fortified instead of beverages.

The problem with the Mg-fortification of food is the dosage.  The most common
foods are bread and salt, yet some people eat almost no bread or salt and other
people eat a lot.  To get a uniform Mg intake without resorting to pills, there
are three possibilities:

1.  Fortify all processed foods with "X"* Mg per Kg of food.  (This method
penalizes people who don't eat processed foods, but maybe they don't need
fortification as much, depending on which unprocessed foods they eat.
Processing often removes Mg.)

2.  Fortify all processed foods/beverages with "X" Mg per Kg of food/beverage.

3.  Fortify beverages with "X" Mg per liter.

*"X" = an adequate amount of Mg fortification to prevent deficiency without
triggering a laxative effect.

Any other method than one of the three above will result in uneven dosages, with
the possibility of some consumers getting the runs and other consumers not
getting enough Mg.  Of the three alternatives above, beverage-borne Mg is 30%
more bio-available, and the cheapest to implement, as there are far fewer
beverages than foods.   Undissolved magnesium carbonate in foods might wear the
enamel off teeth.

Mr. John Albers, Chairman and CEO of the Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up Cos., wrote me a
letter that was friendly and open to the possibility of fortifying beverages
with magnesium, contingent on a favorable reaction from the FDA and other
agencies.

Discussions with isotonic bottlers have also been friendly.  I have supplied all
interested parties with a copy of my paper, "The Economics of Magnesium
Fortification of Beverages" (60).

Dr. Arthur Marx at the California Environmental Health Investigations Branch
(510) 540-3657, has voiced his opinion to me that magnesium chloride, magnesium
oxide, magnesium citrate, and many other magnesium compounds have not been
tested on a large scale for possible unwanted effects.  It is common knowledge
that magnesium carbonate is natural in nearly all ground waters, and magnesium
carbonate is found in some historic European bottled waters at concentrations
yielding more than 90 mg/L magnesium content:

          Apollinaris             122 mg/L
          Gerolsteiner            112 mg/L
          St. Gero                120 mg/L
          Adelheidquelle          107 mg/L
          Rosbacher               128 mg/L

(ref: The Best Bottled Waters In The World, by M & T Green, 1985).

Natural magnesium carbonate in water has been so widely tested in practice for
so many centuries that there is negligible chance of any problem with it.

To test the feasibility of fortifying with magnesium carbonate, I obtained a
pound of USP grade magnesium carbonate in light powder form, 4MgCO3 * Mg(OH)2 *
5H2O.  I mixed .5 teaspoon of it with one cup of distilled water, and got these
results:

               1.  One hour after adding Mg, there was no flavor,
                   but it did end the flatness of the distilled
                   water.  The water was clear.  I thought I
                   detected some sweetness, but it was not as
                   sweet as Adobe Springs.  It tasted OK to me,
                   about the same as a good grade of tap water.

               2.  The mouth-feel was a little bit slippery,
                   which some people also notice in the Adobe
                   Springs' water.

               3.  I tested the TDS using a Myron L "DS" meter.
                   One hour after adding the Mg, the meter read
                   110 ppm TDS, and the undissolved white residue
                   lay in the bottom of the cup.  Three days
                   later, the meter read 220 ppm TDS, and there
                   was noticeably less residue in the bottom.
                   The flavor was unchanged.  After one week, the
                   TDS levelled off at 350 ppm, with some residue
                   still left in the bottom.  With a lesser
                   amount of magnesium carbonate, dissolution is
                   complete.

More views are contained in the 94 articles listed in the Enclosures section of
this petition.


                                  CERTIFICATION

The Undersigned certifies, that, to the best knowledge and belief of the
Undersigned, this petition includes all information and views on which the
petition relies, and that it includes representative data and information known
to the petitioner which are unfavorable to the petition.

(Signature)_________________________________________________

          PAUL W. MASON
          P O Box 1199
          Livermore, Ca. 94551
          tel: (408) 897-3023
          fax: (408) 897-3028

                            REFERENCES AND ENCLOSURES

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          16.  Chipperfield, B.; Chipperfield, J. R.: Cot deaths and
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          19.  Crawford, M. D.: Gardner, M. J.: Morris, J. N.:
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          20.  Crawford, T.;: Prevalence and pathological changes of
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          21.  Dirks, J. H.: The kidney and magnesium regulation:
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          22.  Durlach, J.; Durlach, V.: Rayssiguier, Y.; Ricquier,
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               a magnesium-dependent disease of the transition from
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               Research: 1991.

          23.  Durlach, J.; Bara, M.; Guiet-Bara, A.: Magnesium level
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          26.  Durlach, J.; Durlach, V.; Rayssiguier, Y.; Bara, M.;
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               system: II. Clinical data. A critical review: Molecular
               biology of atherosclerosis: 57th European
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          27.  Durlach, J.; Durlach, V.; Rayssiguier, Y.; Bara, M.;
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          29.  Dyckner, T.; Wester, P. O.: Relation between potassium,
               magnesium and cardiac arrhythmias: 1980?.

          30.  Dyckner, T.; Wester, P. O.: Magnesium in cardiology,
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          34.  Eisenberg, M. J.: Magnesium deficiency and cardiac
               arrhythmias: New York State Journal of Medicine: March,
               1986.

          35.  Elwood, P. C.; Fehily, A. M.; Sweetnam, P. M.; Yarnell
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               disease: The Lancet: Aug. 22, 1992.

          36.  Flink, E. B.: Magnesium deficiency.  Etiology and
               clinical spectrum: 1980?.

          37.  Halpern, G. M.; Van de Water, J.; Delabrois, A.; Keen,
               C.; Gershwin, M. E.: Comparative uptake of calcium from
               milk and a calcium-rich mineral water in lactose
               intolerant adults: American Journal of Preventive
               Medicine: 1991: 7(6) 379.

          38.  Hankin, J. H.; Margen, S.; Goldsmith, N. F.:
               Contribution of hard water to calcium and magnesium
               intakes of adults: Journal of the American Dietetic
               Association: Jan. 31, 1969.

          39.  Hardness Of Drinking Water And Public Health.
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               Luxembourg, May 1975.   Commission of the European
               Communities.

          40.  Haring, B. S. A.; Van Delft, W.: Changes in the mineral
               composition of food as a result of cooking in "hard"
               and "soft" waters: Archives of Environmental Health:
               Jan./Feb. 1981.

          41.  Iseri, L. T.; French, J. H.: Magnesium: Nature's
               physiologic calcium blocker: American Heart Journal:
               July 1984.

          42.  Jones, J. E.; Manalok, R.; Flink, E. B.: Magnesium
               requirements in adults: The American Journal of
               Clinical Nutrition: June 6, 1967.

          43.  Karppanen, H.; Neuvonen, P. J.: Ischaemic heart-disease
               and soil magnesium in Finland; Water hardness and
               magnesium in heart-muscle: The Lancet, Dec. 15, 1973.

          44.  Karppanen, H.; Tanskanen, A.; Tuomilehto, J.; Puska,
               P.; Vuori, J.; Jantti, V.; Seppanen, M.: Safety and
               effects of potassium- and magnesium-containing low
               sodium salt mixtures: Journal of Cardiovascular
               Pharmacology: 1984.

          45.  Karppanen, Heikki: Epidemiological studies on the
               relationship between magnesium intake and
               cardiovascular diseases; Artery: 1981.

          46.  Kubena, K. S.; Durlach, J.: Historical review of the
               effects of marginal intake of magnesium in chronic
               experimental magnesium deficiency: 1990?.

          47.  Lacey, R. F.; Shaper, A. G.: Changes in water hardness
               and cardiovascular death rates: International Journal
               of Epidemiology: 1984.

          48.  Leary, W. P.; Reyes, A. J.; Lockett, C. J.; Arbuckle,
               D. D.; Van der Byl, K.: Magnesium and deaths ascribed
               to ischaemic heart disease in South Africa.  A
               preliminary report.: SA Medical Journal: Vol 64:
               November 5, 1983.

          49.  Levine, B. S.; Coburn, J. W.: Magnesium, The
               mimic/antagonist of calcium: The New England Journal of
               Medicine: May 10, 1984.

          50.  Lowik, M. R. H.; Groot, E. H.; Binnerts, W. T.:
               Magnesium and public health: the impact of drinking
               water: Toxic Substances in Environmental Health: 1982.

          51.  Luoma, H.; Aromaa, A.; Helminen, S.; Murtomaa, H.;
               Kiviluoto, L.; Punsar, S.; Knek, P.: Risk of myocardial
               infarction in Finnish men in relation to fluoride,
               magnesium and calcium concentration in drinking water:
               Acta Med Scand: 1983.

          52.  Magnesium: Coming of Age: editorial: Harvard Heart
               Letter: Aug. 1991.

          53.  Marier, J. R.: Cardio-protective contribution of hard
               waters to magnesium intake: Review of Canadian Biology:
               Vol. 37, No. 2: June 1978: p 115-125.

          54.  Marier, J. R.: Magnesium Content of the Food Supply in
               the Modern-Day World: 1986.

          55.  Marier, J. R.; Neri, L. C.: Quantifying the role of
               magnesium in the interrelationship between human
               mortality/morbidity and water hardness: Magnesium: #4,
               53-59: 1985.

          56.  Masironi, R.: Geochemistry and cardiovascular disease:
               Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 1979.   Cardiovascular
               Disease Unit, World Health Organization.

          57.  Mason, P.; Mason, J.: Calculations of American deaths
               caused by magnesium deficiency, as projected from
               international data: 1994,  publication pending.
               (Available free (408) 897-3023.)

          58.  Mason, P.; Mason, J.: JUSTIFICATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE
               CALCULATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE ARTICLE, "Calculations
               of American deaths caused by magnesium deficiency, as
               projected from international data": 1994 publication
               pending.  (Available free (408) 897-3023.)

          59.  Mason, P.; Mason, J.: Calculations of deaths caused by
               magnesium deficient bottled water in California: 1994,
               publication pending.  (Available free (408) 897-3023.)

          60.  Mason, P.; Mason, J.: The economics of magnesium
               fortification of beverages: 1994, publication pending.
               (Available free (408) 897-3023.)

          61.  Molloy, D. W.; Dhingra, S.; Solven, F.; Wilson, A.;
               Mccarthy, D. S.: Hypomagnesemia and respiratory muscle
               power: Concise Clinical Studies: 1984.

          62.  Neri, L. C.; Hewitt, D.; Mandel, J. S.: Risk of sudden
               death in soft water-area: American Journal of
               epidemiology: Aug., 1971.

          63.  Neri, L. C.; Johansen, H. L.: Water hardness and
               cardiovascular mortality: Annals New York Academy of
               Sciences: 1978.

          64.  Peterson, D. R.; Thompson, D. J.; Nam, J.: Water
               hardness, arteriosclerotic heart disease and sudden
               death: 1970.

          65.  Pocock, S. J.; Shaper, A. G.; Cook, D. G.; Packham, R.
               F.; Lacey, R. F.; Powell, P.; Russell, P. F.: British
               Regional Heart Study: Geographic Variations in
               Cardiovascular Mortality, and the Role of Water
               Quality: Feb. 20, 1980.

          66.  Punsar, S.; Karvonen, M. J.: Drinking water quality and
               sudden death: observations from West and East Finland:
               Cardiology: 1979.

          67.  Rasmussen, H. S.; McNair, P.; Goransson, L.; Balslov,
               S.; Larsen, O. G.; Aurup, P.: Magnesium deficiency in
               patients with ischemic heart disease with or without
               acute myocardial infarction uncovered by an intravenous
               loading test: Arch Intern Med: Feb., 1988.

          68.  Rayssiguier, Y.; Gueux, E.: Magnesium and lipids in
               cardiovascular disease: Journal of the American College
                of Nutrition: 1986.

          69.  Rayssiguier, Y.; Gueux, E.; Durlach, V.; Durlach, J.;
               Nassir, F.; Mazur, A.: Magnesium and the cardiovascular
               system: I. New experimental data on magnesium and
               lipoproteins: Molecular biology of atherosclerosis:
               57th European Atherosclerosis Society Meeting: 1992.

          70.  Reinhard, R. A.; Desbiens, N. A.: Hypomagnesemia in
               patients entering the ICU: Critical Care Medicine:
               1985.

          71.  Reyes, A. J.; Leary, W. P.: Pathogenesis of
               arrhythmogenic changes due to magnesium depletion: SA
               Medical Journal: Aug. 27, 1983.

          72.  Rylander, R.; Bonevik, H.; Rubenowitz, E.: Magnesium
               and calcium in drinking water and cardiovascular
               mortality: Scand J Work Environ Health: 1991.

          73.  Ryzen, E.; Wagers, P. W.; Singer, F. R.; Rude, R. K.;
               Magnesium deficiency in a medical ICU population:
               Critical Care Medicine: 1985.

          74.  Schroeder, H. A.: Municipal drinking water and
               cardiovascular death rates: JAMA: Jan. 10, 1966.

          75.  Schroeder, H. A.: Relation between mortality from
               cardiovascular disease and treated water supplies:
               JAMA: April 23, 1960.

          76.  Schroeder, H. A.; Kraemer, L. A.: Cardiovascular
               Mortality, Municipal Water, and Corrosion: Arch Environ
               Health: Vol 28: June 1974.

          77.  Schuette, S. A.; Hartmann, S. C.; Ting, B. T. G.;
               Janghorbani, M.: Feasibility of measuring organ
               magnesium turnover in vivo by continuous feeding of a
               stable isotope: J Nutr Biochem: January 1992.

          78.  Seelig, M. S.; Heggtveit, H. A.: Magnesium
               interrelationships in ischemic heart disease: a review:
               The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Jan. 1974.

          79.  Seelig, M. S.: Magnesium Requirements in Human
               Nutrition: Contemporary Nutrition: Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan.
               1982.

          80.  Seelig, M. S.: Overview: recognizing the problem of
               magnesium deficiency: Proceedings of the University of
               Missouri's 22nd annual conference on trace substances
               in environmental health: May 23, 1988.

          81.  Seelig, M. S. : Nutritional status and requirements of
               magnesium with consideration of individual differences
               and prevention of cardiovascular disease: Magnesium
               Bulletin: no. 8: 1986.

          82.  Seelig, M. S.: The requirement of magnesium by the
               normal adult; summary and analysis of published data:
               American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Vol. 14: June
               1964.

          83.  Seelig, M. S.: Possible Role of Magnesium in disorders
               of the aged: Modern Aging Research: p 279-305: 1983.

          84.  Shine, K. I.; Myocardial effects of magnesium: The
               American Physiological Society: 1979.    Not available.

          85.  Singh, R. B.; Effect of dietary magnesium
               supplementation in the prevention of coronary heart
               disease and sudden cardiac death.   Magnesium And Trace
               Elements, 1990; 9.

          86.  Singh, R. B.; Cameron, E. A.: Relation of myocardial
               magnesium deficiency to sudden death in ischemic heart
               disease: American Heart Journal, Letters to the editor:
               March 1982.

          87.  Turlapaty, P.; Altura, B. M.: Magnesium deficiency
               produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to
               etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease:
               Science: April 1980.

          88.  Tzivoni, D.; Keren, A.: Suppression of ventricular
               arrhythmias by magnesium: The American Journal of
               Cardiology: June 1, 1990.

          89.  Ventricular arrhythmias and magnesium: Patient Care:
               October 15, 1990.

          90.  Water Hardness and Cardiovascular Disease: Drinking
               Water and Health: 1979?.

          91.  Wester, P. O.: Magnesium--effect on arrhythmias:
               International Journal of Cardiology: 1986.

          92.  Whang, R.; Oei, T. O.; Aikawa, J. K.; Watanabe, A.;
               Vannatta, J.; Fryer, A.; Markanich, M.: Predictors of
               clinical hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia,
               hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia: Arch Intern Med: Sept.
               1984.

          93.  Wong, E. T.; Rude, R. K.; Singer, F. R.; Shaw, S. T.: A
               high prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia
               in hospitalized patients: American Society of Clinical
               Pathologists: March 1983.

          94.  Zipes, D. P.: Sudden cardiac death: The American
               Journal of Cardiology: Feb. 1979.

==============================================================================
Article 5 *****

          THE ECONOMICS OF MAGNESIUM FORTIFICATION OF BEVERAGES

          The cost of magnesium fortification of all water-based
          canned or bottled beverages in California, bringing them up
          to 90 mg/L by the addition of magnesium chloride
          hexahydrate, is about $42 Million per annum.  The savings,
          as previously reported, are between 24,886 and 100,350 lives
          per annum in California (2).

          The economic benefit of magnesium fortification can be
          estimated at $200,000 per life, if the consumer earns only
          $20,000 per year for an additional 10 years.  Perhaps an
          equal number of consumers would have been incapacitated by
          heart disease (or fear of heart attack), and so their
          earnings would also have been lost due to the lack of
          magnesium.   There may be a few Billions more savings in
          medical care and supporting incapacitated heart-attack
          victims.  So the economic benefits in California of
          magnesium fortification would be at least $10 Billion per
          annum, and the cost/benefit ratio is better than 1/237.  The
          cost of preventing these 24,886 to 100,350 deaths is between
          $418 and $1,687 each per annum.   The cost per consumer is
          $1.40 per annum, as obtained by dividing the $42 Million
          cost by the 30 Million California consumers.

          These calculations of the cost of magnesium fortification
          are based on these assumptions:

          1.  That the cost of food grade magnesium chloride is $1.46
              per lb., (truck-load price as quoted by Mallinkrodt
              Chemical Corp. in St. Louis).  I assume that economies
              of scale would at least cover the transport cost.

          2.  That based on atomic weights, magnesium chloride
              contains only 12% magnesium by weight.

          3.  That the established formula for determining the
              quantity of additive is:

              Dosage mg/L * Millions of Gal. * 8.34 = lb of elemental Mg.

          4.  That the population of California is 30,000,000.

          5.  That the liquid consumption in California is the RDA of
              182.5 gallons per annum.

          6.  That 84.2% of the liquid consumption is water-based (1),
              including beer, but excluding milk, fresh juices, and
              wine.  (Note that milk, most juices, and wine are all
              rich in Mg.)

          7.  That homemade beverages such as coffee, tea, and
              lemonade will be made only with Mg-rich bottled water.
              And all water consumption will be from bottles, not tap.

          8.  That the source of ingredient water contains only an
              insignificant amount of natural magnesium.  (Los
              Angeles' water actually contains 9-30 mg/L Mg, but San
              Francisco has less than 1 mg/L; some bottlers "strip"
              the water of minerals with reverse osmosis before
              flavoring or carbonating it.)

          9.  That annually magnesium deficiency causes the death of
              .003345 of a subset comprising .248 of the population.
              It is unknown if the same rate of death affects the rest
              of the population, including the high-risk groups of
              infants and the aged.

          Based on the above assumptions, the following calculation
          can be made:  30,000,000 population multiplied by 182.5
          gallons per annum is 5,475,000,000 gallons, which when
          multiplied by .842 yields 4,609,950,000 gallons of
          water-based beverages consumed per annum in California.  90
          mg/L * 4,610 Million Gal. * 8.34 = 3,460,266 lb. Mg.  Since
          magnesium chloride hexahydrate is only 12 % magnesium by
          weight, it will take 28,835,550 lb. of magnesium chloride
          hexahydrate per annum to treat all the water-based bottled
          or canned beverages in the State of California.  At $1.46
          per lb., that works out to $42,099,903 per annum.
          Projecting that to the United States as a whole, the cost of
          fortifying all water-based bottled or canned beverages in
          the U.S. would be $350,832,500 per annum, and the benefits
          would be at least $86 Billion, plus Billions more saved in
          medical care and supporting the incapacitated survivors of
          heart attacks.  So the cost/benefit ratio is better than
          1/237, and more than pays for itself.

          One Dollar's worth of magnesium chloride would treat 1,171
          twelve-ounce servings of beverage.

          It is clear that magnesium chloride is too expensive to be
          used for treating municipal supplies; the American Water
          Works Association reports that the 58,000 community water
          systems in the country process 38.5 Billion gallons per day,
          which would cost $121 Billion per annum to treat with
          magnesium chloride.  It may be much cheaper to filter
          municipal water through a large bed of crushed magnesium
          ore, leaching the magnesium into the water.

          Until now, the International Magnesium Producer's
          Association has been primarily concerned with metallic
          magnesium, but that market is only about $900 Million per
          annum world-wide; the global market for food-grade magnesium
          compounds for bottled beverages appears to be much larger
          than the metallic market.

          Bottlers will benefit from the stronger economy and the
          larger "Share of Stomach" that their fortified products will
          win from tap water.  Magnesium fortification of bottled
          beverages can be implemented much sooner than fortification
          of municipal supplies, as much less work needs to be done to
          implement bottled fortification.  Currently, bottlers have a
          Share of Stomach of about 60%, and tap water has about a 40%
          Share of Stomach, as it is used for fresh-brewed coffee,
          tea, powdered drinks, and as drinking water (1).

          If consumers are advised by government agencies to use
          fortified bottled water or other fortified beverages instead
          of tap water, bottlers may see their Share of Stomach rise
          from 60% to 80% or more, which would increase their sales
          volume by at least 33%.  Fortification is a more certain way
          of gaining added sales volume than the uncertainty of
          advertising campaigns.

          Fortification of bottled and canned beverages could be
          implemented sooner by voluntary, profitable compliance than
          by government decree.  Instead of the government subsidizing
          magnesium fortification with inefficient tax dollars, it
          would be cheaper and faster to simply announce the benefits
          of magnesium-rich beverages, which, combined with the new
          labelling law, would create a market incentive for bottlers
          to fortify.  Later, after the initial marketing frenzy, the
          government can mandate a minimum standard for all bottlers.

          It is possible that magnesium chloride is not the most ideal
          additive in terms of taste--it is reportedly bitter.  Adobe
          Springs' water is sweet, not bitter, and contains 96 mg/L
          magnesium which is thought to be in the form of magnesium
          carbonate.  Milk, most juices, and wine are also rich in
          magnesium without bitterness.  So perhaps magnesium
          carbonate or magnesium citrate would be tastier additives.

          I have heard bottlers say that bread should be fortified
          instead of beverages.  One problem with bread is the dosage;
          some people eat almost no bread, and others eat a lot.  Only
          beverages show a uniform pattern of consumption, providing a
          stable dosage.  And water-borne magnesium is 30% more
          bio-available than food-borne magnesium.  Athletes or others
          who drink a lot also sweat and urinate a lot, losing
          magnesium; so magnesium fortified beverages are the perfect
          vehicle for replacing lost magnesium.

          June 18, 1994
          Revised Aug. 29, 1994

          Paul Mason
          P.O. Box 1417
          Patterson, CA  95363
          tel (408) 897-3023
          fax (408) 897-3028

                                   REFERENCES

          1.  BEVERAGE INDUSTRY Annual Manual, 1993-1994, p 12.

          2.  Formula for Magnesium Deficiency Death Index - Municipal,
          as given in the article, Calculations of American Deaths Caused By
          Magnesium Deficiency, As Projected From International Data,
          publication pending in Magnesium And Trace Elements, 1994.

=============================================================================
Article 6 **********

          A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MAGNESIUM CATASTROPHE IN THE UNITED
          STATES

          Since 1940, between 8 million and 32 million Americans have
          died from magnesium deficiency, which causes cardiac
          disease, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac death, and suicide,
          among other causes of death (1,2).  Currently, annual
          American deaths from magnesium deficiency are between
          215,000 and 869,000 (1).

          By comparison, the deaths from the Hiroshima atom bomb were
          only 80,000 to 200,000, so magnesium deficiency is
          equivalent to the atomic bombings of several small American
          cities each year.  For another comparison, all American war
          deaths in the history of the country total much less than
          2,000,000, so magnesium deficiency is a much greater
          catastrophe than all American wars combined.  Another
          comparison is Hitler's Holocaust, which claimed 6-10 million
          lives.


           COMPARISONS OF Mg-DEFICIENCY DEATHS TO OTHER CATASTROPHES


          CAUSE OF DEATH                LOW ESTIMATE     HIGH ESTIMATE

          Mg Deficit 1940-1994           8,000,000         32,000,000
          Annual USA Mg Deficit            215,000            869,000
          Hiroshima Atom Bomb               80,000            200,000
          All American War Deaths        1,500,000          2,000,000
          Hitler's Holocaust             6,000,000         10,000,000



          No doubt each of the intelligence agencies will argue that
          Mg deficiency is a problem outside their special mandate,
          and so is no fault of theirs.  Those assigned to foreign
          territories will claim that even though almost all the
          research has been conducted outside the U.S., the deaths
          occurred inside the U.S., so it is of no concern to the
          external intelligence agencies.  And intelligence agencies
          covering the domestic beat will argue just the opposite,
          that nearly all the information lay outside of the U.S., and
          therefore outside their jurisdiction.  And all the
          intelligence agencies will argue that it's not their job to
          keep track of the failures of domestic agencies, such as
          NIH, NAS, FDA, CDC, and the Surgeon General.  And they will
          argue that these are not 8 million to 32 million cases of
          manslaughter or criminal negligence, but merely 8-32 million
          cases of accidental death, and therefore not their concern.

          How did such a catastrophe occur?  By the myopia caused by
          venality, hubris, and power struggles, similar to the
          gridlock that enveloped NASA for several decades.

          From reading and personal discussions, I have gained the
          following historical overview.

          Until 1940, medicine in this country was regulated by the
          American Medical Association, which functioned as part
          medieval guild, part old-boy social club, and as a
          quasi-governmental regulatory agency.  The AMA would finger
          charlatans, who would then be prosecuted or hounded out of
          business.  From the very first, the AMA has been very
          conscious of the financial aspects of the medical
          profession, generally choosing the most expensive procedures
          rather than the simple cures.  Home remedies and folk
          medicine were suspect because they were cheap, and the
          practitioners were outside the club.   Many mineral spring
          waters were commonly thought to have curative powers, which
          was an old European tradition still practiced in Europe.
          But mineral water was cheap and not within the control of
          the AMA, so it was gradually suppressed, and Americans were
          taught that "pure" water was best, meaning no minerals.  In
          1880, American mineral waters were popular, but by 1950,
          "pure" was in.

          Evidently, the AMA's conflicts of interest caused the
          government to wish for an "arm's length" regulatory agency,
          and so the FDA was born in 1940, an offspring of New Deal
          legislation.  But the FDA was staffed by AMA doctors and
          others who had been educated in the way the AMA thought, so
          little changed.  The FDA had its own reasons for suppressing
          the benefits of minerals in water; the FDA wanted only
          "proven" benefits, meaning proofs that had required vast
          quantities of FDA man-hours.  It was not sufficient that
          something worked; it had to enhance the FDA bureaucracy by
          requiring thousands or millions of pages of documentation.
          The mineral water industry, lacking patents to protect any
          investment, and prohibited from any health claims, was
          slowly strangled and replaced with companies peddling "pure"
          water.

          As the decades rolled along, it became increasingly evident
          that water-borne Mg plays a major role in the prevention of
          all kinds of cardiac disease and cardiac death, and a
          hundred other ailments.  But by 1980, magnesium had become
          an embarrassment to the American medical establishment as
          the magnitude of the blunder and cover-up became evident, so
          an even stronger, informal campaign of denial and
          suppression began.  Numerous blue-ribbon committees stated
          that magnesium deficiency had no connection to any chronic
          diseases, etc, etc.

          In the 1950's through the present, Dr. Mildred Seelig has
          carried the banner  of magnesium in the U.S., but she has
          been ignored, and has received negligible funding.  In the
          1970's through 1994, Doctors Bella and Burton Altura have
          carried the banner of magnesium, and the evidence has become
          overwhelming, but the FDA, NAS, NIH, and others have simply
          ignored or denied the evidence.  By then these agencies
          could not bear to acknowledge that they had blundered,
          covered up, and killed millions in the process.

          And so things stand:  overwhelming evidence, mostly foreign,
          that magnesium can prevent much heart disease and cardiac
          death; and a huge heart-disease industry loathe to destroy
          itself by admitting that much heart disease is easily and
          cheaply preventable with magnesium; thousands of heart
          specialists who will be out of work if magnesium intakes are
          increased to 10 mg per Kg of body weight; dozens or hundreds
          of cardiac hospitals that will go bankrupt if magnesium
          intake is increased to 10 mg/Kg; and a host of guilty
          government health agencies who don't wish to admit their bad
          advice has killed millions; and all the brave intelligence
          agencies who don't want to be involved, and would rather let
          millions die than get into a turf war with the FDA and AMA,
          et al.

          So what to do now?   BLOW THE WHISTLE!

          July 4, 1994
          Paul Mason
          P.O. Box 1417
          Patterson, CA  95363  USA
          Tel: (408) 897-3023
          FAX:  (408) 897-3028



                                   REFERENCES


          1.  Mason, P., publication pending, Calculations of American
          Deaths Caused By Magnesium Deficiency, As Projected From
          International Data, 1/5/94, p 2.  Order from:  Paul Mason,
          P.O. Box 1417, Patterson, CA  95363, USA.  Available free.

          2.  Lesser.  Nutrition and Vitamin Therapy. p 112.



=============================================================================
Article 7 **********

          Jan. 10, 1995

          Food And Drug Administration
          Freedom of Information Act Office
          HFI-35, Room 12A-16
          5600 Fishers Lane
          Rockville, Md. 20857
          (301) 443-6310

          Dear Sir or Ms:

          This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act.

          I request that I receive from you copies of documents
          obtained by a complete and thorough search of all filing
          systems and locations for all records maintained by your
          agency pertaining to the mineral content of water, or health
          benefit/disbenefit of water, or health claims concerning
          water.   I also request the same information concerning
          water-based beverages such as soft drinks and beer.    This
          search is to include any policy statements, research,
          records, letters, media announcements, and reports, and any
          other written materials.   The time frame is Jan. 1, 1776 to
          Jan. 15, 1995.

          I also request any written materials adressed to, or from,
          or copied to, or which mention, Dr. Elkan Blout, consultant
          to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, concerning water,
          other beverages, magnesium, or calcium, during the period
          Jan. 1, 1985 to Jan. 12, 1995.

          I also request specifically that I receive copies of any
          communications on any of the above subjects to or from the
          following entities:

          1.  any office of the FDA
          2.  any predecessor agency of the FDA, such as the American
          Medical Association
          3.  the International Bottled Water Association
          4.  any predecessor to the International Bottled Water
              Association
          5.  any associations related to water and water-based
          beverages, such as soft drinks and beer.
          6.  any bottlers or distributors of water and water-based
          beverages such as soft drinks and beer.
          7.  any owners or operators of water sources such as
          municipalities, private water companies, wells, springs,
          streams, and bodies of water.
          8.  The American Water Works Association, or any other
          association of water system operators.
          9.  any other state, federal or local agency, including the
          Federal Bureau of Investigation, or foreign
          governments, or any elected or appointed official or
          judge of any state, local, or federal entity.
          10. any other affected or interested private party.


          I also request all "see references" to these names, a search
          of the ELSUR Index or any similar technique for locating
          records of electronic surveillance.

          Please place any "missing" files pertaining to this request
          on "special locate" and advise that you have done this.

          If documents are denied in part or in whole, please specify
          which exemption(s) is(are) claimed for each passage or whole
          document denied.   Please provide a complete itemized
          inventory and detailed factual justification of total or
          partial denial of documents.  Please specify the number of
          pages in each document and the total number of pages
          pertaining to this request.   For classified material
          denied, please include the following information:  the
          classification rating (such as confidential, secret, or top
          secret); identify the classifier; date or event for
          automatic declassification, classification review, or
          downgrading;  if applicable, identify the official
          authorizing extension or deferral of automatic
          declassification or review; and, if applicable, give the
          reason for extended or deferred classification.

          I request that excised material be "blacked out" rather than
          "whited out" or "cut out".  I expect, as provided by the
          Freedom of Information Act, that the remaining non-exempt
          portions of documents will be released.

          Please send a memo (copy to me) to the appropriate units in
          your office or agency to assure that no records related to
          this request are destroyed.  Please advise of any
          destruction of records and include the date of and authority
          for such destruction.

          As I expect to appeal any denials, please specify the office
          and address to which such an appeal should be directed.

          I believe my request qualifies for a waiver of fees since
          the release of the requested information would primarily
          benefit the general public and be "in the public interest"
          for these reasons:

          The attached research papers, "Calculations of American
          Deaths Caused By Magnesium Deficiency As Projected From
          International Data" and the paper, "A Short History Of The
          Magnesium Deficiency Catastrophe In The United States",
          strongly suggests that 8 million Americans have died from
          magnesium deficiency since 1940, and that these 8 million
          deaths are in large part due to the actions of the FDA since
          1940 and the actions of the FDA's functional predecesssor,
          the American Medical Association since about 1880, in that
          these agencies did discourage and disparage the consumption
          of minerals in water so that now American bottled waters
          contain only 15% as much magnesium as European bottled
          waters, and, unlike Europe, consumption of low-TDS municipal
          water has been encouraged and approved by the FDA in the
          U.S.   These policies have apparently killed 8 million
          Americans since 1940.

          This subject is a matter of "genuine public interest" in
          that hundreds of messages on this subject have been posted
          and exchanged on the Internet in the last three months, and
          the State of California's Dept. of Health has been
          conducting a related investigation, and this matter is the
          subject of a related Citizen Petition to the FDA, Docket
          94P-0361/CP1.  Furthermore, as author of the Citizen
          Petition and the articles previously cited, I am qualified
          to interpret and disseminate the information to the public,
          and my over-riding concern is the public interest of
          preventing about 215,000 deaths per annum.

          I can be reached at the phone listed below.  Please call
          rather than write if there are any questions or if you need
          additional information from me.

          I expect a response to this request within ten (10) working
          days, as provided for in the Freedom Of Information Act.

          Sincerely,


          Paul W. Mason
          P O Box 1417
          Patterson, Ca. 95363
          Tel: (408) 897-3023
          FAX: (408) 897-3028

          encl:

          1.  Calculations of American Deaths Caused By Magnesium
          Deficiency, As Projected From International Data
          2.  A Short History of The Magnesium Catastrophe In The
          United States
          3.  Citizen Petition to the FDA, Docket 94P-0361/CP1



=============================================================================
Article 8 **********

          Summary of Magnesium Seminar Jan. 9, 1995

          Prof. Ragnar Rylander of Goteborg University, Sweden, was
          the lead speaker at a seminar on magnesium in Emeryville,
          Ca., on Jan. 9, 1995.   Prof. Rylander is the author of
          Magnesium And Calcium In Drinking Water And Cardiovascular
          Mortality, and has written many other papers on magnesium
          and public health.  Prof. Rylander is a consultant to the
          Swedish government concerning the health impacts of
          magnesium deficiency and public health policy.

          Prof. Rylander has kindly given me permission to summarize
          my notes on his talk for distribution on the Internet.
          Prof. Rylander had to catch a plane, so he has not reviewed
          these notes, and any errors are mine alone. -- Paul Mason

          Prof. Rylander began by noting that there is an abundance of
          literature on the health impacts of hard water, indicating
          that hard water is healthier than soft water.

          Prof. Rylander noted that serum Mg levels have been a poor
          indicator of intra-cellular Mg levels, and it is the
          intra-cellular levels that really count.   At the moment
          there is no good indicator of intra-cellular Mg levels.

          Mg is involved in 300 enzymes, which gives some indication
          of its importance.

          Intake of Mg is not the same as Uptake.  When Mg is ingested
          with fatty foods, it turns to Mg soaps, and passes through
          without doing much good; perhaps only 1% is then utilized by
          the body.   Calcium also reduces the body's uptake of Mg.

          Mg uptake is increased by protein, sodium, and phosphorus.

          Mg deficiency has many clinical symptoms.  In muscles the
          symptoms include weakness, tremor, convulsions, ataxia,
          nystagmus.   In the central nervous system Mg deficiency
          causes apatia.  Mg deficiency in the heart muscle causes
          tachycardia, fibrillation, arterial hypotension,
          atherosclerosis, and sudden death.  And in the metabolism Mg
          deficiency causes sensitivity to digitalis and hypocalcemia.

          There is an extremely high plausibility of a causal
          connection between Mg deficiency and heart disease.

          Studies in Switzerland, Germany, and Sweden all noted that
          when the Mg content of drinking water exceeds 10-15 mg/L,
          the rate of mortality falls in comparison to neighboring
          communities having lower Mg in drinking water.

          Some problems presented by Mg are:

          1.  Why is Mg in water so critical compared to Mg in food?

          2.  Why is the Mg relation (mortality) weaker for females
          than for males?

          3.  Does Mg protect only people genetically susceptible to
          Mg deficiency, or is everyone protected?

          4.  More intervention studies need to be done.  The only big
          one so far for dietary Mg was Dr. R. B. Singh's in
          Moradabad, India, which for 10 years gave one group 1,142
          mg/day while the control group got 418 mg/day.   The
          higher-intake group had a much lower rate of death.  Effect
          Of Dietary Magnesium Supplementation In The Prevention Of
          Coronary Heart Disease And Sudden Cardiac Death.  RB Singh,
          Magnesium and Trace Elements, 1990;9:143-151.

          The data supporting the importance of Mg in preventing heart
          disease is "quite convincing".

          The Mg deficiency problem is as important as the smoking
          problem.

          The case for the Mg deficiency problem is more solid than
          the case for air pollution as a health problem.

          As a public health problem, Mg deficiency should have a
          "high priority".

          Many Thanks to Prof. Rylander for his informative
          presentation, which may be a first step toward solving the
          Mg deficiency problem in California.

          Paul Mason

=============================================================================
Article 9 **********
                 MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY AND SUICIDE IN FINLAND

     Many Finns are magnesium-deficient because northern and eastern
     Finland have  magnesium-deficient soil and water [1,2].   In these
     magnesium-deficient areas, the suicide rate is particularly high [46].
     Magnesium deficiency is implicated in the development of ischaemic
     heart disease [3].

     Finns have a decades-old habit of drinking hard liquor in fierce
     binges [46].  Alcohol is magnesium-depleting [4, 5, 6, 7].  Twenty
     minutes after ingesting one ounce of alcohol, magnesium losses in the
     urine have increased by 167 percent [48].

     The latest sharp rise in the suicide rate coincided with a boom
     economy [46].  The refined modern diet in industrialized countries is
     low in magnesium and is magnesium-depleting  [8, 9, 10, 11, 12].
     Synthetic fertilizers and destructive cooking practices also
     contribute to deficiency [49].

     Approximately three fourths of Finnish suicide deaths are men [46].
     Men require more magnesium and are more likely to be magnesium
     deficient than women [13].  Men also tend to drink more alcohol at a
     time and more often than women.

     Some symptoms of magnesium deficiency are irritability and
     belligerence [14].  Sociologists and police say Finns can be quite
     violent [46].  A study of criminals in Finland who committed acts of
     wanton violence discovered low levels of serotonin [50], which is
     related to magnesium deficiency [20,21,22,23].

     Another symptom of magnesium deficiency is depression [15].
     Depression is a mood disorder which can lead to suicide [16].  The
     majority of Finnish suicide victims in a random sample of suicide
     victims from a nationwide suicide population suffered from depressive
     disorders (59%) and/or alcohol dependence or abuse (43%) [17].

     The activity of serotonin receptors are affected by changes in
     magnesium levels [19, 20, 21, 22, 23].  Taber's Cyclopedic Medical
     Dictionary says that serotonin is a potent vasoconstrictor and is
     thought to be involved in neural mechanisms important in sleep and
     sensory perception.  Abnormal serotonin activity is implicated in
     migraine headaches.  A relationship between migraine and magnesium has
     been established [18].  There is also a connection between migraine
     and major depression [19].  It has also been found that magnesium
     relieves the depression of premenstrual syndrome by changing serotonin
     activity  [24].

     Serotonin has been shown to suppress harmful behaviour impulses [25].
     Abnormality in the brain serotoninergic system is associated with
     depression and suicidal behaviour [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33].
     It is suggested that suicidal behaviour be treated with drugs with
     serotoninergic effects [34, 35].  However, magnesium can give dramatic
     results in a short time and is natural and easily available.

     A connection between magnesium and suicide has been found.  In a study
     of suicide statistics, French scientist M. L. Robinet discovered that:

          The comparison of geological maps and statistics establishes
          in a striking manner the influence of the magnesium content
          of the soil on the number of suicides...It is evident that
          one doesn't commit suicide because the soil is poor in
          magnesium.  But, those who regularly absorbed a good amount
          of magnesium salts have a more stable equilibrium, they
          support adversity with more calm and do not renounce
          everything to avoid some sorrow... The use of magnesium
          permits one to support adversity with more serenity [47].

     It is often 20 or 30 years before research results reported each month
     on animal experimental diets are studied and applied to humans [36].
     However, magnesium supplementation is inexpensive and safe [37].  A
     supplement of 750 to 1000 milligrams of magnesium per day can relieve
     depression within a few days.  It is commonly advised that calcium be
     taken with magnesium in a ratio of 2:1.

     I have suggested to the Finnish Dept. of Health that the accuracy of
     these explanations be confirmed by correlating Finland's high suicide
     areas with high ischaemic heart disease areas and with
     magnesium-deficient areas.  Also, autopsies of suicides should be
     performed to determine if magnesium deficiency was present.

     Supplementation could be accomplished with either oral magnesium salts
     or the consumption of water with a high magnesium content.  Water
     containing ionized magnesium provides the highest degree of
     bioavailability [38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45].


     J. K. Mason
     Adobe Springs
     P.O. Box 1417
     Patterson, CA  95363
     March 12, 1994
                                   REFERENCES




     1.  Karppanen, H.; Neuvonen, P.J.  Ischaemic heart-disease and soil
     magnesium in Finland; water hardness and magnesium in heart muscle.
     The Lancet.  1973 Dec 15.

     2.  Punsar, S.; Karvonen, M. J.  Drinking water quality and sudden
     death: observations from West and East Finland.  Cardiology.  1979.

     3.  Rayssiguier, E.; Gueux, E.; Durlach, V.; Durlach, J.; Nassir, F.;
     Mazur A.  Magnesium and the cardiovascular system: I. New experimental
     data on magnesium and lipoproteins.  Molecular Biology of
     Atherosclerosis.  1991.

     4.  Chadda, Kul D.; Lichstein, Edgar; Gupta, Prem.  Hypomagnesemia and
     refractory cardiac arrhythmia in a nondigitalized patient.  The
     American Journal of Cardiology. 1973 Jan.

     5.  Durlach, J.  Societe Internationale pour le Developpement des
     Recherches sur le Magnesium.  1992 Nov 16.

     6.  Dirks, John H.; Alfrey, Allen C.  Normal and abnormal magnesium
     metabolism.  Renal Research.  1984.

     7.  Dirks, John H.  The kidney and magnesium regulation.  Kidney
     International.  1983.

     8.  Morton, B. C.; Nair, R. C.; Smith, F. M.; McKibbon, T. G.;
     Poznanski, W. J.  Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction--a
     double-blind study. 1984.

     9.  Johnson, Carl J.; Peterson, Donald R.; Smith, Elizabeth K.
     Myocardial tissue concentrations of magnesium and potassium in men
     dying suddenly from ischemic heart disease.  1979 May.

     10.  Anderson, T. W.; Neri, L. C. Schrieber, G. B.; Talbot, F. D. F.;
     Zdrojewski, A.  Ischemic heart disease, water hardness and myocardial
     magnesium, CMA Journal.  1975 Aug 9.

     11.  Karppanen, Heikki.  Epidemiological studies on the relationship
     between magnesium intake and cardiovascular diseases; relation of
     water hardness, and magnesium content of water and soil, to
     cardiovascular diseases, Artery.   1981.

     12.  Marier, J. R.  Magnesium content of the food supply in the
     modern-day world.  1986.

     13.  Seelig, Mildred S.  The requirement of magnesium by the normal
     adult. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  1964 June.

     14.  Davis, Adelle.  Let's Eat Right to Keep Fit.  Harcourt Brace
     Jovanovich, Inc. New York.  1970.

     15.  Bricklin, Mark.  New respect for nutritional healing.
     (Editorial). v44, Prevention.  Feb 1992.

     16.  Mondimore, Francis Mark.  Depression, The Mood Disorder.  The
     John Hopkins University Press.  Baltimore.  1990.

     17.  Henriksson, M. M.; Aro, H. M.; Marttunen, M. J.; Heikkinen, M.
     E.; Isometsa, E. T.; Kuoppasalmi, K. I.; Lonnqvist, J. K.  Mental
     disorders and comorbidity in suicide.  Am J Psychiatry.  1993 Jun.

     18.  Facchinetti, Fabio; Sances, Grazia; Borella, Paola; Genazzani,
     Andrea R.; Nappi, Giuseppe.  Magnesium prophylaxis of menstrual
     migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium, Headache.  1991 May.

     19.  Breslau, N.; Davis, G. C.  Migraine, physical health and
     psychiatric disorder: a prospective epidemiologic study in young
     adults.  J Psychiatr Res.  1993 Apr-Jun.

     20.  Swanson, Don R.  Migraine and magnesium: eleven neglected
     connections, Perspectives in biology and medicine.  1988 Summer.

     21.  Mauskop, A.; Altura, B. T.; Cracco, R. Q.; Altura, B. M.
     Deficiency in serum ionized magnesium but not ICa 2+ /IMg 2+  total in
     patients with migraines. Possible role of ratio.  Headache.  1993
     March.

     22.  Gallai, Virgilio; Sarchielli, Paola; Morucci, Piero;  Abbritti,
     Giuseppe.  Red blood cell magnesium levels in migraine patients.
     Cephalagia.  1993.

     23.  Gallai, Virgilio; Sarchielli, Paola; Coata, Giuliana; Firenze,
     Caterina; Morucci, Piero; Abbritti, Giuseppe.  Serum and salivary
     magnesium levels in migraine.  Results in a group of juvenile
     patients, Headache.  1992 March.

     24.  Facchinetti, Fabio; Borella, Paola; Sances, Grazia; Fioroni,
     Loredana; Nappi, Rossella E; Genazzani, Andrea R.  Oral magnesium
     successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes, Obstetrics and
     Gynecology.  1991 August.

     25.  Hawthon, K; Cowen, P.; Owens, D.; Bond, A.; Elliot, M.  Low serum
     cholesterol and suicide.  Br J Psychiatry.  1993 Jun.

     26.  Hrdina, P. D.; Demeter, E.; Vu, T. B.; Sotonyi, P.; Palkovits, M.
     5-HT uptake sites and 5-HT2 receptors in brain of antidepressant-free
     suicide victims/depressives: increase in 5-HT2 sites in cortex and
     amygdala.  Brain Res.  1993 Jun 18.

     27.  Trasskman-Bendz, L.; Alling, C.; Alsen, M.; Regnell, G.;
     Simonsson, Pl; Ohman, R.  The role of monoamines in suicidal behavior.
     Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl.  1993.

     28.  Naranjo, C. A.; Bremner, K. E.  Behavioural correlates of alcohol
     intoxication.  Addiction.  1993 Jan.

     29.  Stein, D. J.; Hollander, E.; Liebowitz, M. R.  Neurobiology of
     impulsivity and the impulse control disorders.  J Neuropsychiatry Clin
     Neurosci.  1993 Winter.

     30.  Spoont, M. R.  Modulatory role of serotonin in neural information
     processing: implications for human psychopathology.  Psychol Bull.
     1992 Sep.

     31.  Nordstrom, P.; Asberg, M.  Suicide risk and serotonin.  Int Clin
     Psychopharmacol.  1992 Jun.

     32.  Linnoila, V. M.; Virkkunen, M.  Aggression, suicidality, and
     serotonin.  J Clin Psychiatry, 1992 Oct.

     33.  Mann, J. J.; McBride, P. A.: Anderson, G. M.; Mieczkowski, T. A.
     Platelet and whole blood serotonin content in depressed inpatients:
     correlations with acute and life-time psychopathology.  Biol
     Psychiatry. 1992 Aug 1.

     34.  Cooper, S. J.; Kelly, C. B.; King, D. J.  5-Hydroxyindoleacetic
     acid in cerebrospinal fluid and prediction of suicidal behaviour in
     schizophrenia, Lancet.  1992 Oct 17.

     35.  Filtear, M. J.; Lapierre, Y. D.,; Bakish, D.; Blanchard, A.
     Reduction in suicidal ideation with SSRIS: a review of 459 depressed
     patients.  J. Psychiatry Neurosci.  1993 May.

     36.  Davis, Adelle.  Let's Eat Right to Keep Fit.  Adelle Davis.
     Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.  New York.  1970.

     37.  Facchinetti, Fabio; Borella, Paola; Sances, Grazia; Fioroni,
     Loredana; Nappi, Rossella E; Genazzani, Andrea R.  Oral magnesium
     successfully relieves premenstrual mood changes, Obstetrics and
     Gynecology.  1991 August.

     38.  Anderson, T. W.; Neri, L. C.; Schreiber, G. B.; Talbot, F. D. F.;
     Zdrojewski, A.  Ischemic heart disease, water hardness and myocardial
     magnesium.  CMA Journal.  1975 Aug 9.

     39.  Lowik, M. R. H.; Groot, E. H.; Binnerts, W. T.  Magnesium and
     public health: the impact of drinking water.  Toxic Substances in
     Environmental Health.  1982.

     40.  Marier, J. R.  Magnesium content of the food supply in the
     modern-day world.  1986.

     41.  Durlach, J.  Recommended dietary amounts of magnesium: Mg RDA,
     Magnesium Research.  1989.

     42.  Durlach, J.; Bara, M.; Guiet-Bara, A.  Magnesium level in
     drinking water: its importance in cardiovascular risk, Magnesium in
     Health and Disease.  1989.

     43.  Durlach, J.; Durlach, V.; Rayssiguier, Y.; Bara, M.; Guiet-Bara,
     A.  Magnesium and blood pressure. II. Clinical studies, Magnesium
     Research.  1992.

     44.  Durach, J.; Durlach, V.  Deux Symposia Internationaux sur le
     Magnesium, en Inde, La Revue Francaise D'Endocrinologie Clinique.
     1992.

     45.  Seelig, Mildred S.; Heggtveit, H. Alexander.  Magnesium
     interrelationships in ischemic heart disease: a review.  The American
     Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  1974 Jan.

     46.  Hockstader, Lee.  High suicide rate for Finnish men prompts
     government investigation.  Washington Post.  Reprinted in San Jose
     Mercury news.  Tuesday, February 22, 1994.

     47.  Lesser.  Nutrition and Vitamin Therapy. p.112.

     48.  Kalbfleish, J. M., et al.  Effects of Ethanol Administration on
     Urinary Excretion of magnesium and other electrolytes in alcoholic and
     normal subjects.  Journal of Clinical Investigations.  Vol. 42. 1963.

     49.  Davis, Adelle.  Let's Eat Right to Keep Fit.  Harcourt Brace
     Jovanovich, Inc. New York.  1970.

     50.  Allman, William F.  The Evolution of Aggression.  U.S. News and
     World Report.  May 11, 1992, p.58.

=============================================================================
Article 10 **********

A Personal Experience with Magnesium.  Female, age 48.

I started taking a magnesium supplement on January 6th, 1994.  I had been
reading medical studies that had convinced me that by getting more magnesium I
might avoid a heart attack or stroke someday.  My mother had triple bypass
surgery when she was in her early sixties and, at 72, had a stroke.  My father
had just died from a stroke.  I didn't want to have these kinds of problems.
This was my motivation for starting the magnesium supplement and I had no
expectation that I would notice any difference.

I was 48 years old and very overweight.  I have type II diabetes which I had
kept under control through exercise and diet only.  I was taking vitamin C and
vitamin E.  I took metamucil once a day and Tylenol occasionally for headaches
or general aches and pains.  I used no other drugs and did not smoke or drink.
I was addicted to diet coke and rarely drank water.

I was feeling tired and depressed.  I often had foot and leg cramps.  I had
frequent insomnia and when I woke up in the morning, I felt worse than I went to
bed.  It hurt to move at first; I felt stiff and achy all over. When I first
looked in the mirror in the morning, it was more like looking at my mother than
myself.  My skin was becoming thinner and less resilient.

The third day after I began taking a chelated 375 mg magnesium supplement from
Great Earth I woke up feeling better than I had in a long time.  I had slept
through the night.  My hands and feet felt warm.  In looking at my hands, I
noticed that my fingernails had gone from white to pink.  I felt a real increase
in energy and the depression that had bothered me since my father's death had
lifted.  My head felt clearer and I felt more decisive.  I felt less irritable.
There was no need to take metamucil.

At this time I decided I had been stupid to continue drinking almost nothing but
diet coke when our own water was a source of bioavailable magnesium and I began
cutting back on the diet coke, eventually down to about 3 diet cokes per week.

After three weeks I was noticing all kinds of improvement in my skin.  My hands
looked younger; it seemed to be more elastic and was shrinking all over.  A
large scar on my right elbow had become much smaller.  My upper eyelids had
stopped drooping so my eyes looked a lot bigger and younger.  My crow's feet
were less noticeable.  My face had cleared up.  My gums had become pinker and
bled less. When I woke up in the morning I felt relaxed and had no achiness or
stiffness.  My back and shoulders weren't getting so tense.  I wasn't having leg
and foot cramps anymore.  My finger and toe joints had lost the stiffness and
pain they had before I started the magnesium.  I was more flexible.  I noticed
that my lung capacity was greater; there seemed to be a lot more air going in
and out.  My senses of smell and taste were much more acute.  My ears were more
sensitive.  My skin was a lot more sensitive all over.  Upon doing a breast
self-examination I found that my previously lumpy cystic breasts had no lumps.
I had short hair sprouting all over my head.  My disposition was better and I
continued to have more energy and no depression.

My last child had been born in April of 1989.  She weighed 11 pounds 8 ounces
and my pelvic floor had not been the same since her birth. My Kegel muscles
didn't work; I had uterine prolapse; I had to urinate frequently and I had a
problem with stress incontinence.  Three weeks after starting the magnesium
supplement everything was back where it belonged.  My muscles worked.  The
stress incontinence was almost gone and urinary frequency was back to normal.
My doctor had told me I would have to have an operation to fix this and I could
hardly believe how easily, quickly and cheaply my problem had been fixed.

I was amazed that a simple nutritional change could make such a difference.  I
had taken nutrition in college, spent a lot of time discussing nutrition with a
friend who was a nurse, and had a lot of nutritional training from the Obesity
and Risk Factor Clinic in connection with a weight loss program.  I was always
careful about getting around the food groups because I was always told that a
well-balanced diet provides all the nutrition that is required.  Obviously, this
was not true.  Because of this, I decided that it might be wise to take a
complete vitamin and mineral supplement in addition to the magnesium.

Other changes I've noticed:

a.  I can write longhand as long as I want without hand cramps.
b.  My feet have no calluses.
c.  Burns are less painful and heal more quickly.
d.  My fingernails are stronger and my toenails easier to cut.
e.  I feel stronger when carrying heavy objects or opening jars.
f.  I have more endurance.
g.  I get less tired and sleepy when driving even long distances.
h.  I have not had any menstrual cramps since taking magnesium.
i.  My ankles don't swell up anymore.
j.  I don't have crepitus in my knees when I go upstairs.
k.  I have not had any headaches.
l.  I don't have a problem with vertigo near dropoffs.

I have been taking magnesium supplement for a year now.  I get around 1000 mg
per day.  When I tried a product with magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and
magnesium sulfate, I felt awful.  When I tried adding calcium so that I was
getting a 2:1 ratio, I felt awful. I continue to use the Great Earth product and
keep my calcium magnesium ratio at about 1:1.  I take a 375 mg tablet morning
and evening and get an additional 300 mg from a mineral tablet.


=============================================================================
Article 11 **********

              MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY AND ASTHMA

A quick search of Medline brought up numerous references to the
connection between magnesium deficiency and asthma.  In the
past the connection was clouded because researchers were trying
to connect asthma to the SERUM level of magnesium, but serum
levels cloak the intracellular deficiencies of Mg, so they found
no connection.  There is still no easy test for Mg deficiency,
but by using tissue samples it is with difficulty possible to
determine the intracellular deficiency, so now the connection to
asthma is becoming clear.

Dietary Magnesium, Lung Function, Wheezing, And Airway
Hyperreactivity In a Random Adult Population Sample.  Lancet
1994 Aug 6;344(8919):357-62.  Low magnesium intake may
therefore be involved in the aetiology of asthma and chronic
obstructive airways disease.

Effect of Parenteral Magnesium Sulphate On Pulmonary Functions
In Bronchial Asthma.

J. Asthma 1994;31(2):109-15.  They infused MgSO4 and found:
It is concluded that modest improvement in airways resistance
and specific conductance and only small improvement in maximal
expiratory flow rates is consistent with a predominant effect of
MgSO4 on large airways in patients with bronchial asthma.

Clinical Studies With The Nova ISE for IMg2+.  Scand. J. Clin.
Lab Invest Suppl 1994;217:53-67.  The Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio appears
to be an important guide for signs of vascoconstriction and/or
spasm and possibly enhanced athergenesis.  Overall, the data
point to important uses for ISE's for IMg2+ in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease states.  (He studied asthma).

The Role Of Disorders In The Homeostasis Of Divalent Cations In
The Pathogenesis And Clinical Picture Of Bronchial Asthma.
(Russian)  Ter Arkh 1994; 66(3):8-12.  Lack of Mg and excess of
Ca in blood cells  (seem to be)... responsible for bronchial
hyperreactivity.

Rapid Infusion Of Magnesium Sulphate Obviates Need For
Intubation In Status Asthmaticus.

Am J Emerg Med 1994 Mar;12(2):164-6.  Rapid infusion of MgSO4
.... obviated the need for endotracheal intubation and
mechanical ventilation.

Magnesium Sulphate Potentiates Several Cardiovascular And
Metabolic Actions of Terbutaline.

Chest 1994 Mar;105(3):701-5.  MgSO4 has been shown to be
efficacious .... for the emergency treatment of asthma.

Magnesium And Its Therapeutic Uses; A Review.  Am J Med 1994
Jan; 96(1):63-76

Evidence investigating magnesium's use is presented, with a
number of studies suggesting it should be seriously considered
in such conditions as .... asthma.

Role of Magnesium In Regulation Of Lung Function.  J Am Diet
Assoc 1993 Jun;93(6):674-7

(Indicates patients should be monitored routinely for Mg
deficiency).

Intravenous Magnesium For Acute Asthma.  Ann Emerg Med 1993
Mar;22(3):617-9  (letter)

Hypomagnesemia Due to beta 2-agonist Use In  Bronchial Asthma
(letter).  J Assoc Physicians India 1992 May;40(5):346

There were many other studies and references to magnesium and
asthma.  Many of the studies noted that drugs used in the
treatment of asthma caused loss of magnesium.  A great many
drugs, including alcohol, cause rapid loss of  magnesium.  Common
sense would suggest that instead of waiting for an asthma
attack before administering magnesium, oral magnesium
supplementation should be a part of treatment for asthma as a
preventive.

I suggest  treating physicians advise asthmatics  to consume at
least 6 mg magnesium per day for each kilogram of body weight.
An even higher intake of 10 mg/day per Kg of body weight may be
desirable provided that it does not trigger a laxative effect.
Breaking the dosage into three or four parts taken at different
times of day  helps prevent laxative effect.  Magnesium
hydroxide is NOT recommended because of poor bio-availability and
because I know of  no instance of it having any beneficial use
other than as a laxative.  Other Mg compounds appear to be
better, including Mg oxide, Mg bi-carbonate, and Mg citrate.  Mg
carbonate/bi-carbonate in water is 30% more bioavailable than
Mg in food or pill, and has a much greater cardio-protective
effect, judging by epidemiological evidence.

Paul Mason

Researcher


============================================================================
Article 12 *****

          List of 80 water sources containing 90 mg/L or more magnesium in
          the state of Texas, and 61 such water sources in California
          The magnesium levels for the California water sources came from a
          mainframe at the Calif. Office of Drinking Water, and some of them are
apparently erroneous, for some unknown reason.

          IN TEXAS:  The following is a list of 80 licensed wells in Texas
          having 90 mg/L magnesium content or more.

ACUFF STEAK HOUSE
C/O TOMMY FISHER
RT 1 BOX 269-A
LUBBOCK              TX  79401             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 92    CALCIUM: 124       SODIUM: 127
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE:         SILVER:         TOTALALK: 221
FLUORIDE: 2.8000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 243    BCARBALK: 270.000000000
IRON:            NITRATE: 26.640000 HARD: 689       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.80000     TDS: 1290

AMERADA HESS CO2 RECOVERY PLANT
C/O PLANT ENGINEER
P O BOX 1080
SEMINOLE             TX  79360             COUNTY: GAINES
MAGNESIUM: 103   CALCIUM: 152       SODIUM: 147
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 179
FLUORIDE: 3.1000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 424    BCARBALK: 218.000000000
IRON: 0.6300000  NITRATE: 2.380000  HARD: 803       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1319

ANTON CITY OF
C/O WATER UTILITIES OFFICIAL
P O BOX 127
ANTON                TX  79313             COUNTY: HOCKLEY
MAGNESIUM: 176   CALCIUM: 176       SODIUM: 144
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 232
FLUORIDE: 1.4000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 620    BCARBALK: 283.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 7.840000  HARD: 1164      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.02400000               TDS: 1737

APPLES PIZZA DELI
C/O STEVE SMITH
RT 1 BOX 141
LUBBOCK              TX  79401             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 143   CALCIUM: 165       SODIUM: 110
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 180
FLUORIDE: 2.2000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 303    BCARBALK: 220.000000000
IRON: 0.0800000  NITRATE: 20.290000 HARD: 998       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1432

BAR 5 SUBDIVISION WATER SYSTEM
C/O JALPZ INCORPORATED
3422 SOUTH HWY 281
EDINBURG             TX  78539             COUNTY: HIDALGO
MAGNESIUM: 118   CALCIUM: 198       SODIUM: 1518
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0300  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 300
FLUORIDE: 1.6000 MERCURY: 0.00060000SULFATE: 818    BCARBALK: 366.000000000
IRON: 0.0700000  NITRATE: 3.300000  HARD: 981       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01090000               TDS: 5038

BAR 7 SUBDIVISION WATER SYSTEM
C/O JALOZ INCORPORATED
3422 SOUTH HWY 281
EDINBURG             TX  78539             COUNTY: HIDALGO
MAGNESIUM: 138   CALCIUM: 430       SODIUM: 782
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.1800  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 247
FLUORIDE: 0.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1211   BCARBALK: 301.000000000
IRON: 0.4900000  NITRATE: 0.040000  HARD: 1641      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00400000               TDS: 4097

BAR-H RV PARK
C/O KENNETH HARPER
HC 31 BOX 56-40
MIDLAND              TX  79707             COUNTY: MIDLAND
MAGNESIUM: 107   CALCIUM: 252       SODIUM: 210
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 125
FLUORIDE:        MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE:        BCARBALK: 153.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 6.760000  HARD: 1072      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.00800000               TDS:

BROWN KARHAN HEALTH CARE INC
C/O JAMES KARHAN - PRESIDENT
P O BOX 33280-317
AUSTIN               TX  78764             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 150   CALCIUM: 218       SODIUM: 64
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 299
FLUORIDE: 2.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 902    BCARBALK: 365.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 0.050000  HARD: 1160      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1600

CATALPA VILLA MOBILE HOME PARK
C/O CATALPA VILLA MHP WATER BOARD
P O BOX 7501
AMARILLO             TX  79114             COUNTY: RANDALL
MAGNESIUM: 153   CALCIUM: 129       SODIUM: 42
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 271
FLUORIDE: 1.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 686    BCARBALK: 331.000000000
IRON: 0.0600000  NITRATE: 5.480000  HARD: 950       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.04000000               TDS: 1259

CEDAR HILL SUBDIVISION
C/O CEDAR HILL HOME OWNERS ASSOC
ROUTE 1 BOX 69A
MARION               TX  78124             COUNTY: BANDERA
MAGNESIUM: 156   CALCIUM: 468       SODIUM: 11
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 222
FLUORIDE: 3.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1554   BCARBALK: 271.000000000
IRON: 0.2900000  NITRATE: 0.270000  HARD: 1811      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2351



CIELO AZUL RANCH
C/O HENRY GARZA - OWNER
PO BOX 1834
WIMBERLEY            TX  78676             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 111   CALCIUM: 328       SODIUM: 15
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 256
FLUORIDE: 0.8000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1011   BCARBALK: 312.000000000
IRON: 5.3600000  NITRATE: 0.300000  HARD: 1277      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1648

COKE COUNTY WATER SUPPLY CORP
C/O BOBBY BAKER - PRESIDENT
P O BOX 533
ROBERT LEE           TX  76945             COUNTY: COKE
MAGNESIUM: 121   CALCIUM: 162       SODIUM: 639
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 35
FLUORIDE: 0.2000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 884    BCARBALK: 43.000000000
IRON: 0.1000000  NITRATE: 0.050000  HARD: 900       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2810

CONCHO RURAL WATER - WATER VALLEY
C/O BENJAMIN WIESE
8174 U S HWY 87 NORTH
SAN ANGELO           TX  76901             COUNTY: TOM GREEN
MAGNESIUM: 108   CALCIUM: 196       SODIUM: 155
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 314
FLUORIDE: 0.8000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 432    BCARBALK: 383.000000000
IRON: 0.3700000  NITRATE: 3.960000  HARD: 934       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00500000               TDS: 1428

CONNALLY WATER SYSTEM
C/O RAY CONNALLY
ROUTE 11 BOX 254
LUBBOCK              TX  79407             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 119   CALCIUM: 34        SODIUM: 138
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 310
FLUORIDE: 4.4000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 384    BCARBALK: 378.000000000
IRON: 0.0000000  NITRATE: 2.100000  HARD: 573       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.03890000               TDS: 1019

COUNTRY BURGER
C/O ABRAHAM MATHEW
5009 59TH ST
LUBBOCK              TX  79414             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 122   CALCIUM: 124       SODIUM: 78
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 176
FLUORIDE: 2.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 192    BCARBALK: 215.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 17.920000 HARD: 810       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.20000     TDS: 1106

DEER CREEK RANCH WATER SYSTEM
C/O SAM HAMMETT
P O BOX 436
DRIPPING SPRINGS     TX  78620             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 96    CALCIUM: 172       SODIUM: 525
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 163
FLUORIDE: 0.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1280   BCARBALK: 199.000000000
IRON: 0.0700000  NITRATE: 0.070000  HARD: 824       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2533

DOMINICAN ACADEMY OF AUSTIN
C/O MIKE GARTNER
2525 WALLINGWOOD - SUITE 103
AUSTIN               TX  78746             COUNTY: HAYS
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 161   CALCIUM: 232       SODIUM: 24
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 347
FLUORIDE: 4.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 889    BCARBALK: 423.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 7.160000  HARD: 1243      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1591

EXECUTIVE MOBILE HOME VILLAGE
C/O LOYD COWAN
8008 WEST 34TH STREET
LUBBOCK              TX  79407             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 90    CALCIUM: 68        SODIUM: 180
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0700  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 320
FLUORIDE: 5.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 323    BCARBALK: 390.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 10.020000 HARD: 543       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.02000000               TDS: 1097

FLAT CREEK CROSSING
C/O ROGER BOYD - PRESIDENT
P O BOX 1703
SAN MARCOS           TX  78667             COUNTY: BLANCO
MAGNESIUM: 354   CALCIUM: 761       SODIUM: 335
CADMIUM: 0.01490 MANGANESE: 0.2800  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 510
FLUORIDE: 1.2000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1513   BCARBALK: 622.000000000
IRON: 6.0600000  NITRATE: 0.010000  HARD: 3360      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 4808

FLOREY PARK - ANDREWS COUNTY PARK
C/O ANDREWS COUNTY JUDGE
ANDREWS COUNTY COURTHOUSE
ANDREWS              TX  79714             COUNTY: ANDREWS
MAGNESIUM: 112   CALCIUM: 103       SODIUM: 255
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE:         SILVER:         TOTALALK: 331
FLUORIDE: 4.7000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 489    BCARBALK: 404.000000000
IRON:            NITRATE: 2.690000  HARD: 717       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.30000     TDS: 1498

FRANKLIN ESTATES - NORTH
C/O VIRGINIA FRANKLIN
P O BOX 8300 - 126
DALLAS               TX  75205             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 92    CALCIUM: 132       SODIUM: 99
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 228
FLUORIDE: 1.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 279    BCARBALK: 278.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 6.920000  HARD: 708       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01790000               TDS: 1069

FRANKLIN ESTATES - SOUTH
C/O VIRGINIA FRANKLIN
P O BOX 8300 - 126
DALLAS               TX  75205             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 92    CALCIUM: 118       SODIUM: 111
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 252
FLUORIDE: 2.1000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 256    BCARBALK: 307.000000000
IRON: 1.6700000  NITRATE: 12.410000 HARD: 673       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.04000000 SELENIUM: 0.01790000               TDS: 1073

FRIDAY MOUNTAIN BOYS CAMP
C/O WALTER KIDD
8800 SAM CARTER DR
AUSTIN               TX  78736             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 157   CALCIUM: 209       SODIUM: 29
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE:         SILVER:         TOTALALK: 283
FLUORIDE: 3.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 880    BCARBALK: 345.000000000
IRON:            NITRATE: 2.100000  HARD: 1170      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.70000     TDS: 1660

FRIDAY MOUNTAIN GIRLS CAMP
C/O WALTER KIDD
8800 SAM CARTER DR
AUSTIN               TX  78736             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 193   CALCIUM: 416       SODIUM: 17
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 269
FLUORIDE: 3.5000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1490   BCARBALK: 328.000000000
IRON: 0.1600000  NITRATE: 0.050000  HARD: 1832      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.10000     TDS: 2300

FRIENDSHIP BAPTIST CHURCH
C/O JOEL THIELEPAPE
ROUTE 6 BOX 57-T
AUSTIN               TX  78737             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 139   CALCIUM: 170       SODIUM: 21
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0300  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 320
FLUORIDE: 2.5000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 683    BCARBALK: 390.000000000
IRON: 0.1600000  NITRATE: 0.390000  HARD: 996       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.50000     TDS: 1241

FRONTIER RESTAURANT
C/O NATHAN MATHIS
PO BOX 718
JUNCTION             TX  76849             COUNTY: KIMBLE
MAGNESIUM: 95    CALCIUM: 144       SODIUM: 93
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 329
FLUORIDE: 1.7000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 345    BCARBALK: 401.000000000
IRON: 0.1300000  NITRATE: 1.390000  HARD: 752       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.10000     TDS: 1060

FT JACKSON MOBILE ESTATES
C/O GEORGE W JACKSON
2903 76TH STREET
LUBBOCK              TX  79423             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 98    CALCIUM: 64        SODIUM: 212
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 374
FLUORIDE: 5.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 322    BCARBALK: 456.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 10.790000 HARD: 565       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.05990000               TDS: 1207

GAINES COUNTY PARK
C/O THE COUNTY JUDGE
P O BOX 847
SEMINOLE             TX  79360             COUNTY: GAINES
MAGNESIUM: 126   CALCIUM: 88        SODIUM: 188
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 409
FLUORIDE: 4.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 358    BCARBALK: 499.000000000
IRON: 0.1200000  NITRATE: 5.460000  HARD: 738       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.30000     TDS: 1311

GAP WATER COMPANY
C/O OAKS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
P O BOX 340
BUFFALO GAP          TX  79508             COUNTY: TAYLOR
MAGNESIUM: 109   CALCIUM: 168       SODIUM: 133
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 517
FLUORIDE: 0.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 265    BCARBALK: 631.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 0.190000  HARD: 870       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01000000               TDS: 1258

GRASSLAND WATER SUPPLY CORPORATION
C/O JAMES ATEN - PRESIDENT
ROUTE 3
POST                 TX  79356             COUNTY: LYNN
MAGNESIUM: 93    CALCIUM: 92        SODIUM: 298
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 245
FLUORIDE: 5.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 257    BCARBALK: 299.000000000
IRON: 0.1100000  NITRATE: 7.670000  HARD: 611       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.02000000               TDS: 1467

HACKBERRY CO-OP GIN
C/O MORTON SMITH - MANAGER
ROUTE 2
POST                 TX  79356             COUNTY: LYNN
MAGNESIUM: 115   CALCIUM: 90        SODIUM: 133
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 341
FLUORIDE: 5.8000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 324    BCARBALK: 416.000000000
IRON: 0.1700000  NITRATE: 20.380000 HARD: 699       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.02590000               TDS: 1170

HIGH VALLEY WATER SUPPLY CORP
C/O CHARLES CROCKER
RT 6 BOX 464
AUSTIN               TX  78737             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 249   CALCIUM: 440       SODIUM: 30
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 303
FLUORIDE: 3.0000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1805   BCARBALK: 370.000000000
IRON: 0.1400000  NITRATE: 0.060000  HARD: 2123      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2755

HIGHLAND TERRACE
C/O W & W WATER COMPANY
P O BOX 1687
CANYON LAKE          TX  78130             COUNTY: COMAL
MAGNESIUM: 139   CALCIUM: 562       SODIUM: 9
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 238
FLUORIDE: 3.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1717   BCARBALK: 290.000000000
IRON: 0.3800000  NITRATE: 0.330000  HARD: 1975      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2593

KEMP HILLS UTILITY COMPANY
C/O GUARANTY FEDERAL SAVINGS
P O BOX 1149
AUSTIN               TX  78767             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 91    CALCIUM: 182       SODIUM: 55
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 279
FLUORIDE: 1.1000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 612    BCARBALK: 340.000000000
IRON: 0.2200000  NITRATE: 0.040000  HARD: 829       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1164

KNOTT FARMERS COOP GIN
C/O LEE ROMAN
STAR ROUTE BOX 57
KNOTT                TX  79748             COUNTY: HOWARD
MAGNESIUM: 122   CALCIUM: 139       SODIUM: 558
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 350
FLUORIDE: 5.8000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 517    BCARBALK: 427.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 17.570000 HARD: 848       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.10000     TDS: 2469

LA CHIMENEA
C/O MIKE WALSH
RT 6 BOX 58-A
AUSTIN               TX  78737             COUNTY: HAYS
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 167   CALCIUM: 219       SODIUM: 49
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.1200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 309
FLUORIDE: 3.1000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 894    BCARBALK: 377.000000000
IRON: 0.0600000  NITRATE: 0.010000  HARD: 1235      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.50000     TDS: 1574

LA FONDITA CAFE
C/O ELIDA GUICOZA
805 SOUTH 2ND
LA MESA              TX  79331             COUNTY: DAWSON
MAGNESIUM: 128   CALCIUM: 127       SODIUM: 237
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE:         SILVER:         TOTALALK: 306
FLUORIDE: 4.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 328    BCARBALK: 373.000000000
IRON:            NITRATE: 16.340000 HARD: 846       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.20000     TDS: 1586

LA MESA COUNTRY CLUB
C/O KENNETH SIMPSON
P O BOX 380
LAMESA               TX  79331             COUNTY: DAWSON
MAGNESIUM: 91    CALCIUM: 79        SODIUM: 239
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 394
FLUORIDE: 5.2000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 251    BCARBALK: 481.000000000
IRON: 0.0000000  NITRATE: 11.570000 HARD: 572       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.80000     TDS: 1257

LEVELLAND STOREHOUSE AMOCO
P O BOX 832
BROWNFIELD           TX  79316             COUNTY: HOCKLEY
MAGNESIUM: 120   CALCIUM: 100       SODIUM: 82
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0800  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 236
FLUORIDE: 3.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 276    BCARBALK: 288.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 0.820000  HARD: 742       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1040

LIBBY'S GROCERY & LOUNGE
C/O LIBBY AND CHARLES DAVIS
13825 FM 2769
AUSTIN               TX  78726             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 267   CALCIUM: 354       SODIUM: 157
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 311
FLUORIDE: 3.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1951   BCARBALK: 379.000000000
IRON: 0.1400000  NITRATE: 0.420000  HARD: 1982      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.20000     TDS: 3014

LOST CREEK MUNICIPAL UTILITY DIST
C/O BILL FLOOD
1305 QUAKER RIDGE DRIVE
AUSTIN               TX  78746             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 122   CALCIUM: 220       SODIUM: 79
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 350
FLUORIDE: 1.7000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 670    BCARBALK: 427.000000000
IRON: 0.0000000  NITRATE: 0.000000  HARD: 1050      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.00000     TDS: 1780

LUBBOCK KOA CAMPGROUND
C/O RON HOLLIDAY - PRESIDENT
RT 8 BOX 140-E
LUBBOCK              TX  79416             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 91    CALCIUM: 64        SODIUM: 137
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 274
FLUORIDE: 4.4000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 254    BCARBALK: 334.000000000
IRON: 0.0700000  NITRATE: 5.360000  HARD: 533       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.02500000               TDS: 967

MEDINA HIGHLANDS
C/O TOM GIBSON
P O BOX 398
LAKEHILLS            TX  78063             COUNTY: BANDERA
MAGNESIUM: 208   CALCIUM: 374       SODIUM: 29
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 249
FLUORIDE: 3.5000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1545   BCARBALK: 304.000000000
IRON: 0.4500000  NITRATE: 0.010000  HARD: 1791      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.80000     TDS: 2347

MERIDIAN OIL COMPANY
C/O DEAN PREIEST - SUPERINTENDENT
HC 34 BOX 63
MIDKIFF              TX  79755             COUNTY: UPTON
MAGNESIUM: 105   CALCIUM: 302       SODIUM: 181
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 159
FLUORIDE: 2.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1204   BCARBALK: 194.000000000
IRON: 0.5900000  NITRATE: 6.710000  HARD: 1187      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01290000               TDS: 2009

MILES CITY OF
C/O WERNER HARSCH
P O BOX 398
MILES                TX  76861             COUNTY: RUNNELS
MAGNESIUM: 112   CALCIUM: 332       SODIUM: 247
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 248
FLUORIDE: 1.7000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 803    BCARBALK: 303.000000000
IRON: 0.1200000  NITRATE: 16.090000 HARD: 1292      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01000000               TDS: 2208

OAK COUNTRY PROPERTY OWNERS ASSN
C/O ROBERT CHURNSIDE - PRESIDENT
BOX 1087
HELOTES              TX  78023             COUNTY: BANDERA
MAGNESIUM: 121   CALCIUM: 126       SODIUM: 20
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 257
FLUORIDE: 5.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 571    BCARBALK: 314.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 0.490000  HARD: 815       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1024

OAK ISLAND ICE HOUSE
C/O ROBERT A RAMIREZ
RT 5 BOX 385-KA
SAN ANTONIO          TX  78221             COUNTY: BEXAR
MAGNESIUM: 96    CALCIUM: 389       SODIUM: 150
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.9700  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 101
FLUORIDE: 0.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1000   BCARBALK: 123.000000000
IRON: 2.4500000  NITRATE: 0.150000  HARD: 1367      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 2130

PARRISH & COMPANY
C/O DAN PARRISH
26995 HWY 281 NORTH
SAN ANTONIO          TX  78260             COUNTY: BEXAR
MAGNESIUM: 90    CALCIUM: 136       SODIUM: 14
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 280
FLUORIDE: 2.1000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 426    BCARBALK: 342.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 0.190000  HARD: 710       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.90000     TDS: 856

PARTNERS PIZZA
C/O MAC PYBURN
P O BOX 141
COMANCHE             TX  76442             COUNTY: COMANCHE
MAGNESIUM: 121   CALCIUM: 178       SODIUM: 192
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 388
FLUORIDE: 0.9000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 693    BCARBALK: 473.000000000
IRON: 0.0800000  NITRATE: 2.720000  HARD: 942       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1599

PAYMASTER GIN
C/O RAY LONG
ROUTE 1
ACKERLY              TX  79713             COUNTY: MARTIN
MAGNESIUM: 103   CALCIUM: 51        SODIUM: 308
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 468
FLUORIDE: 7.6000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 458    BCARBALK: 571.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 38.070000 HARD: 552       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.30000     TDS: 1537

PENNINGTON WSC
C/O JOY BLAGG
P O BOX 895
BROWNFIELD           TX  79316             COUNTY: TERRY
[ADDRESS NOT GOOD]
MAGNESIUM: 124   CALCIUM: 132       SODIUM: 198
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 214
FLUORIDE: 3.9000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 543    BCARBALK: 261.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 12.210000 HARD: 840       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.20000     TDS: 1530

PINKIES MINI MART #53
C/O PINKIES INCORPORATED
P O BOX 3988
LUBBOCK              TX  794533988         COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 106   CALCIUM: 150       SODIUM: 238
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 355
FLUORIDE: 2.1000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 311    BCARBALK: 433.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 16.900000 HARD: 811       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.40000     TDS: 1528

PUNKIN CENTER GIN
C/O RALPH MIRES
HCR 06 BOX 38
LAMESA               TX  79331             COUNTY: DAWSON
MAGNESIUM: 127   CALCIUM: 90        SODIUM: 92
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 245
FLUORIDE: 4.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 411    BCARBALK: 299.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 9.220000  HARD: 747       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1130

RANCH HILLS WATER SUPPLY CORP
C/O ALAN C POWER - PRESIDENT
23941 GERONIMO
HELOTES              TX  78023             COUNTY: BANDERA
MAGNESIUM: 118   CALCIUM: 394       SODIUM: 11
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 206
FLUORIDE: 2.0000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1230   BCARBALK: 251.000000000
IRON: 0.1000000  NITRATE: 0.070000  HARD: 1470      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1902

RANKIN CITY OF
C/O WATER UTILITIES OFFICIAL
P O BOX 61
RANKIN               TX  79778             COUNTY: UPTON
MAGNESIUM: 103   CALCIUM: 178       SODIUM: 200
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0300  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 260
FLUORIDE: 2.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 785    BCARBALK: 317.000000000
IRON: 0.3300000  NITRATE: 3.970000  HARD: 870       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00400000               TDS: 1624

RED WAGON BAR-B-QUE DRIVE IN
C/O ALBERT JONES
ORIENT STAR ROUTE
SAN ANGLEO           TX  76901             COUNTY: TOM GREEN
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 319   CALCIUM: 534       SODIUM: 117
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 1.4200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 329
FLUORIDE: 0.5000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 2018   BCARBALK: 401.000000000
IRON: 4.7400000  NITRATE: 0.010000  HARD: 2649      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 3511

REGAL OAKS WATER COMPANY INCORP
C/O JOHN LIGHTFOOT
RT 27 #4 ANGLIN LANE
AUSTIN               TX  78737             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 176   CALCIUM: 216       SODIUM: 70
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 309
FLUORIDE: 2.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1014   BCARBALK: 377.000000000
IRON: 0.0700000  NITRATE: 0.080000  HARD: 1265      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1736

ROBERT LEE CITY OF
C/O WATER UTILITIES DEPARTMENT
P O BOX 26
ROBERT LEE           TX  76945             COUNTY: COKE
MAGNESIUM: 125   CALCIUM: 160       SODIUM: 682
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 110
FLUORIDE: 0.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 810    BCARBALK: 134.000000000
IRON: 0.6000000  NITRATE: 0.100000  HARD: 916       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2898

ROOSEVELT INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST
C/O THE SUPERINTENDENT
ROUTE 1 BOX 402
LUBBOCK              TX  79401             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 94    CALCIUM: 80        SODIUM: 89
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 288
FLUORIDE: 3.0000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 196    BCARBALK: 351.000000000
IRON: 0.2700000  NITRATE: 8.400000  HARD: 588       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.02190000               TDS: 884

S W WATER IMPROVEMENT GROUP-WSC
C/O RONALD HEYNS - PRESIDENT
802 COMMONS FORD RD
AUSTIN               TX  78733             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 117   CALCIUM: 152       SODIUM: 462
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0500  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 297
FLUORIDE: 3.3000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1137   BCARBALK: 362.000000000
IRON: 4.4000000  NITRATE: 0.010000  HARD: 863       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2343

SIDNEY INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT
C/O THE SUPERINTENDENT
P O BOX 190
SIDNEY               TX  76474             COUNTY: COMANCHE
MAGNESIUM: 100   CALCIUM: 94        SODIUM: 104
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0300  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 471
FLUORIDE: 1.4000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 144    BCARBALK: 575.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 0.760000  HARD: 649       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 927

SIGNAL HILLS 24 COOPERATIVE
C/O ALLEN LINDEMAN
10710 MILLER LANE
AUSTIN               TX  78737             COUNTY: HAYS
MAGNESIUM: 174   CALCIUM: 279       SODIUM: 46
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 290
FLUORIDE: 2.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1091   BCARBALK: 354.000000000
IRON: 0.3800000  NITRATE: 0.170000  HARD: 1414      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 1823

SILVER SPUR CLUB
C/O WATER UTILITIES OFFICIAL
P O BOX 377
JOHNSON CITY         TX  78636             COUNTY: BLANCO
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 116   CALCIUM: 342       SODIUM: 35
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 277
FLUORIDE: 2.0000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1049   BCARBALK: 338.000000000
IRON: 0.2900000  NITRATE: 0.100000  HARD: 1335      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.90000     TDS: 1766

SILVER WATER SYSTEM
C/O SYSTEM MANAGER
P O BOX 163
SILVER               TX  76949             COUNTY: COKE
MAGNESIUM: 118   CALCIUM: 154       SODIUM: 677
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 123
FLUORIDE: 0.6000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 818    BCARBALK: 150.000000000
IRON: 0.1400000  NITRATE: 0.800000  HARD: 871       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00200000               TDS: 2881

SMITH MOBILE HOME PARK
C/O RAMANBHAI S PATEL
HC 34 BOX 7C
MIDLAND              TX  79701             COUNTY: MIDLAND
MAGNESIUM: 191   CALCIUM: 447       SODIUM: 560
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 253
FLUORIDE: 1.8000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 1109   BCARBALK: 309.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 27.550000 HARD: 1902      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.02800000               TDS: 3739

SOUTH TOWER ESTATES WATER SYSTEM
C/O JALOZ INCORPORATED
3422 SOUTH HWY 281
EDINBURG             TX  78539             COUNTY: HIDALGO
MAGNESIUM: 130   CALCIUM: 438       SODIUM: 862
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.2000  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 225
FLUORIDE: 0.5000 MERCURY: 0.00050000SULFATE: 1213   BCARBALK: 275.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 2.180000  HARD: 1628      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00400000               TDS: 4266

TIMMONS AND SIMPSON SHED
C/O RANDY SIMPSON OR RICKY TIMMONS
RT 5
BROWNFIELD           TX  79316             COUNTY: TERRY
MAGNESIUM: 147   CALCIUM: 131       SODIUM: 153
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 234
FLUORIDE: 3.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 564    BCARBALK: 285.000000000
IRON: 0.2200000  NITRATE: 9.760000  HARD: 933       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.40000     TDS: 1508

TODDLES CONVENIENCE STORE
C/O HOWARD BOOK
8066 HWY 67 NORTH BOX 717A
SAN ANGELO           TX  76905             COUNTY: TOM GREEN
MAGNESIUM: 142   CALCIUM: 520       SODIUM: 121
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 171
FLUORIDE: 0.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 1510   BCARBALK: 209.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 5.100000  HARD: 1882      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01490000               TDS: 2740

TOWN & COUNTRY MOBILE ESTATES
C/O WAYNE HELMSTETLER
ROUTE 8 BOX 33
LUBBOCK              TX  79407             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 93    CALCIUM: 89        SODIUM: 130
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 305
FLUORIDE: 3.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 239    BCARBALK: 372.000000000
IRON: 0.0200000  NITRATE: 4.620000  HARD: 606       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01090000               TDS: 1018

TOWN AND COUNTRY INCORPORATED
C/O TONY SNOOK - MANAGER
RT 6 BOX 300
LUBBOCK              TX  79412             COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 92    CALCIUM: 60        SODIUM: 133
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 300
FLUORIDE: 5.6000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 221    BCARBALK: 366.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 4.580000  HARD: 528       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.80000     TDS: 937

UNCLE WILLIES
C/O TOM LANGLEY
13400 FM 2769
AUSTIN               TX  78726             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 201   CALCIUM: 190       SODIUM: 79
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 303
FLUORIDE: 3.4000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1076   BCARBALK: 370.000000000
IRON: 0.1500000  NITRATE: 0.280000  HARD: 1302      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1807

UNITED SKATES OF AMERICA
C/O KEVIN BAKER - OWNER
3229 - 92ND STREET
LUBBOCK              TX  794233712         COUNTY: LUBBOCK
MAGNESIUM: 98    CALCIUM: 52        SODIUM: 111
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 366
FLUORIDE: 4.3000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 207    BCARBALK: 447.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 9.110000  HARD: 535       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.10000     TDS: 888

VALLEY VIEW MOBILE HOME PARK
C/O MRS E L SMITH - OWNER
HC 34 BOX 7C
MIDLAND              TX  79701             COUNTY: MIDLAND
MAGNESIUM: 151   CALCIUM: 374       SODIUM: 364
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 247
FLUORIDE: 1.5000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 916    BCARBALK: 301.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 8.110000  HARD: 1553      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.00800000               TDS: 2855

VENUS MOTEL AND TRAILER PARK
C/O HOWARD HALE
ROUTE 1 BOX 48
SEYMOUR              TX  76380             COUNTY: BAYLOR
MAGNESIUM: 129   CALCIUM: 250       SODIUM: 286
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 404
FLUORIDE: 0.7000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 263    BCARBALK: 493.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 14.380000 HARD: 1157      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.50000     TDS: 1980

VILLAGE PARK MHP
C/O HAROLD HOLIGAN
2720 STEMMONS HWY STE 203 S TOW
DALLAS               TX  75207             COUNTY: MIDLAND
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 302   CALCIUM: 563       SODIUM: 564
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 145
FLUORIDE: 3.4000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 1821   BCARBALK: 177.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 21.030000 HARD: 2652      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.02990000               TDS: 4736

VINCENTS BBQ BAR AND GRILL
C/O VINCENT CANZONERI LESSEE
10900 FM 2222
AUSTIN               TX  78730             COUNTY: TRAVIS
MAGNESIUM: 90    CALCIUM: 132       SODIUM: 29
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 318
FLUORIDE: 3.0000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 405    BCARBALK: 388.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 0.840000  HARD: 699       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.20000     TDS: 884

WAGON WHEEL MOBILE HOME ESTATES
C/O DREX TREADWELL
ROUTE B 612 NORTH LYNN
LAMESA               TX  79331             COUNTY: DAWSON
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 156   CALCIUM: 116       SODIUM: 155
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 341
FLUORIDE: 3.8000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 323    BCARBALK: 416.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 18.370000 HARD: 933       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.01600000               TDS: 1434

WALLACE MOBILE HOME PARK
C/O MR J WALLACE
ROUTE 2 BOX 178
MIDLAND              TX  79701             COUNTY: MIDLAND
MAGNESIUM: 118   CALCIUM: 200       SODIUM: 239
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 323
FLUORIDE: 4.8000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 394    BCARBALK: 394.000000000
IRON: 0.0400000  NITRATE: 15.540000 HARD: 987       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.01200000               TDS: 1737

WATERHOLE
C/O JOE HARBISON
P O BOX 42
MIDKIFF              TX  79755             COUNTY: REAGAN
MAGNESIUM: 90    CALCIUM: 296       SODIUM: 387
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 226
FLUORIDE: 1.9000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1248   BCARBALK: 276.000000000
IRON: 0.0700000  NITRATE: 9.780000  HARD: 1112      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 2519

WELCH WATER SUPPLY CORPORATION
C/O DANNY GRAY
P O BOX 36
WELCH                TX  79377             COUNTY: DAWSON
MAGNESIUM: 132   CALCIUM: 98        SODIUM: 150
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0300  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 264
FLUORIDE: 3.7000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 362    BCARBALK: 322.000000000
IRON: 0.7700000  NITRATE: 15.540000 HARD: 785       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.04000000               TDS: 1302

WELLS FARMERS CO-OP GIN
C/O EUDELL BAUCUM - MANAGER
ROUTE 2 BOX 110
ODONNELL             TX  79351             COUNTY: LYNN
MAGNESIUM: 112   CALCIUM: 123       SODIUM: 167
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 251
FLUORIDE: 3.1000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 400    BCARBALK: 306.000000000
IRON: 0.1200000  NITRATE: 21.070000 HARD: 767       CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 8.00000     TDS: 1360

WESTERN MOBILE HOME ESTATES
C/O WATER UTILITIES OFFICIAL
ROUTE 4 102 PERRY LANE
MIDLAND              TX  79701             COUNTY: MIDLAND
[ADDRESS NOT CURRENT]
MAGNESIUM: 96    CALCIUM: 259       SODIUM: 252
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 158
FLUORIDE: 2.5000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 756    BCARBALK: 193.000000000
IRON: 0.0300000  NITRATE: 12.750000 HARD: 1043      CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.02690000               TDS: 1948

WESTERN MOTEL
C/O ROBERT & VIRGINIA FLEMING
RT 1 BOX 225
PLAINS               TX  79355             COUNTY: YOAKUM
MAGNESIUM: 151   CALCIUM: 277       SODIUM: 305
CADMIUM:         MANGANESE: 0.0000  SILVER:         TOTALALK: 265
FLUORIDE: 4.0000 MERCURY:           SULFATE: 1353   BCARBALK: 323.000000000
IRON: 0.0500000  NITRATE: 12.430000 HARD: 1315      CARBALK: 0
LEAD:            SELENIUM:          PH: 7.50000     TDS: 2483

WHITEFACE INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DIST
C/O SUPERINTENDENT
BOX 7
WHITEFACE            TX  79379             COUNTY: COCHRAN
MAGNESIUM: 117   CALCIUM: 109       SODIUM: 70
CADMIUM: 0.00000 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0000  TOTALALK: 228
FLUORIDE: 2.9000 MERCURY: 0.00000000SULFATE: 322    BCARBALK: 278.000000000
IRON: 0.0900000  NITRATE: 3.350000  HARD: 755       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.00000000 SELENIUM: 0.01090000               TDS: 1024

WHITHARRAL WATER SUPPLY CORP
C/O GLEN THROCKMORTON - PRESIDENT
P O BOX 177
WHITHARRAL           TX  79380             COUNTY: HOCKLEY
MAGNESIUM: 130   CALCIUM: 132       SODIUM: 120
CADMIUM: 0.00500 MANGANESE: 0.0200  SILVER: 0.0100  TOTALALK: 209
FLUORIDE: 3.9000 MERCURY: 0.00020000SULFATE: 503    BCARBALK: 255.000000000
IRON: 0.1400000  NITRATE: 9.470000  HARD: 865       CARBALK: 0
LEAD: 0.02000000 SELENIUM: 0.02100000               TDS: 1335


          IN CALIFORNIA:  Bartlett Springs contains 67 mg /L Calcium, 360 mg/L
          magnesium, and 4.3 mg/L sodium.  This unique spring water has been
          bottled since 1869, and is reputed to have a laxative effect due to
          its 360 mg/L magnesium content.  Vittel of France bought it and
          bottled it under the name Vittel, but it failed in the marketplace.
          It is rumored to be for sale complete with a new bottling plant for
          $10 million.  The laxative effect could be removed by diluting it
          with low TDS water to give a magnesium content of 90 mg/L.  It is not
          being currently bottled.  Flow:  55 GPM.

          Adobe Springs in Stanislaus County, California contains 3.8 mg/L
          calcium, 96 mg/L magnesium, and 6.4 mg/L sodium.  Adobe Springs is
          family owned and operated.  Water is sold in bulk to bottlers for
          $.03 per gallon.  It is bottled by the 7-Up plant in Modesto under
          their brand name, "Noah's Spring Water", which is sold in
          supermarkets in the vicinity in PET bottles, and also in the 5 gallon
          returnable size for home and office delivery.  The taste is commonly
          described as sweet.  Flow: 142 GPM.

59 MORE CALIFORNIA WATER SOURCES WITH 90 OR MORE mgs OF MAGNESIUM PER LITER

COUNTY           WATER SOURCE                            Mg  Ca    Ratio

Alameda          CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE - LIVERMORE   100   46   0.460
Alameda          EBMUD                                  604    4   0.007
Alameda          ACFC&WCD-ZONE 7                        129  227   1.760
Contra Costa     ANTIOCH                                110   25   0.227
Contra Costa     CONTRA COSTA CWD                       170   13   0.076
Fresno           CITY OF CLOVIS                        3230   21   0.007
Fresno           CITY OF FRESNO                         168   33   0.196
Fresno           CARUTHERS CSD                          396    2   0.006
Kern             LAIDLAW ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES         116  202   1.741
Kern             CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE-BAKERSFIELD    95   37   0.389
Kings            CITY OF HANFORD                        140    7   0.050
Lake             CITY OF LAKEPORT                       173   28   0.162
Lake             BUCKINGHAM PARK CWD                     98   88   0.898
Lake             HIDDEN VALLEY LAKES CSD                130   12   0.092
Los Angeles      DOMINGUEZ WATER CORP - CARSON          189   31   0.165
Los Angeles      LOS ANGELES CWWD-LANCASTER PALMDALE     93   37   0.402
Los Angeles      CITY OF SANTA MONICA                   102  147   1.441
Los Angeles      SUBURBAN WATER SYS-SAN JOSE-W COVINA   912   94   0.103
Monterey         CALIFORNIA-AMERICAN WC - MONTEREY      621   66   0.106
Monterey         CITY OF GREENFIELD                     110  140   1.273
Monterey         CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE - LAS LOMAS   439   58   0.132
Monterey         MARINA CWD                             315  540   1.714
Riverside        COACHELLA VALLEY CWD - COVE            112   33   0.295
San Bernardino   CITY OF NEEDLES                        111   83   0.749
San Joaquin      SAN JOAQUIN RIVER CLUB                 130   59   0.458
San Luis Obispo  CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO                 94   36   0.389
San Luis Obispo  SAN LUIS OBISPO CWWD 01 - SAN MIGUEL   522   47   0.090
San Luis Obispo  MORRO BAY WD                            99   54   0.545
San Luis Obispo  SAN LUIS OBISPO CSA 09A-BAYWOOD PARK   396   41   0.104
San Luis Obispo  CALIFORNIA CITIES WATER-ROLLING HILLS   94   92   0.977
San Luis Obispo  SAN LUIS OBISPO CSA 08 - CAYUCOS       106   52   0.491
San Luis Obispo  NACIMIENTO WC - OAK SHORES             120  210   1.750
San Luis Obispo  HEARST MEMORIAL STATE BEACH            150   86   0.573
San Luis Obispo  SAN SIMEON CREEK STATE BEACH            90   54   0.600
San Luis Obispo  CALIFORNIA MENS COLONY                 105   18   0.166
San Luis Obispo  CALIFORNIA MENS COLONY                 109   18   0.161
Santa Barbara    LOMPOC WD                               90  228   2.533
Santa Barbara    MONTECITO WD                           213   30   0.140
Santa Barbara    CITY OF SANTA BARBARA                  109   95   0.874
Santa Barbara    CITY OF SOLVANG                         90  105   1.163
Santa Barbara    SANTA YNEZ RIVER WATER CONS DIST       117  116   0.988
Santa Barbara    GAVIOTA BEACH STATE PARK               160  136   0.850
Santa Barbara    VANDENBERG AFB                         127    0   0.000
Santa Clara      SAN JOSE WATER COMPANY                  99   62   0.626
Santa Cruz       SOQUEL CREEK CWD - CAPITOLA            939   79   0.084
Solano           CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE - DIXON        92   48   0.522
Solano           CITY OF FAIRFIELD                      108   19   0.176
Sonoma           SONOMA CWA                             302   22   0.073
Stanislaus       HILLSVIEW HOMES (WESTLEY)               90   77   0.853
Stanislaus       WALNUT ACRES - PATTERSON               100   84   0.837
Stanislaus       DEL ESTE WC - GRAYSON                   92   48   0.516
Sutter           HILLCREST WC - 1,2,3 & 4                92   57   0.620
Ventura          NYELAND ACRES MWC                      106  243   2.292
Ventura          WARRING WATER SERVICE - PIRU            90  155   1.722
Ventura          UNITED WTR CONSRVTIN DST-OXNARD PLAIN   91  156   1.714
Ventura          CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK          186   85   0.457
Ventura          U.S. NAVY - SAN NICOLAS ISLAND        1100   45   0.041
Yolo             CITY OF DAVIS                           95   46   0.484
Yolo             U.C. DAVIS                              99   15   0.152


=============================================================================

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