                         INVISIBLE LAN GLOSSARY

                Copyright 1993 Invisible Software, Inc.



       [See GUIDE.TXT for a list of all manuals and text files.]



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386 control program -- A program that switches the 386 (or 386SX or 486)
microprocessor into virtual mode, so that the 386's memory management
features can be used.  Invisible RAM 386 includes a 386 control program,
called CP386.SYS.

386 enhanced mode -- A mode of operation of Microsoft Windows.  It
places the 386 into virtual mode, which allows Windows to create virtual
machines.

386 virtual mode -- A mode of operation of the 386, 386SX, and 486
microprocessors, which permits the use of the memory management hardware
that is built in to the microprocessor.  Invisible RAM 386 works by
switching the microprocessor into virtual mode.



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A386SRM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for the AT/386 chipset.

access method -- A print spooler parameter, that specifies how to send
data to the printer.  The possibilities are PORT (send data direct to
the hardware) or BIOS (send data to the computer's printer BIOS).

access method -- The method, usually implemented in hardware, whereby
several network stations can communicate over a single wire.  Examples
of access methods are CSMA/CD and HCA.

access rights -- The types of access that are permitted when someone
uses a server's disk.  Invisible LAN supports six types of access
rights:  READ, WRITE, CREATE, LIST, EXECUTE, and SHARING.

action menu -- A menu that lets you perform some action on an object
that you previously selected.  For example, you could select a file in
the print queue;  and then the action menu would let you delete the
file, move it to the front of the queue, or move it to the back of the
queue.

ANSI.SYS -- A DOS device driver that installs extended keyboard handling
support.

APPEND -- A DOS command that specifies directories where DOS should
search for data files.  APPEND may be used with network drives, but it
must not be installed until after Invisible LAN is started.

applications -- A TransBIOS parameter, that specifies the number of
TransBIOS application programs that may be installed concurrently.

associative cache -- A type of cache where the data is grouped into
small associations;  each item of data is only allowed to be in one of
the associations.  This way, it is not necessary to search the entire
cache in order to find an item of data;  only one association needs to
be searched.  The Invisible LAN disk cache is an associative cache.

associativity -- A disk cache parameter, that specifies the number of
disk tracks in each of the cache's associations.

AT/386 chipset -- A chipset, made by Chips and Technologies, that is
used in many 386 computers.  The AT/386 chipset supports shadow RAM.

ATTRIB -- The DOS command that displays or changes file attributes.
This command works with both local disks and network disks.

AUDIO -- An option of the NW command, that allows the network software
to use the speaker (reversing the effect of NOAUDIO).

audit trail -- A record of all actions performed on the server.  It is
stored in a disk file on the server.

audit trail size -- A server parameter that specifies how many records
can be stored in the audit trail file.

AUTOEXEC.BAT -- A batch file which is executed by DOS automatically when
you start your computer.

automatic print stream truncation -- A feature that sends an end-of-file
message to the print spooler whenever there has been no printer output
for a defined period of time.

automatic remapping -- The process of automatically re-establishing
drive and printer mappings when the server is rebooted.



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BACKUP -- The DOS command to back up files.  This command works with
both local disks and network disks.

background tasks -- A disk cache parameter, that specifies how many disk
tracks can be waiting to be written to disk.

BINDERY.DAT -- The file which contains all of the Invisible LAN security
information.

binding -- A relationship between two objects in the security system.  A
binding implies a relationship between the objects:  either membership
or permission.  For example, there is a binding between a group and user
who is a member of the group;  and there is a binding between a
shortname and a user who has permission to use the shortname.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) -- A set of programs that control the
basic operation of the computer.  The BIOS is stored in a ROM on the
computer's motherboard, and it occupies the highest addresses in the
system (segments FFFF down).

BIOS patch -- A disk cache parameter, that specifies the installation of
an alternative BIOS routine for accessing extended memory.

block Ctrl-Alt-Del -- A server parameter, that you can use to disable
the Ctrl-Alt-Del key so the server cannot be accidentally rebooted.

boot diskette -- A diskette that contains a copy of DOS, and any other
programs required to start a computer system.

boot diskette image file -- See image file.

BREAK -- The DOS command that lets you specify whether or not DOS should
check for the Ctrl-Break or Ctrl-C keys when performing disk operations.
This command can be used both on the DOS command line, and in the
CONFIG.SYS file.

break page -- A page that the print spooler prints at the start of each
print job, which contains the user name, job title, date, time, and a
graphic design.  The break page is optional.

break page -- A print spooler parameter, that specifies whether or not
to print a break page, and which type of printer formatting to use for
the break page (ASCII, PostScript, or PCL).

browsing -- The process of listing the resources in the network, so you
can access a resource by selecting it from a menu.

buffer size -- A print spooler parameter, that specifies the size (in
bytes) of the buffer used to transfer data to the printer.

buffer size -- A redirector parameter, that specifies the size (in
bytes) of the buffers used to cache network file data.

buffers -- A redirector parameter, that specifies the number of data
buffers used to cache network file data.  These buffers improve
performance for programs that do sequential file access with a small
record size.

BUFFERS -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, which establishes the
number of disk buffers allocated by DOS.

bulletin board -- A type of electronic mail system, in which mail
messages are stored in a disk file on the file server.  The bulletin
board automatically keeps track of replies, so you can quickly locate
all the replies to a message.  Messages can be public or private;
public messages let the bulletin board function as an electronic "forum"
where users can exchange ideas and information.

button -- See command button.



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C386EMM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM 386 device driver that provides memory
management.

cache -- A program that stores fixed disk data in memory, so it can be
accessed quickly.

CACHE -- The program that controls the operation of the disk cache.  It
can enable, disable, and flush the cache;  change write policy;  display
cache status;  and reset cache statistics.

CACHE30.SYS -- One of the two device drivers that must be installed in
CONFIG.SYS when you use Invisible LAN.  (The other one is N30DEV.SYS.)

CALL -- The DOS command, used within a batch file, to execute another
batch file and then return to the original batch file.

CANCEL -- An option of thw PQ command, that deletes the print job
currently being printed.  Printing continues with the next job in the
print queue.

CD -- The DOS command to display or change the current directory (same
as CHDIR).  This command works with both local disks and network disks.

CD ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only Memory) -- A type of interchangeable disk
that can store a huge amount of data, up to 680 megabytes.  The disk
resembles the CD's used in audio systems.  It is a read-only disk.

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) -- One of the three (CGA, EGA, VGA) video
graphics standards established by IBM.  CGA only supports text mode and
low-resolution graphics.

channels -- See DOS channels.

CHDIR -- The DOS command to display or change the current directory
(same as CD).  This command works with both local disks and network
disks.

checkbox -- In Microsoft Windows, a control that lets you turn an option
on or off.  A checkbox appears as a square with accompanying text.  The
square contains an X if the option is turned on.

chipset -- A set of chips that are used to build a motherboard.

CHKDSK -- A DOS command that displays disk usage information.  CHKDSK
does not work on network disks.  Also, on a server you need to pause the
server in order to run CHKDSK on a hard disk.

CLEAR -- An option with the PQ command, that deletes all the jobs in the
print queue.

clock -- See network clock.

CLRCMOS -- A command that completely erases the CMOS RAM of an AT-type
computer.  This completely erases the computer's configuration
information.

CLS -- The DOS command to clear the computer screen.

code location -- The type of memory used to hold a program's executable
code.  Most of the Invisible LAN programs offer a choice of code
locations:  conventional memory, shadow RAM, or expanded memory.

combo box -- See drop-down list box.

command button -- In Microsoft Windows, a graphical object that you can
"push" to initiate an action.  The button usually appears as a gray
rectangle with text in the middle.

COMMAND.COM -- The DOS command processor.  This program is responsible
for creating the DOS prompt, interpreting DOS commands typed at the
keyboard, executing internal DOS commands, and loading programs for
execution.

commands -- A NetBIOS parameter, which specifies the number of NetBIOS
operations that can be executed concurrently.

comment -- In the security system, a text string that is associated with
a user or group.  The string is displayed in the list of users and
groups, to remind you of what the user or group represents.

COMP -- The DOS command that compares files.  This command works with
both local disks and network disks.

COMSPEC -- See SET COMSPEC.

CONFIG.SYS -- A file that establishes the parameters for DOS.  It also
installs device drivers.

context -- An internal resource provided by expanded memory managers.
Contexts allow expanded memory applications to save and restore the
expanded memory page mappings.

CONTINUE -- An option with the NW command that allows the server to
operate (reversing the effect of PAUSE).  Also, an option with the PQ
command that allows the print spooler to send data to the printer
(reversing the effect of PAUSE).

control -- In Microsoft Windows, a graphical object (such as a
pushbutton or checkbox) that you can use to control the system.

control codes -- Special characters that control the operation of a
printer.  The printer executes control codes, instead of printing them.
For example, a control code may select the typeface to be used.

conventional memory -- The memory used by normal DOS application
programs.  Conventional memory is usually 640K in size, but can be
increased by memory managers which support frontfill.

COPY -- The DOS command that copies files.  This command works with both
local disks and network disks.

CP386.SYS -- The Invisible RAM 386 device driver that installs the 386
control program.

create access -- Permission to create and delete files.

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) -- The
access method employed in Ethernet network hardware.  In this method, a
station can begin transmitting whenever it wants to, providing that no
other station is currently transmitting.  If two stations begin to
transmit at the same time (a "collision"), they both abort their
transmissions, and retry at a later time.



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data buffer size -- An Ultra Server parameter, that specifies the size
of each of the extended memory buffers used to hold file data.

data location -- The type of memory used to hold a program's data.  Most
of the Invisible LAN programs offer a choice of data locations:
conventional memory, shadow RAM, or expanded memory.

data size -- The amount of memory allocated to hold a program's data.

DATE -- The DOS command to display or change the current date.

DEDICATE -- The command that you use to set up a dedicated server.

dedicated server -- A computer that is dedicated exclusively to the task
of running file server software.

default RAM -- With Invisible RAM, a parameter that instructs the memory
manager to make use of a page frame.  The page frame is used either as
shadow RAM, or as paged EMS memory.

DEL -- The DOS command to delete disk files (same as ERASE).  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.

delayed-write -- One of the write policies used by the disk cache.  With
delayed-write, write data is stored in the cache.  The actual disk write
does not begin until several seconds later, and is performed entirely in
background.  Program execution can continue while the disk write takes
place.

DEVICE -- The DOS command that installs a device driver in the
CONFIG.SYS file.

device driver -- A program that is installed in the CONFIG.SYS file.
Most device drivers either control the computer's hardware, or else
perform some basic function (like memory management) that is used by
many other programs.

device name -- The name of a particular input/output device on the
computer.  For example, the parallel ports have device names LPT1, LPT2,
and LPT3;  the serial ports have device names COM1 and COM2.

dialog box -- In Microsoft Windows, a box on the screen that requests
and/or provides information, and contains controls you can use to select
an operation.

DIR -- The DOS command to list the contents of a disk directory.  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.

DIRECT -- An option of the PQ command, that allows the print spooler to
perform direct printing (reversing the effect of NODIRECT).

direct printing -- A print spooler option, that allows the spooler to
send a job to the printer at the same time that the job is being
received from the workstation.

directory -- A collection of disk files that is grouped together under a
particular directory name.  Directories can contain other directories,
so that a "tree" of directories can be formed.

directory entries -- An Ultra Server parameter, that specifies how many
directory entries can be stored in the file cache.

directory path -- A list of all the directories leading to a given
directory, starting at the root directory.

discontinue option -- An option used with the MAP command, to terminate
a drive or printer mapping.

disk buffer -- An area of memory, inside DOS, used a temporary storage
for disk sectors.

disk cache -- See cache.

DISKCOMP -- The DOS command that compares diskettes.  DISKCOMP does not
work on network disks;  you should use COMP instead.

DISKCOPY -- The DOS command that copies diskettes.  DISKCOPY does not
work on network disks;  you should use COPY instead.

diskless workstation -- A computer that does not have a disk drive.  A
diskless workstation needs to load DOS from the network.

DMA (Direct Memory Access) -- A method for transferring data, at high
speed, between the computer's memory and a peripheral device (such as a
disk drive or network adapter).

DOS (Disk Operating System) -- The program that organizes disk files and
controls many of the computer's basic functions.  When you start your
computer, DOS is the first program that is loaded.

DOS channels -- An Ultra Server parameter, that specifies how many DOS
file handles it can use to read and write files.

DOS memory -- See conventional memory.

drive caching options -- Ultra Server parameters, that specify how each
drive in the system is to be cached.  The possibilities are NONE (don't
cache the drive), FIXED DISK (cache the drive as a read/write drive),
and CD ROM (cache the drive as a read-only drive).  When the caching
option is CD ROM, normal rules for file sharing and record locking are
suspended, so that all data on the disk is available to all users at all
times.

drive letter -- The name of a disk drive.  For example, A:, B:, C:, etc.
With a network, a drive letter can refer either to your own disk, or to
a server's disk.

drive mapping -- A connection between a workstation and a server, that
makes one of the workstation's drive letters refer to the server's disk.

drop-down list box -- In Microsoft Windows, a box that lets you select
an item from a list.  Normally, only the selected item is displayed.
But, when you "open" the drop-down list box, it displays a larger box
showing the items you can choose from.

DTR -- An option with the PQ command, that selects DTR flow control for
a serial printer (reversing the effect of XON).

DTR (data terminal ready) -- A method of controlling the flow of data
through a serial port.  With DTR, the hardware provides special signal
lines which indicate whether or not the peripheral device is ready to
accept data.



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ECHO -- The DOS command to display a message on the computer screen.

edit control -- See text box.

EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) -- One of the three (CGA, EGA, VGA)
video graphics standards established by IBM.  EGA supports text mode,
low-resolution graphics, and high-resolution graphics.  EGA is
backward-compatible with CGA;  that is, EGA supports all the video modes
supported by CGA, plus additional modes.

electronic mail -- See mail.

elevator seek -- A method that the disk cache uses to speed up the disk.
When there are several disk operations pending, they are reordered so as
to minimize the movement of the disk head.

EMS (Expanded Memory Specification) -- See expanded memory.

EMS handle -- An internal resource of the expanded memory manager.
Handles are used by expanded memory applications, to keep track of which
part of the expanded memory belongs to each application.

EMS register set -- A complete set of mappings for the expanded memory
system.  If the EMS has more than one register set, it is possible to
rapidly switch all the page mappings simply by switching from one
register set to another.  This is useful a multitasking system, which
must switch all the page mappings every time it switches tasks.

enhanced EMS -- All the page frames that the expanded memory manager can
use for paged EMS memory, except for the four standard page frames.

ERASE -- The DOS command to delete disk files (same as DEL).  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.

ERRORLEVEL -- A DOS command, used in batch files, that obtains the
result of a previously executed program.

Ethernet -- A method of designing network hardware, originally invented
by Xerox.  Ethernet operates at 10 megabits per second, using the
CSMA/CD access method.

EVERYONE -- A group that contains all the users known to a given server.
The group EVERYONE is created automatically by Invisible LAN, and each
user you create is automatically added to the group.

exclude -- With Invisible RAM, a parameter that instructs the memory
manager not to use a page frame.

execute access -- Permission to execute program files.

expanded memory -- Also called EMS memory (for Expanded Memory
Specification) or LIM memory (for Lotus-Intel-Microsoft).  Expanded
memory is a method of adding megabytes of additional memory to a
computer system, while retaining compatibility with DOS.  It works by
establishing a number of page frames, each 16K bytes in size.  The
expanded memory hardware is able to map any 16K page of expanded memory
into any of the page frames.  Software that uses expanded memory
controls the mapping of pages into page frames, so it can access any
part of the expanded memory whenever it needs to.

expanded memory manager -- Software that controls expanded memory
hardware.  Application programs that use expanded memory always control
the expanded memory by calling the expanded memory manager.  In this
way, the design of applications is made independent of the design of the
expanded memory hardware.  Microsoft has standardized the functions of
the expanded memory manager, so that any expanded memory application can
be used with any expanded memory hardware.

extended memory -- Extra memory, beyond the first megabyte, that is
available with 286, 386, 386SX, and 486 microprocessors.  The extended
memory is not directly available to DOS applications.  However, with the
386, 386SX, and 486 microprocessors, you can use a 386 control program
to convert the extended memory into expanded memory and shadow RAM.



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FASTOPEN -- The DOS program that speeds up directory searches, thus
making file opens faster.  If you use FASTOPEN, you must install it
before starting Invisible LAN.  FASTOPEN may be desirable on a server,
however, if the disk cache is installed then FASTOPEN may not be
helpful.  FASTOPEN only affects local disks.

FCB (file control block) -- An obsolete method of opening files.  The
FCB method was introduced in DOS 1.0, and was phased out beginning with
DOS 2.1.  However, there are still programs that use the FCB method.

FCBS -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, that specifies how many
files can be opened using the file control block method.

FDISK -- The DOS command to partition a fixed disk.  FDISK only works
with local disks.

FEED -- An option with the PQ command, that tells the print spooler to
send a form feed command at the end of each print job (reversing the
effect of NOFEED).

file -- A collection of information, organized and stored on disk as a
unit.  Each file has a name that identifies it.

file buffer -- See disk buffer.

file-by-file backup -- A method of backing up a disk, that involves
using DOS to read the files one-by-one.  This method of backup can be
performed across the network.

file cache -- A cache that is maintained by Ultra Server.  The file
cache contains file data, directory entries, file handles, and record
locks.  The file cache allows Ultra Server to perform many file
operations without calling DOS.

file handle -- An internal resource of DOS.  File handles are used to
keep track of open files.  There is one file handle for each open file.

file handles -- An Ultra Server parameter, that specifies the number of
network files to be supported on cached drives.

file lock -- See record lock.

file server -- See server.

file sharing -- A process that allows a file to be shared by more than
one user, in an orderly way.  When a program opens a file, it specifies
whether or not other programs are allowed to read and/or write the file.

files -- A parameter, used with the server and redirector, that
specifies the number of network files to be supported.

FILES -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, that tells DOS how many
open files it should support.  On a server, this should have a large
value.

filespace -- A parameter, specified for the SHARE program, that
specifies how much memory to allocate for the names of open files.  This
parameter indirectly limits the number of files that can be open
concurrently.

flow control -- The method that is used to control the flow of data to a
serial printer.  There are two flow control methods:  DTR and Xon/Xoff.

FOR -- The DOS command, used within a batch file, to execute a command
repeatedly.

form feed -- A command that tells a printer to advance the paper to the
top of the next page.  The Invisible LAN print spooler can optionally
send a form feed command to the printer at the end of each print job, so
that each print job starts at the beginning of a page.

FORMAT -- The DOS command to format a disk;  i.e., prepare the disk for
use.  FORMAT only works on local disks.

frame address -- The address in memory where the standard EMS page
frames are located.

frame size -- With Invisible RAM, a parameter that specifies the number
of standard EMS page frames.

frontfill -- A process for increasing DOS memory beyond 640K.  Frontfill
works by creating memory beginning just above the usual 640K.  With this
method, DOS memory can be increased to 736K on a color system, or 704K
on a monochrome system.



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GEMSSRM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for Generic EMS.

Generic EMS -- Any expanded memory system compatible with EMS version
4.0.  The Generic EMS version of Invisible RAM can add shadow RAM and
frontfill capabilities to any EMS 4.0 system.

gigabyte (G) -- A unit of memory, equal to 1024 megabytes, or 1,048,576
kilobytes, or 1,073,741,824 bytes.

GOTO -- The DOS command, used within a batch file, to transfer control
to a specified line in the batch file.

group -- A collection of users.  Groups are useful for granting security
permissions to many users at once.  If a group has permission to use a
shortname or network resource, then all users in that group are allowed
to use the shortname or network resource.



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hardware DMA channel -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies the direct
memory access channel used by the network hardware.  Most network
hardware does not use a DMA channel.

hardware I/O port -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies the I/O port
used by the network hardware.

hardware IRQ level -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies the interrupt
level used by the network hardware.

hardware memory address -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies the
memory address used by the network hardware.  Most network hardware does
not use a memory address.

HCA (Heartbeat Collision Avoidance) -- The access method used by
Invisible Network hardware.  In this method, the master station
generates a heartbeat signal that synchronizes all the stations in the
network.  Each station has a unique "time slot" when it can begin a
transmission.  A station can begin a transmission whenever its time slot
occurs, provided that no other station is transmitting.  Thus, it never
happens that two stations begin to transmit at the same time (no
"collisions").

hexadecimal -- A numbering system that uses base 16.  The "digits" in
the hexadecimal number system are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, and F.

HIDE -- An option of the NW command, that hides the network software
(reversing the effect of UNHIDE).  This means that application programs
cannot tell that they are running on a network.

HIGH -- An option of the PQ command, that sets the print priority to
HIGH.

high memory area -- The first 64K of extended memory.  The high memory
area can be accessed by DOS applications, using the Microsoft XMS
interface.  (Do not confuse this with high RAM.)

high RAM -- Extra memory located outside of DOS memory.  High RAM (as
opposed to shadow RAM) is not available to hold memory-resident programs
and device drivers.  High RAM can only be used by specially designed
programs.

high-resolution graphics -- The graphics modes of EGA and VGA video
systems, that use video RAM beginning just above the DOS 640K area.  In
order to frontfill DOS memory (increase DOS memory above 640K), it is
necessary to disable the high-resolution graphics.

hot key -- A keystroke that causes a program to "pop up" onto the
computer screen.  The Invisible LAN mail program uses Ctrl-Alt-Backspace
as its hot key.

hyper-extended memory -- Memory that is located above the 16M boundary.
It is available only on 386 and 486 systems (but not on the 386SX).

hypertext -- A way of organizing information.  Hypertext provides
"links" that let you jump automatically from one topic to a related
topic.



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I/O port -- The address that is used to control a peripheral device.
This is not a memory address;  I/O port addresses are completely
separate from memory addresses.

ICW (Invisible Control for Windows) -- A Windows program that allows you
to remotely control other computers on the network.

ICWDM (Invisible Control for Windows DOS Module) -- A DOS TSR (terminate
and stay resident) program that you run on a computer if you want to use
ICW to control the computer.

IEMSEMM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for Invisible EMS.

IF -- The DOS command, used within a batch file, to execute a command if
a specified condition is satisfied.

image backup -- A method of backing up a disk, that involves copying the
disk sector-by-sector.  Image backup cannot be performed across the
network.

image file -- A disk file that contains a complete, sector-by-sector
copy of a boot diskette.  An image file is used with the Remote Program
Load Server.  Diskless workstations can contact the RPL Server, and read
the image file as if it were a diskette.

include -- With Invisible RAM, a parameter that instructs the memory
manager to use a page frame as paged EMS memory.

initialization file -- A file that contains all the parameters for
Invisible LAN.  The default name of the initialization file is
NET30.INI.

INSTALL -- A command supported in DOS 4.0, that lets you install
memory-resident programs in the CONFIG.SYS file.

installation -- The process of setting up software so it is ready for
use.  Invisible LAN includes a setup program, SETUP30, that simplifies
the installation process.

Invisible Control for Windows -- see ICW.

Invisible EMS -- An expanded memory board manufactured by Invisible
Software.  Invisible EMS is a way of adding memory management
capabilities to computers that do not have built-in memory management
hardware.

Invisible LAN icon -- In Microsoft Windows, a small graphic that
provides access to the Windows Network Manager.  You can click on the
icon to perform network operations.

Invisible LAN wallpaper -- In Microsoft Windows, a small graphic that
you can use to cover the background of your computer screen.

Invisible RAM -- The memory management software that is included with
Invisible LAN.  There are seven versions of Invisible RAM, each of which
supports a different type of memory management hardware:  NEAT chipset,
AT/386 chipset, SCAT chipset, PEAK chipset, 386 virtual mode, Invisible
EMS, and Generic EMS.  Invisible RAM provides expanded memory, shadow
RAM, and frontfill functions, as well as many advanced features.

Invisible RAM 386 -- The version of Invisible RAM that supports the 386
virtual mode.  Invisible RAM 386 includes both a 386 control program and
a memory manager.



-J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J--J-



JOIN -- The DOS command that combines two disks together, making them
appear to be one big disk.  JOIN only works with local disks.



-K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K--K-



kilobyte (K) -- A unit of memory, equal to 1024 bytes.



-L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L--L-



LABEL -- The DOS command that reads or changes the volume label on a
disk.  LABEL cannot be used on network disks.

LASTDRIVE -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, that tells DOS how
many drive letters to support.  For a redirector, LASTDRIVE should have
a large value.

LAN (Local Area Network) -- A computer network that extends over a
relatively small distance, usually within a single building.

list access -- Permission to list the contents of disk directories.

list box -- In Microsoft Windows, a box that shows a list of one or more
items, and lets you select one of the items in the list.

local disk -- A disk that is physically connected to your own computer.

local printer -- A printer that is physically connected to your own
computer.

lock -- See record lock.

LOGOFF -- A command that restores your original user name, reversing the
effect of LOGON.

LOGON -- A command that lets you enter your user name and password.
This gives you access to your security permissions.

LOW -- An option of the PQ command, that sets the print priority to LOW.

LSHADOW -- A utility used to load memory-resident programs into shadow
RAM.

LSHADOW.SYS -- A utility used to load device drivers into shadow RAM.



-M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M--M-



mail -- The Invisible LAN program that allows you to exchange short
messages with other users on the network.  The mail program pops up onto
the computer screen when you activate it with a hot key, and when you
receive a message.

MAKEBP -- The command that lets you change the design of the break page.

MAKEIMG -- The command that creates a boot diskette image file, for use
in a Remote Program Load Server.

manager -- The Invisible LAN program (MENU) that lets you manage the
operation of the network.  You can monitor drive mappings, control the
print spoolers, display and change print queues, and define security
permissions.  The manager also lets you poll the network, and manage
other computers by "remote control."

manual print stream truncation -- Pressing the print stream truncation
key (Ctrl-Alt-*) to manually send an end-of-file message to the print
spooler.

MAP -- The command you use to establish drive and printer mappings, and
display your current mappings.

mapping -- See drive mapping, printer mapping.

MD -- The DOS command to create a new disk directory (same as MKDIR).
This command can be used on both local disks and network disks.

MEDIUM -- An option of the PQ command, that sets the print priority to
MEDIUM.

megabyte (M) -- A unit of memory, equal to 1024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576
bytes.

memory relocation -- A feature of the NEAT chipset.  If you have exactly
1024K of RAM on the motherboard, you can relocate the upper 384K into
the extended memory area, so you can have 384K of extended or expanded
memory.

memory-resident program -- A program that remains in your computer's
memory after you run it.

memory manager -- A program that controls your computer's memory
management hardware.  Depending on the capabilities of the hardware, the
manager can create expanded memory, create shadow RAM, and frontfill DOS
memory.  The memory management software supplied with Invisible LAN is
called Invisible RAM.

MENU -- See manager.

miscellaneous security -- In the security system, a set of functions
that control access to various network resources, such as:  use of
network printers, the ability control the print spooler and print queue,
and the ability to control the security system.

MKDIR -- The DOS command to create a new disk directory (same as MD).
This command can be used on both local disks and network disks.

MODE -- A DOS command that controls the operation of serial printers.
Use MODE to set baud rate, parity, and other parameters of a serial
port.  MODE is also used to set the video mode.

motherboard -- The main circuit board in a computer.  The motherboard
usually includes the microprocessor, the expansion slots, the BIOS ROM,
and the main memory.  Special chipsets (like NEAT or AT/386) are usually
located on the motherboard.



-N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N--N-



N30DEV.SYS -- One of the two device drivers that must be installed in
CONFIG.SYS in order to use Invisible LAN.  (The other one is
CACHE30.SYS.)

NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) -- A standard type of
network hardware driver, designed by Microsoft and 3Com.  NDIS drivers
are available for most network boards.  The serialized version of
Invisible LAN can run on any board with an NDIS driver.

NEAT chipset -- A chipset, made by Chips and Technologies, that is used
in many 286 and 386SX computers.  The NEAT chipset supports shadow RAM
and expanded memory.

NEATEMM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for the NEAT chipset.

NET30 -- The command that starts the Invisible LAN operating system.
The NET30 command reads the Invisible LAN initialization file, and
automatically loads all the required programs.

NET30.INI -- The default name of the Invisible LAN initialization file.

NETADDR -- A command that reads the hardware address of the network
card, and returns a DOS ERRORLEVEL.  NETADDR is intended to be used in
batch files.  It can also be used to display the hardware address.

NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) -- A standard network
protocol that is defined by IBM.  Many network application programs rely
on NetBIOS to provide them with network communication services.

NetBIOS ROM -- See TransBIOS/NetBIOS ROM.

NETCLOCK -- The command that reads the data and time from a server, and
sets your computer's clock accordingly.

NETHELP -- A command that displays information on a specified topic.

NETPRINT -- A command that you use to print a file.

network -- A system, made up of both hardware and software, which allows
computers to communicate with one another.

network disk -- A disk that is physically located at a file server.  You
access the disk through the network, using a drive mapping.

network file -- A file that is located on a network disk.

network hardware -- The physical hardware that makes it possible to
connect computers to form a network.

network operating system -- A program that extends the functions of DOS
to operate across a network.

network printer -- A printer that is physically located at a file
server.  You access the printer through the network, using a printer
mapping.

network printer #1 -- On a server, the first printer that is shared with
other network users.

network printer #2 -- On a server, the second printer that is shared
with other network users.

network printer definition -- The process of defining a server's shared
printers.  For each shared printer, you must specify the device name
(LPT1, COM1, etc.) and other parameters.

network protocol -- A set of procedures, usually implemented in
software, that allows for orderly and reliable communication on a
network.

network resources -- Everything that you can access through the network;
i.e., network disks and network printers.

network station -- A computer connected to a network.

NOAUDIO -- An option of the NW command, that prevents the network
software fron using the speaker (reversing the effect of AUDIO).

NODIRECT -- An option of the PQ command, that tells the print spooler
not to perform direct printing (reversing the effect of DIRECT).

NOFEED -- An option with the PQ command, that tells the print spooler
not to send a form feed command at the end of each print job (reversing
the effect of FEED).

NW -- A command that lets you control the operation of the network
software.  You can display software status, hide or unhide the software,
pause or continue the server, and enable or disable the speaker.  The
options available with the NW command are:  AUDIO, CONTINUE, HIDE,
NOAUDIO, PAUSE, STATUS, and UNHIDE.



-O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O--O-



object -- An entity that is under the control of a server's security
system.  There are four types of objects:  users, groups, shortnames,
and miscellaneous functions.

option buttons -- In Microsoft Windows, a set of buttons that let you
select one of a mutually exclusive group of items.  Option buttons
appear as small round circles.  One of the circles contains a black dot,
which indicates the current selection.  You can change the selection by
moving the black dot.



-P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P--P-



packet size -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies the size (in bytes)
of the packets used to send data on the network.

page -- In expanded memory, a 16K-byte block of the expanded memory.
The expanded memory hardware allows any page to be mapped in to any of
several page frames.

page frame -- A 16K-byte region of the computer's memory address space.
The Invisible RAM memory managers allow each page frame to be used in a
variety of ways.  In expanded memory, each available page frame can be
used to view any 16K-byte page within the expanded memory.

paged EMS memory -- A page frame that is being used by an expanded
memory manager.

parameter -- A value that controls the configuration of a software
program.

password -- A secret word that you use to prove your identity to a
server.

PASSWORD -- The command that you use to enter your password.

path -- See directory path.

PATH -- The DOS command that you use to specify a list of directories
where DOS should look to find program files.  The list may include both
local disks and network disks.

PAUSE -- An option with the NW command that stops the server from
operating (reversing the effect of CONTINUE).  Also, an option with the
PQ command that stops the print spooler from sending data to the printer
(reversing the effect of CONTINUE).

PAUSE -- A DOS command, used within a batch file, to stop execution
until the user presses a key.

PEAK chipset -- A chipset, made by Chips and Technologies, that is used
in many 386 and 486 computers.  The PEAK chipset supports shadow RAM.

PEAKSRM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for the PEAK chipset.

permission -- The right to use a resource or perform a function that is
under the control of the security system.

polling -- The process of searching a network to find all the available
network stations.

polls -- A TransBIOS parameter, that specifies how many concurrent
network polling operations should be permitted.

pop-up program -- See memory-resident program.

POPMAST -- A command that you can use (together with POPTOP) to "tame"
pop-up utility programs, and make them compatible with the network.

POPTOP -- A command that you can use (together with POPMAST) to "tame"
pop-up utility programs, and make them compatible with the network.

PQ -- The command that you use to control the operation of the print
queue, from the DOS command line.  The PQ command lets you display print
queue status, control the flow of data to the printer, and clear files
from the queue.  The options available with PQ are:  CANCEL, CLEAR,
CONTINUE, DTR, FEED, NOFEED, PAUSE, RESTART, STATUS, and XON.

print device -- See device name.

PRINT -- A DOS command that prints files.  PRINT is not compatible with
the network;  you should use NETPRINT instead.

print buffer size -- A redirector parameter, that specifies the size of
the buffers used to cache data that is sent to network printers.

print priority -- The amount of time that the server uses to send jobs
to the printer, as opposed to servicing the local user.  The print
priority can be HIGH, MEDIUM, or LOW.  A higher priority gives more time
to printing and less time to the local user.

print queue -- A series of files, stored on the file server, that are
waiting to be printed.  When a user prints a file, it does not go
directly to the printer.  Instead, it is stored temporarily on the
server's disk.  When the complete file has been transferred, it is
placed into the print queue.  This mechanism ensures that printer output
from different users does not get mixed together.

print screen key -- The key on the keyboard that, when pressed, prints a
copy of the computer's screen.  The key is usually labeled Print Screen
or PrtSc.  The screen is printed on printer LPT1;  if LPT1 is a network
printer, the screen is sent across the network and printed at the
server.

print spooler -- The program that controls the print queue.  The print
spooler is responsible for receiving print jobs, storing them on the
server's disk, and then sending them to the printer one-by-one.  In
Invisible LAN, the print spooler is built in to the server.

print stream truncation -- The process of sending an end-of-file message
to the print spooler, so it knows that the print job is complete.

print stream truncation key -- The key on the keyboard (Ctrl-Alt-*) that
you can press to manually truncate the print stream.

printer control code -- A special character, or sequence of characters,
which the printer recognizes as a command rather than as text to be
printed.  For example, sending a printer control code may cause the
printer to select a different typeface.

printer mapping -- A connection between a workstation and a server, that
makes one of the workstation's device names refer to the server's
printer.

printer number -- For a server with two shared printers, the printer
number identifies which printer you want to use:  printer #1 or printer
#2.

printer set-up string -- A series of printer control codes that is sent
to the printer automatically at the beginning of each print job.  The
printer set-up string can initialize the printer for the print job.

PRINTNOW -- A command that immediately truncates the network print
streams.

private file table -- A parameter for the server and Ultra Server
programs, that instructs it to allocate its own table for DOS file
handles.  This allows the server to exceed the limit on files specified
by the FILES= statement in CONFIG.SYS.

PROMPT -- The DOS command to set the DOS prompt.

protected mode -- The mode of operation of the 286, 386, 386SX, and 486
microprocessors, in which the microprocessor has access to the full
range of extended memory.  Protected mode is not compatible with DOS
programs.

protocol -- See network protocol.

PSDEMON (Print Spooler Demon) -- A Windows program that is used to speed
up the operation of the network print spooler when Windows is run on the
server.

PSETUP -- The command that you use to establish printer set-up strings.

pushbutton -- See command button.



-R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R--R-



radio buttons -- See option buttons.

RAM (Random Access Memory) -- Memory in the computer that can be read
and written.

RAM Disk -- A program that uses computer memory to simulate a disk
drive.  The advantage of a RAM Disk is that it is very fast.  The
disadvantage is that the contents of a RAM Disk is lost when the
computer is turned off.

read access -- Permission to read files.

real mode -- A mode of operation of the 286, 386, 386SX, or 486
microprocessor, in which it is compatible with the 8086 and 8088
microprocessors.

record lock -- A mechanism whereby a program can reserve part of a file
for its exclusive use.  Record locks are frequently used by database
programs.  A database program typically locks any record that it is in
the process of modifying, so that no other user can modify the same
record at the same time.

record locks -- A parameter with the server and SHARE programs, that
specifies how many record locks can be in force concurrently.

record locks -- An Ultra Server parameter, that specifies how many
record locks can be in force concurrently on cached drives.

RECOVER -- A DOS command that lets you recover files from a disk that
has a bad sector.  RECOVER cannot be used on a network disk.

redirector -- The software that is used on an Invisible LAN workstation.
The function of the redirector is to intercept all input/output
operations directed at network drives and printers, and send them across
the network to the file server.

RD -- The DOS command to delete a disk directory (same as RMDIR).  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.

REM -- A DOS command used to insert remarks (comments) in a batch file.

REN -- The DOS command that you use to change the name of a file (same
as RENAME).  This command can be used on both local disks and network
disks.

RENAME -- The DOS command that you use to change the name of a file
(same as REN).  This command can be used on both local disks and network
disks.

remark -- See comment.

remote management -- The process of managing other stations on the
network, by "remote control," using the manager program.

Remote Program Load Server -- A computer on the network that provides
DOS for diskless workstations.  When a diskless workstation is started,
it contacts the RPL Server, and loads DOS across the network.

REPLACE -- A DOS command to selectively replace files, or add files.
This command works with both local disks and network disks.

resident program -- See memory-resident program.

responses -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies how many responses it
can issue concurrently to other network stations.

RESTART -- An option with the PQ command, that tells the print spooler
to restart, from the beginning, the print job that is currently being
printed.

RESTORE -- A DOS command that restores files which were previously
backed up.

retry limit -- A TransBIOS parameter that specifies how long it takes
for a network session to "die" when one of the computers is turned off
or rebooted.

RMDIR -- The DOS command to delete a disk directory (same as RD).  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) -- A portion of the computer's memory whose
contents is permanent, and cannot be altered.  Every computer has a ROM
that contains the system BIOS.  In addition, many expansion boards have
ROMs that contain programs required to control the board.

ROM copy -- With Invisible RAM, a parameter that instructs the memory
manager to use a page frame for copying ROM into RAM.  ROM in the page
frame is disabled.  Then the page frame is filled with RAM, and the
original contents of the ROM is copied into RAM.  This speeds up the
execution of ROM code, since RAM is faster than ROM.

root directory -- The first, or topmost, directory on a disk.

RPL (Remote Program Load) -- The process of loading a computer's copy of
DOS from another station on the network, instead of a local disk.



-S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S--S-



SCAT chipset -- A chipset, made by Chips and Technologies, that is used
in many 286 computers.  The SCAT chipset supports shadow RAM and
expanded memory.

SCATEMM.SYS -- The Invisible RAM device driver for the SCAT chipset.

scroll bar -- In Microsoft Windows, a control that you use to shift the
display horizontally or vertically, or select a value within a range.

security -- The system that regulates the access of users to disk
directories and other network resources.

security binding -- See binding.

security object -- See object.

security permission -- See permission.

segment -- A way of indicating addresses in the computer's memory.  Each
segment is 16 bytes.  The computer's one-megabyte address space is
divided into 65,536 segments.  The segments are numbered in hexadecimal
(base 16), ranging from 0000 to FFFF.

server -- The software that makes disk drives, printers, and other
resources available to users on the network.  Also, a computer that is
running the server software.

session -- A logical connection between two programs on the network.  A
session allows two programs to transfer data reliably across the
network.

sessions -- A parameter for the TransBIOS, NetBIOS, server, and
redirector programs.  It specifies the number of concurrent network
connections that the program can support.

SET -- A DOS command used to display or change strings in the DOS
environment.

SET COMSPEC -- A DOS command that specifies the location of the DOS
command processor, COMMAND.COM.

setup program -- The program that creates Invisible LAN initialization
files, and performs other functions necessary to install and configure
the Invisible LAN operating system.

SETUP30 -- See setup program.

SHADOW -- The command that displays a memory map, and other information
about memory in the computer system.

shadow RAM -- Extra memory located outside of DOS memory.  Shadow RAM
can be used to hold memory-resident programs and device drivers, in
addition to holding the Invisible LAN operating system.

SHARE -- The DOS command that installs support for file sharing and
record locking.  SHARE is required if you load the Invisible LAN server.

sharing access -- Causes Invisible LAN to enforce the normal rules for
sharing files.  You can remove sharing access to simulate "Novell
shareable" files.

SHELL -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, that specifies the name of
the DOS command processor (usually COMMAND.COM).

SHIFT -- A DOS command, used within a batch file, which allows batch
files to access more than ten parameters.

shortname -- The network name of a directory on the server's disk.
Assigning a shortname to a directory lets you control access to the
directory via the security system.

speaker -- The part in the computer that makes annoying beeps and other
sounds.

spool directory -- The disk directory on the server where temporary
print spool files are stored.

spool file -- A file, stored temporarily on the server, that contains a
print job which is waiting to be printed.  The spool file is
automatically deleted after the job is printed.

spool files -- A print spooler parameter, which specifies the maximum
number of spool files that can be in the print queue.

spooler -- See print spooler.

stack size -- A parameter for the 386 control program, which specifies
the size (in bytes) of the stacks that are used for processing
interrupts.

stacks -- A parameter for the 386 control program, which specifies the
number of stacks to allocate for interrupt processing.

STACKS -- The DOS command, used in CONFIG.SYS, that allocates stack
resources for processing interrupts.

standard EMS -- The four page frames that are used by most expanded
memory application programs.

standard mode -- A mode of operation of Microsoft Windows.  This mode
can be used on all 286 and higher microprocessors, but it does not
support virtual machines.

station -- See network station.

STATUS -- An option with the NW command that displays the status of the
network software.  Also, an option with the PQ command that displays the
status of the print queue and print spooler.

SUBST -- The DOS command that makes a drive letter refer to one of your
disk directories.  SUBST only works on local disks.  On a server, SUBST
should not be used after the network software is started.

superuser -- A user who can perform any operation on the server,
regardless of security permissions.  By default, a user working locally
at the server is a superuser.  But, you can configure the server so that
a local user is not a superuser.

SYS -- The DOS command that places the DOS system files on a disk.  SYS
only works with local disks.

sysop -- A user who has complete access to everything on the bulletin
board, including private messages.



-T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T--T-



tab -- A character that commands a printer or video display to advance
to the next tab stop.

test level -- A parameter that tells the memory manager how extensively
it should test the memory hardware.

text box -- In Microsoft Windows, a rectangle into which you type
information.  Some text boxes hold only one line of text, while others
hold several lines of text.

TIME -- The DOS command to display or change the current time.

track buffer -- The memory buffer within the disk cache, that is used to
read and write complete tracks of disk data.  This speeds up disk
operations, since it is faster to read and write complete tracks than to
read and write sectors one-by-one.

TransBIOS (Transactional Basic Input/Output System) -- A
high-performance network protocol designed by Invisible Software.
TransBIOS controls the network hardware, and provides basic network
communication services to all the other Invisible LAN programs.

TransBIOS/NetBIOS ROM -- A ROM located on the network board, that
contains the TransBIOS and NetBIOS programs.  Use of the ROM is
optional.  On many computers, performance can be increased by disabling
the ROM and loading the software into RAM instead.

transfer size -- For the disk cache, a parameter that tells the cache
how many disk sectors it can transfer to/from extended memory in a
single operation.

TREE -- The DOS command used to display the directory paths and files
found on a drive.  This command can be used with both local disks and
network disks.

TRUNCATE -- The command that controls automatic print stream truncation.

TYPE -- A DOS command to display a file on the computer's screen.  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.



-U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U--U-



Ultra Server -- The high-performance server software.  Ultra Server is
intended mainly for dedicated server applications, and requires a 386 or
486.  It is a multitasking program that is written in true 32-bit code.
Ultra Server can support over 4,000 megabytes of cache data, 32,000 file
handles, and 65,000 record locks.

UMB -- Upper Memory Block.  Microsoft's name for shadow RAM;  see shadow
RAM.  Also, a command used in the CONFIG.SYS file for DOS 5.0, that
tells DOS to use upper memory.

underlying expanded memory manager -- With Invisible RAM for Generic
EMS, the expanded memory manager that controls the memory hardware.
Invisible RAM for Generic EMS runs "on top of" the underlying expanded
memory manager.

UNHIDE -- An option of the NW command, that makes the network software
visible (reversing the effect of HIDE).  This means that application
programs can tell that they are running on a network.

UNLINK -- A command that is used on a diskless workstation to disconnect
from the Remote Program Load Server.

upper memory -- Microsoft's name for shadow RAM.  See shadow RAM.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) -- A computer power supply that
contains a battery.  When the power fails, the UPS automatically
switches to battery power, so the computer can continue running.  Some
UPS designs also allow software to detect when there is a power failure,
so it can automatically close files and shut down in an orderly manner.

UPS discharge time -- A server parameter that specifies how long (in
minutes) the server should wait before shutting down when there is a
power failure.

UPS I/O port -- A server parameter that specifies the I/O port address
that is used to monitor the UPS.

UPS power fail -- A server parameter that specifies how the UPS signals
a power failure.  The parameter indicates which bit to look at (0
through 7), and which polarity to look for (HI or LO).

UPS recharge time -- A server parameter that specifies how long (in
minutes) the server should wait before restarting when power is restored
after a power failure.

user -- A person who is working on the network.

user name -- The name by which a network user is known.



-V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V--V-



VCPI (Virtual Control Program Interface) -- A programming interface that
allows protected-mode programs to run in conjunction with a 386 control
program.

VDISK.SYS -- A DOS device driver that implements a RAM Disk.

VERIFY -- The DOS command that tells DOS to automatically verify all
data written to disk.  This command only affects local disks.

VGA (Video Graphics Array) -- One of the three (CGA, EGA, VGA) video
graphics standards established by IBM.  VGA supports text mode,
low-resolution graphics, and high-resolution graphics.  VGA is
backward-compatible with CGA and EGA;  that is, VGA supports all the
video modes supported by CGA and EGA, plus additional modes.

VGA2CGA.SYS -- A device driver used with Invisible RAM for Generic EMS.
The function of VGA2CGA is to "trick" the underlying expanded memory
manager into thinking that you have a CGA video adapter, rather than an
EGA or VGA.  This allows the underlying expanded memory manager to
create the EMS page frames required for frontfill.

VGAOFF -- The command to disable the high-resolution graphics of EGA or
VGA video, and enable the frontfill of DOS memory.

VGAON -- The command to enable the high-resolution graphics of EGA or
VGA video, and disable the frontfill of DOS memory.

video buffer -- The memory that is used to hold the current screen
image.

video RAM -- See video buffer.

virtual machine -- In Microsoft Windows, a DOS program running in 386
enhanced mode.  Each virtual machine acts as if it were a separate
computer.  Invisible LAN extends the virtual machine concept to create
virtual network stations, which act as if they are separate network
workstations.

virtual mode -- See 386 virtual mode.

VOL -- The DOS command to display the volume label of a disk.  This
command works with both local disks and network disks.



-W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W--W-



wait option -- An option in the MAP and NETCLOCK commands, that allows
the command to wait for the required server to be started.  Also, a
parameter for the redirector that tells the redirector to wait for the
server be started when establishing the initial drive and printer
mappings.

Windows network driver -- A program that links Microsoft Windows to
Invisible LAN, allowing Windows to function smoothly on the network.

Windows Network Manager -- The Windows program that gives you control of
Invisible LAN.  The Windows Network Manager uses graphics to ease the
task of network management.

write access -- Permission to modify files.

write-back -- One of the write policies used by the disk cache.  With
write-back, write data is stored in the cache.  The actual disk write is
begun as soon as possible, but then completes at a later time in
background.  Program execution can continue while the disk write takes
place.

write pipeline -- A parameter for the server, which allows it to use its
network buffers as a cache for incoming data.

write policy -- The method used by the disk cache to write data to the
disk.  There are three write policies:  write-through, write-back, and
delayed-write.

write-through -- One of the write policies used by the disk cache.  With
write-through, write data is immediately written onto the disk.  Program
execution is halted until the disk write is complete.



-X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X--X-



XCOPY -- The DOS command to copy groups of files, including files in
lower level subdirectories.  This command can be used with both local
disks and network disks.

XON -- An option with the PQ command, that selects Xon/Xoff flow control
for a serial printer (reversing the effect of DTR).

Xon/Xoff (Transmit-On/Transmit-Off) -- A method of controlling the flow
of data through a serial port.  With Xon/Xoff, software commands are
used to start the transmission of data when the peripheral device is
ready to accept it, and then stop the transmission of data when the
peripheral device cannot accept any more.

XMS (eXtended Memory Specification) -- A standard programming interface,
defined by Microsoft, that allows programs to use the high memory area.
