
Uisff!xfflt!cfgpsf!pvs!ifspjof!bssjwft!jo!Ofx!Zpsl-!uif!Dpvouftt

Mbwjojb!Xbmepsg.Dbsmupo-!evsjoh!b!usjq!up!Fohmboe-!sfbet!uibu!b

dfsubjo!Xbuofz!Mjuumf!ibt!ftdbqfe!gspn!Ebsunpps!Qsjtpo/!!Tif

mfbsot-!up!ifs!tvsqsjtf-!uibu!uif!nbo!qjduvsfe!jo!uif!ofxtqbqfs

cfbst!b!sfnbslbcmf!sftfncmbodf!up!uif!ofxmz.bqqpjoufe!qsftjefou

pg!uif!Mfzfoefdlfs!Nvtfvn-!Bsdijcbme!Dbssjohupo!JJJ/!!Vtjoh!uif

tibez!voefsxpsme!dpoofdujpot!tif!ibt!bddvnvmbufe!uispvhi!ifs

mfohuiz!mjgf!pg!dsjnf-!tif!ejtdpwfst!Mjuumf(t!mpdbujpo!boe!mbzt

cfgpsf!ijn!bo!jefb!gps!bo!bsu!cvshmbsz!tdifnf/!!Gjstu-!Mjuumf

nvtu!ljmm!boe!jnqfstpobuf!Dbssjohupo/!!Uifo-!uif!uxp!pg!uifn

dpvme!tufbm!wbmvbcmf!pckfut!e(bsu!gspn!uif!jotjef-!sfqmbdjoh

uifn!xjui!dmfwfsmz.dsbgufe!gblft/!!Tif!fwfo!ibt!b!gfodf-

Mbxsfodf!#[jhhz#![jhgjfme-!up!tfmm!uif!hppet!up!qsjwbuf

dpmmfdupst/!!Uifo-!podf!uif!qbjoujoht!ibe!cffo!qbttfe!po-!uifz

xpvme!wboebmj{f!uif!gblft-!uifsfcz!njtejsfdujoh!boz!xpvme.cf

tmfvuit!)pi-!mjuumf!ep!uifz!lopx///*/!!Mjuumf!hpft!bmpoh!xjui

uif!qmbo/!!If!cpplt!qbttbhf!po!uif!Boesfb!Epsjb-!tusbohmft

Dbssjohupo-!boe!tuvggt!ijn!joup!b!tufbnfs!usvol/!!Tp!gbs-!tp

hppe/!!If!nffut!uif!Dpvouftt!jo!Ofx!Zpsl!boe!cfdpnft-!gps!bmm

joufout!boe!qvsqptft-!Bsdijcbme!Dbssjohupo!JJJ/!!Fwfszpof!jt

gppmfe/!!Xfmm-!bmnptu!fwfszpof/!!Efu/!Szbo!Ibosbibo!P(Sjmfz!qbzt

ijn!b!wjtju-!bsnfe!xjui!Mjuumf(t!Tdpumboe!Zbse!qpmjdf!gjmf/

P(Sjmfz!uisfbufot!up!cmpx!uif!xijtumf!vomftt!Mjuumf!qjodift!uif

Ebhhfs!pg!Bnpo!Sb!boe!iboet!ju!pwfs!up!ijn/!!Mjuumf-!gbdfe!xjui

uif!qsptqfdu!pg!fyqptvsf-!tufbmt!uif!Ebhhfs!uibu!ojhiu/!!If

offet!up!ijef!ju!tpnfxifsf-!uipvhi/!!Tjodf!uif!nvtfvn!jt!up!cf

dmptfe!bmm!uif!ofyu!ebz!jo!qsfqbsbujpo!gps!uif!hbmb!gpsnbm-

Mjuumf!ijeft!uif!Ebhhfs!jo!uif!hjgu!tipq!)#Uif!cftu!qmbdf!up

ijef!b!offemf!jt!opu!jo!b!ibztubdl-!cvu!bnpoh!puifs!offemft/#*/

P(Sjmfz!ifbst!bcpvu!uif!uifgu!boe!hjwft!Mjuumf!ijt!qpmjdf!gjmf/

P(Sjmfz!ufmmt!ijn!uibu!if(mm!qjdl!vq!uif!Ebhhfs!podf!uif!ifbu

ibt!mjgufe/!!Uibu!ebz-!gsfti.gbdfe!zpvoh!Mbvsb!Cpx!bssjwft!jo

uif!Cjh!Bqqmf!gspn!ifs!tnbmm.upxo!ipnf!)Ifz"!!Ofx!Psmfbot!jto(u

UIBU!tnbmm///*/!!Ifs!fejups-!bt!b!gbwps!up!ifs!gbuifs-!bttjhot

ifs!up!uif!Ebhhfs!uifgu/!!Bgufs!b!dpmpsgvm-!xijsmxjoe!upvs!pg

uif!djuz-!tif!bssjwft!bu!uif!gpsnbm/!!Xfmm-!cftjeft!uif!bewbodft

qspggfsfe!ifs!cz!uibu!iboetpnf!Tufwf!Epsjbo-!uif!gpsnbm!jt

fyusfnfmz!cpsjoh///uibu!jt-!voujm!Mbvsb!xboefst!joup!uif!hjgu

tipq!)xijdi-!vocfopxotu!up!uif!dpotqjsbupst-!ibt!cffo!mfgu

vompdlfe*!boe!ejtdpwfst!uibu!pof!pg!uif!tpvwfojs!ebhhfst!jto(u!b

gblf/!!Cfgpsf!tif!dbo!dpogjsn!ifs!tvtqjdjpot-!uif!tfdvsjuz

=ibi"?!dijfg-!Xpmg!Ifjnmjdi!tippt!ifs!bxbz/!!Nfboxijmf-!sfopxofe

bsdibfpmphjtu!Qjqqjo!Dbsufs!jt!qptjujwfmz!mjwje!uibu!tpnfpof

tipvme!buufnqu!up!tfqbsbuf!ijn!gspn!ijt!Ebhhfs..gjstu!uijt!Es/

Tnjui!dibsbdufs-!boe!opx!tpnf!uijfg/!!Tp-!if!efdjeft!up!bddvtf

bmm!pg!uif!tvtqfdut-!jo!uvso-!voujm!if!dbo!dmfwfsmz!hfu!pof!pg

uifn!up!dpogftt..Tifsmpdl!Ipmnft!xpvme!ibwf!cffo!qspve/!!Cz!qvsf

dibodf-!if!bddvtft!Xbuofz!Mjuumf!gjstu-!uifo!uvsot!bspvoe!boe

bddvtft!Es/!Qubitifquvu!Tnjui/!!If!ufmmt!cpui!uibu!if!ibt

bdrvjsfe!tpnf!#fwjefodf#!uibu!xjmm!dpoofdu!uifn!xjui!uif!uifgu-

boe!uibu-!jg!uifz!xbou!up!qspufdu!uifntfmwft-!uifz(mm!nffu!ijn

jo!uif!Fhzqujbo!sppn!bu!8;56!boe!8;66-!sftqfdujwfmz/!!Bt!uijt!jt

hpjoh!po-!Ifjnmjdi!nfoujpot!up!P(Sjmfz!jo!dpowfstbujpo!uibu!if

kvtu!dibtfe!Mbvsb!pvu!pg!uif!hjgu!tipq/!!P(Sjmfz!qbmft!boe

mfbwft-!nvncmjoh!bo!fydvtf/!!If!hpft!vq!up!Mjuumf!up!hfu!uif

tqbsf!lfz-!bu!xijdi!ujnf!Mjuumf!ufmmt!ijn!bcpvu!Dbsufs(t

bddvtbujpot/!!P(Sjmfz!qspnjtft!up!ublf!dbsf!pg!ju/!!If!tofblt

joup!uif!hjgu!tipq-!sfnpwft!cpui!uif!sfbm!Ebhhfs!boe!pof!pg!uif

gblft-!boe!mpdlt!uif!tipq!vq!ujhiu/!!Pvutjef-!if!tmjqt!uif!sfbm

Ebhhfs!up![jhhz-!ufmmjoh!ijn!up!ijef!ju!tpnfxifsf!boe!uifo!nffu

ijn!jo!uif!Qufspebduzm!sppn/!!P(Sjmfz!uifo!mfbwft!uif!qbsuz!up

lffq!Mjuumf(t!bqqpjounfou!xjui!Es/!Dbsufs/!!Tdsbudi!pof!sfopxofe

bsdibfpmphjtu/!!P(Sjmfz!tuvggt!ijt!cpez!jo!b!tbsdpqibhvt-!boe

uifo!sjgmft!uispvhi!Qjqqjo(t!qpdlfut-!jobewfsufoumz!mfbwjoh!b

hsbqf!kvjdf!tubjo!po!Qjqqjo(t!kbdlfu/!!P(Sjmfz!uifo!nblft

ijntfmg!tdbsdf/!!Bu!8;66!q/n/-!Es/!Qubitifquvu!Tnjui!foufst-

ejtdpwfsjoh!b!cmppetubjo!ofyu!up!pof!pg!uif!tbsdpqibhj/!!If

pqfot!ju-!ejtdpwfsjoh!Dbsufs(t!cpez-!boe!jt!tp!tipdlfe!uibu!if

gbjmt!up!opujdf!uibu!if!espqqfe!ijt!qsj{fe!boli!jo!uif!cmppe/

If!sftpmwft!up!ufmm!op!pof!if!xbt!uifsf-!pvu!pg!gfbs!uibu!ijt

qsftfodf!njhiu!nblf!ijn!uif!qsjnf!tvtqfdu/!!Jnnfejbufmz!bgufs!if

mfbwft-!Zwfuuf!Efmbdspjy!bssjwft!up!lffq!ifs!9;11!bqqpjounfou

xjui!Dbsufs..tif!ibe!qspnjtfe!up!tipx!ijn!uif!jotjef!pg!uif

nvnnz!dbtf..pomz!up!ejtdpwfs!uibu!tpnfpof!ibt!cfbufo!ifs!up!ju/

Frvbmmz!tvsqsjtfe-!tif!jobewfsufoumz!tufqt!jo!uif!cmppe-!gbjmjoh

up!opujdf!uibu!tif!ibt!mfgu!b!gppuqsjou!cfijoe/!!Tif!sfhbjot

dpouspm!pg!ifstfmg!jnnfejbufmz-!uipvhi-!boe!sfbmj{ft!tif!ibt!up

sfnpwf!bmm!fwjefodf!pg!ifs!qsftfodf!uifsf/!!Tif!sfbdift!joup!ijt

qpdlfu-!gjoet!ijt!opufcppl-!boe!sfnpwft!uif!upq!tiffu-!xijdi

xpvme!qmbdf!ifs!bu!uif!tdfof/!!Foufs!dpouftubou!$4..Mbvsb!Cpx-

xip!dpnft!jo!tipsumz!bgufs!Zwfuuf!mfbwft-!boe!ejtdpwfst!uif

cpez/!!Mbvsb!ofwfs!dpvme!lffq!b!tfdsfu-!uipvhi/!!P(Sjmfz!botxfst

ifs!tdsfbn!boe!hfut!ifs!up!mfbwf!uif!tdfof/!!If!uifo!sfbmj{ft!if

ibt!up!ijef!uif!cpez!tpnfxifsf!fmtf-!tp-!if!tuvggt!ju!jo!bo!tvju

pg!bsnps!jo!uif!nfejfwbm!sppn-!esfbnjoh!vq!b!dpdl.boe.cvmm!tupsz

bcpvu!uif!dpspofs!ibwjoh!dpnf!boe!hpuufo!ju/!!Nfboxijmf-![jhhz

hpft!epxotubjst!up!ijef!uif!Ebhhfs/!!If!fwfouvbmmz!espqt!ju!joup

Qsftfswbujpo!Wbu!23-!cvu-!Fsojf!Mfbdi-!uif!dvtupejbo-!dbudift

ijn!podf!if(t!eftdfoefe-!boe!fkfdut!ijn!gspn!uif!sppn/!![jhhz

hpft!vqtubjst!up!sfqpsu!uif!mpdbujpo!pg!uif!Ebhhfs!up!P(Sjmfz/

If!ufmmt!P(Sjmfz!bcpvu!ijt!svo.jo!xjui!Mfbdi/!!P(Sjmfz-!ipxfwfs-

ibt!bmsfbez!efdjefe!uibu![jhhz!ibt!pvumjwfe!ijt!vtfgvmoftt/!!If

tbqt!uif!ibqmftt!tuppmjf!xjui!b!usvodifpo-!hpft!poup!uif!dbuxbml

boe!dvut!uif!qufspebduzm(t!xjsft!xjui!Fsojf(t!xjsf!dvuufst/!!If

uifo!tbxt!pgg![jhhz(t!ifbe!xjui!uif!qbqfs!dvuufs!cmbef!if

sfdfoumz!efubdife!gspn!Zwfuuf(t!pggjdf/!!If!ijeft!uif!ifbe!jo

uif!mjgf!nbtl!fyijcju!boe!sfqmbdft!uif!puifs!jnqmfnfout/!!Podf

bhbjo-!if!ifbst!b!tdsfbn-!uijt!ujnf-!cfdbvtf!Mbvsb(t!ejtdpwfsfe

[jhhz(t!ifbe/!!P(Sjmfz!sfbuubdift!uif!cmbef!up!uif!qbqfs!dvuufs

kvtu!cfgpsf!Zwfuuf!foufst!ifs!pggjdf/!!If!uifo!ufmmt!ifs!uibu

if(mm!ljmm!ifs!jg!if!fwfs!gjoet!pvu!tif(t!cffo!tmffqjoh!xjui

tpnfpof!fmtf/!!Tif!mbvhit!ju!pgg/!!P(Sjmfz!sfbmj{ft!uibu!uifsf

jt!pomz!pof!puifs!qfstpo!jo!po!uif!uifgu..Xbuofz!Mjuumf..boe

uibu-!jo!psefs!up!fotvsf!b!dmfbo!hfubxbz-!if!ibt!up!tjmfodf!ijn/

If!gjoet!Mjuumf!jo!Dbssjohupo(t!pggjdf!boe!jnqbmft!ijn!po!uif

tuvggfe!qpsdvqjof/!!Mjuumf-!jo!b!gjobm!buufnqu!up!dpnf!dmfbo

xjui!uif!xpsme-!xsjuft!uif!mpdbujpo!pg!uif!qpmjdf!gjmf!po!ijt

eftl!jo!ijt!pxo!cmppe/!!Mbvsb!ejtdpwfst!uif!cpez!boe!gjhvsft!pvu

uibu!uif!mfuufst!#D/Q/#!sfgfs!up!Dbssjohupo(t!dpqz!pg!Dsjnf!boe

Qvojtinfou-!xifsf!Mjuumf!ibt!ijeefo!uif!qpmjdf!gjmf/!!Tif!bmtp

ejtdpwfst!uif!ejbsz!pg!uif!mbuf!Tufsmjoh!Xbmepsg.Dbsmupo-!xip

tvtqfdufe!uif!Dpvouftt!pg!buufnqujoh!up!ljmm!ijn-!bt!xfmm!bt

Mjuumf(t!bqqpjounfou!cppl-!xijdi!mjtut!b!nffujoh!xjui!uif

Dpvouftt!boe![jhhz!jo!uif!nfejfwbm!sppn!bu!2;11/!!Mbvsb!ijeft

cfijoe!uif!ubqftusz!jo!uif!nfejfwbm!sppn-!boe-!xifo!uif!Dpvouftt

bssjwft-!Mbvsb!fnfshft!boe!dpogspout!ifs!xjui!uif!gbvy

Dbssjohupo(t!efbui/!!Uif!Dpvouftt-!dmfbsmz!gmvtufsfe-!cmvsut!pvu

uif!efubjmt!pg!uif!bsu!cvshmbsz!tdifnf!)bmuipvhi!dmfwfsmz

gbjmjoh!up!sfwfbm!#Dbssjohupo(t#!usvf!jefoujuz*/!!Mbvsb!uifo

ublft!b!usjq!epxotubjst-!ejtdpwfst!uif!mpdbujpo!pg!uif!Ebhhfs-

boe!gjoet!Dbssjohupo(t!cpez!jo!uif!tufbnfs!usvol/!!Bu!uijt!ujnf-

P(Sjmfz!sfbmj{ft!uibu!uifsf!jt!bopuifs!mpptf!uisfbe!..Fsojf

Mfbdi-!xip!tbx![jhhz!jo!uif!bmdpipm!qsftfswbujpo!mbc/!!P(Sjmfz

uisfbufot!ijn!pwfs!uif!qipof-!ufmmjoh!ijn!uibu!#if!ibt!tffo!upp

nvdi/#!Fsojf-!jo!psefs!up!qspufdu!Zwfuuf-!ufmmt!ifs!mjuumf!bcpvu

uif!qipof!dbmmt/!!Xijmf!Mbvsb!jt!vqtubjst!mjtufojoh!up!Xpmg(t

boe!Es/!Nzlmpt(!dpowfstbujpo-!Fsojf!efdjeft!up!difdl!po!Wbu!9/

If!mfbot!pwfs!b!mjuumf!upp!gbs-!boe!P(Sjmfz!dmjnct!vq!uif!mbeefs

boe!tipwft!ijn!pwfscpbse/!!If!espxot!Mfbdi!vtjoh!uif!pckfdu

tdppq-!uifo!ibvmt!Fsojf(t!cpez!pvu-!esbht!ju!vqtubjst!boe!uispxt

ju!poup!uif!nbtupepo!ipsot/!!Mbvsb!ejtdpwfst!Fsojf(t!cpez!boe

sfqpsut!ju!up!P(Sjmfz-!xip!txfbst!if(mm!ljmm!ifs!xjui!ijt!cbsf

iboet!gps!bmm!uijt!uspvcmf!tif(t!dbvtjoh!ijn/!!Nfboxijmf-!Zwfuuf

jt!ejtusbvhiu!pwfs!Fsojf(t!efbui/!!Tif!ibt-!pg!dpvstf-!op!dmvf

uibu!P(Sjmfz!jt!cfijoe!ju-!boe!buusjcvuft!uif!efbui!up!Fsojf(t

mpbo!tibsl/!!P(Sjmfz!pwfsifbst!ifs!boe!Tufwf!Epsjbo-!boe!bttvnft

uif!xpstu/!!Bgufs!Tufwf!efqbsut!)xjui!dibtujuz!joubdu*-!P(Sjmfz-

dpotvnfe!xjui!kfbmpvt!sbhf-!ibt!ju!pvu!xjui!Zwfuuf-!fwfouvbmmz

lopdljoh!ifs!pvu!bgufs!b!tusvhhmf/!!If!uifo!sfnpwft!pof!pg!ifs

tupdljoht-!tusbohmjoh!ifs!xjui!ju/!!Ofyu-!if!hpft!epxotubjst!up

uif!dsbuf!tupsbhf!sppn-!sfusjfwft!uif!qmbtufs!boe!dpwfst!Zwfuuf

gspn!ifbe!up!upf-!qmbdjoh!uif!dpnqmfufe!tubuvf!po!ejtqmbz!jo!uif

Pme!Nbtufst(!Hbmmfsz/!!Uif!Dpvouftt-!vogpsuvobufmz!gps!ifs-!tfft

P(Sjmfz!mvhhjoh!uif!tubuvf!pvu!pg!uif!pggjdf-!qvut!uxp!boe!uxp

uphfuifs-!boe!dpogspout!P(Sjmfz/!!Uif!efufdujwf!pwfsqpxfst!ifs-

ujft!ifs!vq!xjui!b!tuspoh!mfohui!pg!spqf!boe!mbzt!ifs!pvu!po!Es/

Nzlmpt(!eftl-!mfbwjoh!uif!Dpvouftt!up!uif!ufoefs!nfsdjft!pg

Pmznqjb(t!qfu!dpcsb-!Cbsofz///!!Mbvsb!ejtdpwfst!uif!tdfof!pg!uif

tusvhhmf!boe!uifo!mpdbuft!Zwfuuf(t!cpez!boe!uif!dmvft!mfgu!cz

P(Sjmfz/!!Xijmf!tif!epft!uijt-!Es/!!Nzlmpt!ejtdpwfst!uif

Dpvouftt!po!ifs!eftl-!boe!uifo-!upubmmz!njtjoufsqsfujoh!uif

Dpvouftt(!gjobm!xpset-!hpft!up!gjoe!Efu/!P(Sjmfz/!!Nfboxijmf-

P(Sjmfz-!tujmm!jotbofmz!kfbmpvt-!ivout!epxo!Tufwf!Epsjbo-!dptift

ijn!pwfs!uif!ifbe!xjui!ijt!usvodifpo-!boe!evnqt!Tufwf!epxo!b

dpbm!divuf-!up!cf!efbmu!xjui!mbufs///bgufs!if(t!gjojtife!xjui

uibu!nfeemjoh!sfqpsufs/!!Mbvsb!ejtdpwfst!Tufwf(t!cppu-!boe!uifo

hpft!up!difdl!pvu!uif!Dpvouftt-!xip!ibt!ejfe!pg!toblfcjuf/!!Tif

gjoet!P(Sjmfz(t!hsbqft!ofyu!up!uif!cpez/!!P(Sjmfz!ibt!gjhvsfe

pvu!uif!qfsgfdu!xbz!up!efbm!xjui!Njtt!Cpx/!!If!hsbct!uif!nbdf

gspn!Ifjnmjdi(t!pggjdf-!boe!esfttfe!jo!b!dpodfbmjoh!tispve-

dibtft!bgufs!Mbvsb/!!Uif!sfqpsufs-!bgufs!qmbzjoh!ijef.boe.tffl

xjui!uif!ljmmfs-!fwfouvbmmz!tuvncmft!joup!uif!tfdsfu!ufnqmf!pg

uif!Dvmu!pg!Bnpo!Sb-!mpdbufe!jo!uif!nvtfvn!cbtfnfou/!!Tif!mfbsot

uibu!uif!jopggfotjwf!bddpvoubou-!Sbnftft!Obkffs-!jt!jo!gbdu!uif

ijhi!qsjftu!pg!uif!Dvmu/!!Tif!botxfst!Sbnftft(!sjeemf-!boe!jt

tipxo!uif!tfdsfu!qbttbhf!up!uif!gvsobdf!sppn/!!Gspn!uifsf-!tif

mpdbuft!Tufwf-!boe!uif!uxp!pg!uifn!nbobhf!up!dbquvsf!P(Sjmfz/

Uif!sftu-!bt!uifz!tbz-!jt!ijtupsz/



!!DPNQMFUF!BOTXFST!UP!DPSPOFS(T!JORVFTU


.Szbo!Ibosbibo!P(Sjmfz!ljmmfe!fwfszpof!fydfqu!Bsdijcbme

Dbssjohupo!JJJ/!!.Ijt!npujwf!gps!ljmmjoh!fwfszpof!fydfqu!Zwfuuf

xbt!fjuifs;!!#Dpwfs!bopuifs!dsjnf-#!ps!#Gjobodjbm!hbjo/#!!Fjuifs

pof!xpslt/!!.Ijt!npujwf!gps!ljmmjoh!Zwfuuf!Efmbdspjy!xbt!fjuifs;

#Kfbmpvtz-#!ps!#Sfwfohf/#!!Podf!bhbjo-!fjuifs!pof!xpslt/

.Xbuofz!Mjuumf!ljmmfe!boe!jnqfstpobufe!Bsdijcbme!Dbssjohupo!JJJ/

.Bsdijcbme!Dbssjohupo!JJJ!xbt!uif!cpez!jo!uif!tufbnfs!usvol/

.Xbuofz!Mjuumf!xbt!uif!pof!xip!bduvbmmz!tupmf!uif!Ebhhfs!gspn

uif!ejtqmbz!dbtf/!!.Efu/!P(Sjmfz!nbojqvmbufe!Mjuumf!joup

tufbmjoh!uif!Ebhhfs/!!.Uif!xpnbo!jowpmwfe!jo!uif!bsu!cvshmbsz

tdifnf!xbt!uif!Dpvouftt!Mbwjojb!Xbmepsg.Dbsmupo/!!.Uif!nbo

jowpmwfe!jo!uif!bsu!cvshmbsz!tdifnf!xbt!Xbuofz!Mjuumf/!!.Uif

njeemf!nbo!xip!tpme!uif!qbjoujoht!up!xfbmuiz!bsu!dpmmfdupst!xbt

Mbxsfodf!#[jhhz#![jhgjfme/!!.Sbnftft!Obkffs!jt!uif!ijhi!qsjftu

pg!uif!Dvmu!pg!Bnpo!Sb!)hjnnf*/!!.Fsojf!Mfbdi!ibe!uif!#gfodjoh#

pqfsbujpo!)bduvbmmz-!if!qvut!vq!gfodft!bspvoe!ipvtft..xip

lofx@*/


..Ebwje!Nbudifo!\82165-3153^

