

Generating Biographs part 1

Generating Biographs part 1


The subject of your first biograph will be Arthur Henry REYNOLDS-21, so quit
the last display (FAMILY 20) by pressing Esc, and move the highlight to the
top of the Main menu before you press Enter. You should then press key P and
enter 21 to display your subject. As he should not longer appear in the F6
Persons list (if you are following this tutorial precisely) put him back by
pressing the Ins key. His restoration to the list will be confirmed by the
message:

Arthur REYNOLDS-21 is No.16 in list. Press Enter

at the bottom of the screen. Press F3 to drop down the Options menu and make
the setting as shown  here:


                                               Options
 Ŀ
  Soundex Surname Matching     [ ] 
  Include Grandparents         [ ] 
  Include Uncles & Aunts       [ ] 
  Include First Cousins        [ ] 
  Include Greatgrandchildren   [ ] 
  Include Nephews & Nieces     [ ] 
  Include -in-laws             [ ] 
  Add age of baby's mother     [ ] 
  Add Special Anniversaries    [X] 
  Add Census Predictions       [ ] 
  Add Notable Dates            [ ] 
  Add Regnal Dates             [ ] 
  Append Next of Kin           [X] 
  Step through Biograph        [ ] 
  Display Predicted Household  [ ] 
  Append PAF Notes             [ ] 
 


The 'Special Anniversaries' are Coming of Age and Silver, Ruby & Gold Wedding
Anniversaries. 'Append Next of Kin' will output the survivors of the subject,
or in the case of a living subject, the next of kin on the day the biograph
ends. Press Esc to return to the Person Display when you have the settings
shown above. Now press Enter to begin the biograph generating process. You
should see on your screen exactly what appears below in normal and bold type.
Tutorial comments and instructions appear in italic.


3 events


was born at Barham, Kent ........................................ 27 Jul 1873
was baptised at Barham, Kent .................................... 22 Sep 1873
died at General Hospital, Margate, Kent ......................... 14 Mar 1942
Stop after when (Default: 14 Mar 1943) ?


The last line is a prompt (default is one year after death) and you may
either accept this date (by pressing <Enter>) or enter a date to which the
biograph is to run. This facility allows the Family Historian to investigate
the aftermath of the death of an ancestor and trace the subject's descendants
for up to three generations. You may, of course, run any biograph up to the
present day, listing Notable Events, but the furthest that family history
output can be taken is to the death of the last surviving great-grandchild.

When you have specified the last date in the biograph, a coming of age (if it
occurred) is added to the list above and then the following prompt appears at
the bottom of the screen:

Esc to cancel,  Enter to find relatives_


The Relatives that now appear (apart from Father & Mother)  are either
-in-laws or descendants of the subject's children. The subject's siblings and
children were already 'in stock' before biograph generation began and hence
they do not appear at this stage. For the above example the following should
be output:

Relatives born before 14 Mar 1943
                           FATHER           Stephen REYNOLDS
                           MOTHER           Charlotte PETLEY
                           FATHER-IN-LAW    George ABBS
                           MOTHER-IN-LAW    Jane KNIGHT
                           SON-IN-LAW       Charles COOLEY
                           GRANDDAUGHTER    Jean COOLEY
                           GRANDSON         Peter COOLEY

                           Esc to cancel,  Enter to proceed_


Biographer  fills up one screen at a time during the biograph preparation
stage and there is a prompt:


                 Paused...  SPACE to continue now.


so that you may inspect the details that have been extracted for the kin that
have been processed. Each person from the above kin list is processed in turn
and the events in their lives are  displayed. The last screen for this
subject should appear thus:


36 events

HIS DAUGHTER, Natalie REYNOLDS...
was born at Margate, Kent........................................        1913


Esc to cancel,  Enter to proceed_


When you press Enter, Biographer looks for any notable events that are to be
included and, as there are none in this case, proceeds straight to the next
prompt:


Esc to cancel,  Enter to start sort_


Sorting is done by processing a temporary file of the above events. Each
event is detailed at the top of the screen and sorting is normally so rapid
that it is not possible to read one set of details before the next is being
displayed. Hence the need for Options item :

 Step through Biograph        [X] 


to be set. When it is set you have time to read each event and you then press
SPACE to continue sorting the biograph.

When sorting is completed, a list of survivors is displayed followed by the
prompts:


Room to save file on logged drive

     Esc to cancel. Input file name or Enter to save as: C0021.BIO

The file name proposed by Biographer is based upon the ID of the subject if
there is one entered, otherwise PIN followed by the subject's Personal
Identification Number. The default extension (BIO) is saved in initialization
file BIO.INI for each data set, but you can change that if you wish. (See
page 20) For this example simply press Enter, the file will be saved with the
name C0021.BIO and then you will get the prompt:


 Esc to quit.  Enter to edit the biograph_


If you press Enter now, then your new biograph is opened by the auxiliary
program BIOEDIT.EXE, launched automatically from Biographer. Full details of
this Editor are in a separate booklet. The biograph produced should look
exactly like the print out that follows. Notice that there are 4 spaces for a
margin in each line and that no line has more than 80 characters, exactly as
you set at the start of this tutorial.

(NB: Biograph modified to fit screen, and appears in next Section)


Generating Biographs part 2

Generating Biographs part 2


Arthur Henry REYNOLDS (C0021)                       Prepared: Wed  1 Dec 1993

AGE        DATE                    EVENT             ( age based on baptism)
   Tue  5 Dec 1837His mother Charlotte PETLEY born at Blean, Hoath, Kent
   Sat 29 Aug 1840His father Stephen Frederick REYNOLDS was born at Barham,
                  Kent
   Sat  3 Nov 1866His father Stephen Frederick REYNOLDS married mother
                  Charlotte PETLEY at Poplar, Middlesex

   Sun 27 Jul 1873He was born at Barham, Kent
                  (His parents were married 6 years 8 months before)
   Mon 22 Sep 1873He was baptised at  Barham, Kent
  3Sat 20 Jan 1877His future spouse Fanny Louisa APPS born at Bridge, Kent
  7Abt        1881His future 2nd spouse Ellen Agnes SMITH was born at Kent
 19Sun 23 Jul 1893He married Fanny Louisa APPS at St Peter, Bridge, Kent
 20Fri 15 Sep 1893His daughter Dorothy Jane REYNOLDS born at Barham, Kent
 20Sun 29 Oct 1893His daughter Dorothy Jane REYNOLDS was baptised at Barham
                  Kent
 21Fri 27 Jul 1894He came of age
 22Sun 27 Oct 1895His daughter Phyllis Marjory REYNOLDS was baptised at
                  Barham, Kent
 23Sat 22 May 1897His daughter Elsie Victoria REYNOLDS born at Barham, Kent
 25Sun 30 Apr 1899His son Arthur George REYNOLDS baptised at  Barham, Kent
 26Tue  2 Jan 1900His son Charles Albert REYNOLDS was born at Barham, Kent
           UndatedHis son Arthur George REYNOLDS died (aged  1)
 26Fri 13 Apr 1900His son Arthur George REYNOLDS funeral was held at Barham
 28       Oct 1901His daughter Annie Elizabeth REYNOLDS born at Barham,Kent
 34       Mar 1908His father Stephen Frederick REYNOLDS died at Barham,Kent
                  (aged 67)
 34Mon 27 Apr 1908His wife Fanny Louisa REYNOLDS (ne APPS) died at Barham,
                  Kent  (aged 31)
 34Sun  3 May 1908His wife Fanny Louisa REYNOLDS ne APPS funeral was held
                  at Barham, Kent
 35Sat 24 Apr 1909He marr. Ellen Agnes SMITH at Primitive Methodist Chapel,
                  Margate, Kent
 36Wed 24 Nov 1909His son Sidney Arthur REYNOLDS was born at Margate, Kent
 36Mon 28 Mar 1910His son Sidney Arthur REYNOLDS was baptised at St John,
                  Thanet, Kent
 37Thu 18 May 1911His daughter Helen Agnes REYNOLDS born at Margate, Kent
 37Fri 30 Jun 1911His daughter Helen Agnes REYNOLDS was baptised at St John
                  Thanet, Kent
 39Abt        1913His daughter Natalie REYNOLDS was born at  Margate, Kent
 43Fri 30 Mar 1917His son Charles Albert REYNOLDS died at Brompton Hospital
                  Chelsea, London  (aged 17)
 47Abt    Apr 1921His mother Charlotte REYNOLDS ne PETLEY died at Barham,
                  Kent (aged 83)
 51Thu 11 Sep 1924His daughter Elsie Victoria REYNOLDS marr. Charles Thomas
                  COOLEY at St John Baptist, Barham, Kent
 55Tue 19 Mar 1929His granddaughter Jean Elsie COOLEY was born at  St Johns
                  Park, Tufnell, LCC
 55Sun 28 Apr 1929His granddaughter Jean Elsie COOLEY was baptised at  St
                  John's, Upper Holloway, LCC
 60Tue 24 Apr 1934Silver Wedding Anniversary
 64Thu  3 Mar 1938His grandson Peter COOLEY born at  Oakleigh Road, East
                  Barnet, HRT
 64Sun  1 May 1938His grandson Peter COOLEY baptised at  St John's, Friern
                  Barnet, MDX
 68Sat 14 Mar 1942He died at General Hospital, Margate, Kent

                               SURVIVED BY
      Relation            Names                                        Age

      SON                 Sidney Arthur REYNOLDS                       32
      DAUGHTER            Dorothy Jane REYNOLDS                        48
      DAUGHTER            Phyllis Marjory REYNOLDS                     46
      DAUGHTER            Annie Elizabeth REYNOLDS                     40
      DAUGHTER            Elsie Victoria COOLEY (ne REYNOLDS)         44
      DAUGHTER            Helen Agnes REYNOLDS                         30
      DAUGHTER            Natalie REYNOLDS                             29
  2nd WIFE                Ellen Agnes REYNOLDS (ne SMITH)             61
      GRANDSON            Peter COOLEY                                  4
      GRANDDAUGHTER       Jean Elsie COOLEY                            12


Generating Biographs part 3

Generating Biographs part 3


After you have studied your first biograph you should press F10 to leave the
Editor and return to Biographer. Try out some of the other Options and notice
the difference. In view of what is recorded for the present subject, the
following alternative settings are suggested:


                                          Options
 Ŀ
  Soundex Surname Matching     [ ] 
  Include Grandparents         [ ] 
  Include Uncles & Aunts       [ ] 
  Include First Cousins        [ ] 
  Include Greatgrandchildren   [ ] 
  Include Nephews & Nieces     [ ] 
  Include -in-laws             [X] 
  Add age of baby's mother     [X] 
  Add Special Anniversaries    [ ] 
  Add Census Predictions       [ ] 
  Add Notable Dates            [ ] 
  Add Regnal Dates             [X] 
  Append Next of Kin           [ ] 
  Step through Biograph        [X] 
  Display Predicted Household  [ ] 
  Append PAF Notes             [X] 
 



The effect of 'Include -in-laws' is self-explanatory. 'Add age of baby's
mother' requests Biographer to compute the age of the mother whenever the
birth of a child appears in the biograph. 'Add Regnal Dates' requests
Biographer to look up any notable events in file BIO.DAT that ends with ^ and
to merge those events into the biograph. The events need not be Accessions -
it is entirely up to you to edit BIO.DAT so that the events marked with ^ are
those you want to appear when this option is set. 'Step through Biograph' is
the option that will cause Biographer to pause after each event has been
sorted into chronological order and wait for you to study the output before
you press SPACE to proceed. 'Append details of Sources' will indicate the
Source No. of information within the biograph, and give full details of the
numbered source after the biograph.

Now generate a new biograph for Arthur Henry REYNOLDS and save it with the
filename C0021A.BIO. When you go to the editor to look at your new biograph,
open file C0021.BIO as well and 'tile' the two windows for a quick comparison
of the two biographs. The first thing you need to do is open the first
version of the biograph: C0021.BIO. You can do this by pressing F4 Open,
which will give you a directory of all  .BIO files in your \PAF directory,
plus a list of the PAF data sets as sub-directories. Press Tab to move the
highlight into the list of Files, and then use the arrow keys to move it on
to BIOTUTOR..PAF\, and press Enter. You will then have a list of the .BIO
files in that sub- directory so move the highlight on to C0021.BIO and press
Enter. This will open that file in a window that completely covers the window
containing C0021A.BIO! To view both files, hold down the Alt key and press W
to drop down the Window menu, from which you should simply press T (or Enter)
to view both files. You can scroll up and down the 'active' window with the
up and down arrow keys, or PgUp and PgDn. You can move from one window to the
other by pressing F5 Next.

You will notice as you examine these two biographs that, although PAF refers
to "christening" and "burial", Biographer uses the verbs "baptised" and
"funeral was held". This change in phraseology is carried out by Biographer
and you can reset these phrases and change other settings for the data set
you are processing at any time by first pressing F2 to drop down the Main
menu. When you have thoroughly compared the two biographs in their separate
windows, press F10 to Quit the Editor.


Change Phrases part 1

Change Phrases part 1


Back at the Person display for Arthur Henry REYNOLDS, press F2 to drop down
the Main menu:


                       Main menu
                       Ŀ
                        PERSON display              
                        FAMILY display              
                        Change phrases              
                        Erase Biograph file         
                        Drive for temporary files   
                        Run PAF                     
                       


and press C to Change phrases.

Biographer will automatically execute a 'child' process: the program
REPHRASE.EXE. As soon as that is loaded, you will get this prompt at centre
screen:


Input the phrase for BIRTH, default: He was born _


You should leave that phrase as it is by simply pressing Enter. That will
cause the next EVENT to be displayed:


Input the phrase for CHRISTENING default: He was baptised _


It is suggested that you leave this event, and event DEATH as they are and
proceed swiftly to event BURIAL by pressing successively Enter  Enter. You
will then have this displayed:


Input the phrase for BURIAL, default: His funeral was held _


Biographer allows you to begin your phrases with a masculine personal
pronoun, He or His, so as to generate less stilted sentences in the biograph.
If you want the personal pronoun then it must be at the beginning of the
phrase and Biographer converts it to the feminine form when necessary. At the
end of the phrase you may, if you wish, include a suitable preposition. If
you do not enter a preposition then Biographer will insert the DEFAULT
preposition, (see below), to make its sentences grammatical. As supplied, the
phrase for event BURIAL was as shown above, with no preposition at the end,
and Biographer has been inserting "at", the default preposition, as you can
see in the biograph reproduced on page 15. There is an example on 3 May
1908.

You should now enter:

       He was buried in

in order to demonstrate that "in" will replace the default preposition "at"
whenever Biographer reports a BURIAL from now on.

It is suggested that you leave all the other settings as they were supplied.
When all of the above settings have been completed, the subsequent prompt
asks you to confirm the following default naming settings:

Show Title before Given Names (Y/N)? _


This setting and the following one affect the way that the subject is
described in the biograph. If you have recorded a Title for your subject,
then it will appear before the given names and the surname if you press key Y
in response to the above prompt.

The other similar prompt is:

Show ID after Surname (Y/N)? _


and the results of inputting Y are self-explanatory.


Change Phrases part 2

Change Phrases part 2


Biographer is supplied with two dates that are peculiar to Great Britain. The
next two prompts let you either accept the default values or input your own
date to take account of the non-British residence of the subject(s) of your
biograph:

When was New Style (Gregorian) Calendar adopted 3 Sep 1752? _

                                   followed by:

Age of Majority is 18 for children born on or after 1 Jan 1952? _



N.B. The dates when other countries adopted the New Style Calendar may be
found in file BIO.DAT by pressing F5 Notable Date from the Person or FAMILY
displays of Biographer. The editor facilitates a Search for the particular
country you wish to know about. It is date of birth of qualifying children
that should be input in response to the second prompt above, NOT the date
when 18-year olds came of age.

The penultimate prompt for this setting process is:


Default preposition before placenames at? _


at is the default preposition supplied with Biographer which you may accept
by simply pressing Enter. Otherwise you should type your preferred word
before pressing Enter. The preposition selected will be appended only to the
verbs in the events BIRTH, CHRISTENING, DEATH, BURIAL, MARRIAGE & DIVORCE
that do not end with a preposition.

Bear in mind that the name of the spouse follows the phrase for MARRIAGE.
(See Page 15 on 23 Jul 1893.) Hence you should not input a phrase such as "He
was married", but use "He married" or "He wed" instead. The purpose of the
default preposition is to make a grammatical connection with the placename
that may follow. An ill-judged default preposition can have farcical results,
e.g. He was baptised on St. James, Newtown. Hence, Biographer will only
accept:  in  at  &  by.

The final prompt is:


Extension for Biograph files BIO? _

BIO is the default extension supplied with Biographer which you may accept by
simply pressing Enter. Then the default name suggested by Biographer before
you save a biograph will end with .BIO  Otherwise, you should type your
preferred 1-3 character extension before pressing Enter. Note that you are
not committed to this extension for all files in the data set; newly
generated biographs may be saved with whatever name + extension you specify.
This prompt merely lets you change the extension that Biographer will append
to the file name it suggests.

When the default extension has been accepted or re-specified, the following
message appears at centre screen:


Phrases & Defaults in C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\BIO.INI updated. Press any key...



On returning to Biographer you will have the same drop-down menu from which
you selected Change phrases:

                       Main menu
                       Ŀ
                        PERSON display              
                        FAMILY display              
                        Change phrases              
                        Erase Biograph file         
                        Drive for temporary files   
                        Run PAF                     
                       



Now press P to go back to the Person display and inspect the effects of the
changes you have made to text selected:


Father  Mother  Spouse  Person  No.of family  Go same surname  Enter Biograph
 Arthur Henry REYNOLDS ͻ
    ID:C0021                                                Male   PIN:21  
 BIRTH:27 Jul 1873 Barham, Kent                                            
CHRIST:22 Sep 1873 Barham, Kent                                            
 Marr1:23 Jul 1893 Fanny APPS-22 (6 children) MIN:7                        
 Marr2:24 Apr 1909 Ellen SMITH-192 (3 children) MIN:53                     
 DEATH:14 Mar 1942 General Hospital, Margate, Kent  Death                  
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
                                                                           
-----------------------------------  PARENTS  -----------------------------
FATHER:Stephen REYNOLDS-254             MOTHER:Charlotte PETLEY-263        
  MARR: 3 Nov 1866 Poplar, Middlesex                               MIN:68  
ͼ
F2 Main  F3 Options  F4 Editor  F5 Notable date  F6 Persons  F7 Log  Esc Quit


Although there are no changes evident in the above display, you can observe
the effects now by pressing Enter to generate a new biograph and save it with
the file name C0021B.BIO. Have a look at it with the editor and compare it
with the earlier version.


Erasing Biograph Files

Erasing Biograph Files


MAIN menu. Erase  Biograph file

During this tutorial and later, when you are working on your own family data,
you will generate biographs that are of no further interest and take up
valuable space on your disk. You can, of course, erase them with the usual
DOS command. Alternatively, Biographer provides you with an erase routine in
the Main menu.


                       Main menu
                       Ŀ
                        PERSON display              
                        FAMILY display              
                        Change phrases              
                       Erase Biograph file         
                        Drive for temporary files   
                        Run PAF                     
                       


Press key E and the following  message will appear at the bottom of the
screen:

File to erase? _

If this menu item has been selected accidentally then you may (as always)
return to the previous display by pressing the Esc key. Otherwise, you should
enter the file name, with its extension (BIO). There is no need to specify
the path, unless it is a file in another data set. If the file exists (and is
not a  protected file like BIO.INI or BIO.DAT) then you are asked to confirm
its erasure:


Erase file C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\PIN247.BIO? Y or N _

If you press Y or y then the message becomes:


File C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\PIN247.BIO erased. Press any key  _


If the file does not exist then the display becomes:


File C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\PIN247.BIO  not found! Press any key _


Drive for temporary files

Drive for temporary files


MAIN menu. Drive for temporary files

This item in the Main menu exists because Biographer needs some space on a
disk drive for the temporary file it creates in the process of preparing a
biograph. If the particular drive you have been using is nearly full then you
will be warned of the fact. You should immediately use this MAIN MENU item in
order to specify another drive where you know there is more free space
available.

                       Main menu
                       Ŀ
                        PERSON display              
                        FAMILY display              
                        Change phrases              
                        Erase Biograph file         
                       Drive for temporary files   
                        Run PAF                     
                       


Press D and this prompt will appear at the bottom of the screen:

Drive:\Directory for temporary files (Default: C:\PAF)? _


Run PAF

Run PAF


MAIN menu. Run PAF

As you browse through your Person or FAMILY displays, or after you have
generated a biograph you may notice that data is missing, or has not been
correctly recorded in a record. Biographer provides you with the option to
correct this mistake by running PAF as a 'child process'.


                       Main menu
                       Ŀ
                        PERSON display              
                        FAMILY display              
                        Change phrases              
                        Erase Biograph file         
                        Drive for temporary files   
                       Run PAF                     
                       

Press R to Run PAF, which will allow you to update the files that Biographer
for PAF only reads, and hence generate better biographs. You must be a
registered user of PAF and have FR.EXE installed in the same directory as
Biographer for PAF. If FR.EXE is not present, or if there is insufficient
memory to run it then this menu item will not function. The Family Records
program itself may tell you that there is not sufficient memory left for it
to handle the data set.


Add Notable Dates and Regnal Dates

Add Notable Dates and Regnal Dates


Options. Add Notable Dates. Add Regnal Dates
                                                   Options
  Ŀ
   Soundex Surname Matching     [ ] 
   Include Grandparents         [ ] 
   Include Uncles & Aunts       [ ] 
   Include First Cousins        [ ] 
   Include Greatgrandchildren   [ ] 
   Include Nephews & Nieces     [ ] 
   Include -in-laws             [ ] 
   Add age of baby's mother     [ ] 
   Add Special Anniversaries    [ ] 
   Add Census Predictions       [ ] 
  Add Notable Dates            [X] 
   Add Regnal Dates             [ ] 
   Append Next of Kin           [ ] 
   Step through Biograph        [ ] 
   Display Predicted Household  [ ] 
   Append PAF Notes             [ ] 
  


File BIO.DAT contains details of events (mainly in the English-speaking
world) that are considered to have had an impact on most people alive at the
time. There are events of significance to genealogists (e.g. Hardwicke's
Marriage Act, Civil Jurisdiction of Probate, etc.), events of significance to
all historians (e.g. Change of Head of Government or of Head of State), and
events that were socially disruptive (e.g. the two World Wars). By selecting
Add Notable Dates in the Options menu you can merge any date in file BIO.DAT
whose label does not end with * and which falls during the lifetime of the
subject into their biograph.

As you may have collected your Family History into various data sets, when
you install Biographer you can make a copy of BIO.DAT for each such set, and
modify it later to suit the environment of most of the persons in that set.
For example, if one branch of the family emigrated then you may wish to enter
dates into BIO.DAT that are more relevant to the country in which they
settled. Similarly, the Census Predictions made by Biographer will be more
meaningful if you enter the dates when Censuses were held in the country to
which this family went. In Biographer 2 you can have any number of Census
predictions, by ending the text that you input to BIO.DAT with a % sign.

From either the Person or FAMILY displays press F3 to get the drop-down menu
and set it as in the above illustration. Return to the Person display for
Arthur REYNOLDS-21 and produce a new biograph for him. Save it as C0021D.BIO.
When you go to the editor and browse this new biograph you will see that
there are about 25 Notable Events merged into his biograph. For the current
subject, this should include the accessions of Edward VII, George V, Edward
VIII, and George VI.

Press F10 to Quit the editor and then F3 to get the Options menu. Deselect
Add Notable Dates and select Add Regnal Dates only. Press Esc to quit the
menu and then Enter to produce another biograph, which you should save as
C0021E.BIO. When you browse through this biograph you should find that only
the above four accessions to the throne have been merged in. Accessions are
indicated in file BIO.DAT by terminating their label with ^. As explained
above, the events marked with ^ do not have to be Accessions. You may set up
your own copy of BIO.DAT with any other type of event that you wish to
select, thereby excluding all those that are not marked with ^.


Add Census Predictions

Add Census Predictions


Options. Add Census Predictions

                                                   Options
  Ŀ
   Soundex Surname Matching     [ ] 
   Include Grandparents         [ ] 
   Include Uncles & Aunts       [ ] 
   Include First Cousins        [ ] 
   Include Greatgrandchildren   [ ] 
   Include Nephews & Nieces     [ ] 
   Include -in-laws             [ ] 
   Add age of baby's mother     [ ] 
   Add Special Anniversaries    [ ] 
  Add Census Predictions       [X] 
   Add Notable Dates            [ ] 
   Add Regnal Dates             [ ] 
   Append Next of Kin           [ ] 
   Step through Biograph        [ ] 
   Display Predicted Household  [ ] 
   Append PAF Notes             [ ] 
  



Dates and details of census/enumeration events for the United Kingdom are
contained in the BIO.DAT file supplied with Biographer. Such events are
terminated with a % sign to signal that a prediction of the members of the
household should be made on that date. Any number of events may have a %
appended to them and you may wish to add some special events for your own
family, e.g. enter the date of death of a Head of Household to investigate
the number of dependents when death occurred. Biographer will output a
prediction of the composition of a family group on any notable date that has
% at the end of the line. The rules that have been implemented for predicting
members of a household are as follows:

  When born, the subject of the biograph is added to the household of their
   mother (and their father, if the latter is known and still living).

  A new household is set up for the subject when he/she either marries, or a
   male subject sires a child with a partner that he ultimately marries.

  A wife adopts her husband's surname on marriage.

  Each child born to the subject and their current partner is added to the
   household.

  A child who dies and a child who marries is removed from the household.

  An unmarried daughter remains in the household with any children that she
   bears.

  An unmarried son who sires a child is removed from the household.

  A spouse who dies is removed from the household.

  A widowed female subject who remarries takes the surname of her new
   husband but her children retain their surname from birth.

  If parents were divorced on a known date (recorded in the PAF data set),
   the household is updated as if the husband had died, i.e. custody of
   children is presumed for the mother.

  After marriage, if the couple have already bred, or the bride or groom has
   children from a previous relationship, some of the children may form part
   of a new household. Such a household comprises the bride and groom, and
   all the bride's living, unmarried children. If their natural mother is
   dead then the living, unmarried children of the groom are also included.

  A widowed parent of the head of household (or his wife) together with
   their unmarried children are added to the household. When the widowed
   parent dies these children remain in the household of their brother or
   brother-in-law until they either reach the specified cut-offage, or marry
   or die.

  An age is set by you after which unmarried children and siblings (except
   the subject of the biograph) are assumed to have left home, and no longer
   appear in the household.

  The place of birth is reported by selecting as much text as will fit into
   the available space. You are recommended to use the British Standard
   (Chapman) County Codes instead of full  County names in your PAF data so
   as to facilitate a short, but accurate description in thepredicted Census
   Returns.



The design of the output from these rules is based upon the layout used for
the 1851 and subsequent census returns for England and Wales. Biographer has
an inbuilt rule for the 1841 Census: ages above 15 are rounded down to the
nearest five years, but, unlike the actual Census, the birthplace is fully
reported.

From the Person Display for Arthur REYNOLDS-21, press F3 for Options and
select only Add Census Predictions. As soon as you do that you will get this
prompt at the bottom of the screen:

Show no child above (Default 21)?

Twenty-one, the ancient age of majority, is the default cut-off age supplied
with Biographer. Except for the subject of the biograph, any children who
attain this age will not appear in the predicted household, although
unmarried. You can set this age to whatever you wish (above 10) in order to
improve the accuracy of your predictions because marriage is clearly not the
only reason why children may have left home. If you want to show all
unmarried children of the Head of Household at every Census, then enter 99
for the cut-off age. For this tutorial, simply press Enter to accept the
default of 21.

Press Esc to quit the menu and Enter to prepare yet another biograph for
Arthur REYNOLDS-21. Save this biograph as C0021F.BIO and then browse through
it. Notice how children get excluded as they attain majority. For example, in
the 1921 Census there is no reference to his daughter Elsie Victoria
REYNOLDS, and then immediately after the prediction you should see that she
did not marry until 1924.


In general, a process of reconciliation is required in order to  explain the
following discrepancies:

a)  Differences in the given names, age, and place of birth of an individual.

b)  Individuals who appear on the predicted returns, but not on the actual
    returns. This may be  because:
     i)  he/she has died
     ii) he/she has married and/or set up their own household
     iii)he/she simply did not sleep there on the night of the census

c)  Individuals who are related to the head of the household and appear on
    the actual   returns, but not on the predicted returns. This may be
    because:
     i)  a parent's remarriage is not recorded
     ii) a hitherto unknown child, or grandchild has been born
     iii)the abode is shared with parent(s), sibling(s) or children and/or
         their offspring.
     iv) he/she slept there on the night of the census


Function Keys bar

Function Keys bar


Function Keys bar

At the bottom of the Person and FAMILY display screens is a guide to what
happens when you press one of the Function keys F2 - F7:


F2 Main  F3 Options  F4 Editor  F5 Notable date  F6 Persons  F7 Log  Esc Quit


You have already practised using F2, F3 and F6 several times. The only
remaining keys to be explained are F4, F5 and F7.


Function Key F4

Display a Person or FAMILY and then press F4. After a short delay while the
Editor is loaded, you will get the editor 'desktop' with its own drop-down
menus indicated on the top line and its own guide to Function keys on the
bottom line. As you pressed F4 the desktop will be empty, i.e. no file will
be open and you would have to open one yourself using the drop-down File
menu. The editor has its own tutorial booklet supplied with Biographer and
you should go through that carefully on a future occasion. For now, simply
press F10 to return to Biographer.



Function Key F5

Display a Person or FAMILY and then press F5. After a short delay while the
Editor is loaded, you will get the editor with file
C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\BIO.DAT open in a window of that title. This is the file
of Notable dates that has already been mentioned. As every schoolchild knows,
history began in 1066, and so the Battle of Hastings is the first notable
event in your file. Many Family historians would like to claim an ancestor
who fought there, preferably on the winning (Norman) side!

The second event is the coronation of William the Conqueror, which may be
regarded as an Accession and so ends with ^. (You need to use the down arrow
key to move on to this event and then press End to see the ^ mark.).
Accessions follow rapidly and you should be able to spot those of William II,
Henry I, Stephen, Henry II, Richard I, John, and Henry III without scrolling
down the screen. It has already been explained that the ^ marked events are
the only ones to be merged into biographs, if you have only selected Add
Accessions from the Options menu.

There are no events marked with * in the file provided. You might like to
practice doing so by scrolling down to 4 Mar 1789 when George Washington
became first President of U.S.A. Press End to move to the end of the line and
type * (do not press Enter). Now, if this event falls during the life of a
biographed subject, it will NOT be merged into the biograph even if Add
Notable Events is selected.


Press F10 to Quit the editor and you will get an Information box that says:

                 [] Information ͻ
                                                         
                     C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\BIO.DAT         
                     has been modified. Save?            
                                                         
                         Yes        No         Cancel    
                                                         
                 ͼ


You should press key Y to save your change(s) or N to discard them and then
you are returned to the Biographer display from which you  pressed F5.


Function Key F7

Display a Person or FAMILY and then press F7. After a short delay while the
Editor is loaded, you will get the editor with file
C:\PAF\BIOTUTOR.PAF\LOG.BIO open in a window of that title. This file has
been updated automatically by Biographer every time that you generated and
saved a biograph during this tutorial. A typical log looks something like
this:

                                 BIOGRAPH LOG
DATE        NAMES [Life span]                                       PIN   MIN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

15 Nov 1993 Sarah COOLEY (ne JONES) [1786 - 1863]                 1162    56
15 Nov 1993 Fanny Louisa REYNOLDS (ne APPS) [1877 - 1908]          940    18
16 Nov 1993 Jean Elsie BUSHNELL (ne COOLEY) [1929 - ]              929    13
23 Nov 1993 William COOLEY [1775 - 1852]                            961    56
 3 Dec 1993 Arthur Henry REYNOLDS [1873 - 1942]                     939   101
 4 Dec 1993 James BLACK [1840 - 1940]                               960    42
 4 Dec 1993 James BLACK [1840 - 1940]                               960    42
 5 Dec 1993 Eleanor COOLEY (ne BLACK) [1867 - 1953]                938    17
 5 Dec 1993 Eleanor COOLEY (ne BLACK) [1867 - 1953]                938    17
 5 Dec 1993 Eleanor COOLEY (ne BLACK) [1867 - 1953]                938    17
 6 Dec 1993 Eleanor COOLEY (ne BLACK) [1867 - 1953]                938    17
 6 Dec 1993 Arthur Henry REYNOLDS [1873 - 1942]                     939   101


This logging procedure was first added to Biographer in order to record a
person's record number and their Family number, and thus make it easier to
navigate around the lineage-linked data. Now that the F6 Persons list is
available this feature has been retained purely as a record of the biographs
that you have prepared. The log needs purging from time to time and you can
use the editor to do so. The [Life span] is shown because it is generally
agreed to be the best way to distinguish between persons with exactly the
same names.


END OF TUTORIAL SECTION

____________________________________________________________________


LIMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS

Biographer Version 2.0 has the following limitations:

1.  A maximum of 400 events can be sorted for a biograph. Any excess is
    ignored.

2.  The number of notable events and Census dates is limited only by the
    capacity of the disk storing file BIO.DAT.



