GALAXIES IN THE YOUNG UNIVERSE



PHOTO RELEASE NO.:  STScI-PR94-52B               



[left]



This image of a small region of the constellation Sculptor, taken with a

ground-based photographic sky survey camera, illustrates the extremely

small angular size of a distant galaxy cluster in the night sky.  Though

this picture encompasses a piece of the sky about the width of the bowl of

the Big Dipper, the cluster is so far away it fills a sky area only 1/10th

the diameter of the Full Moon.  The cluster members are not visible

because they are so much fainter than foreground stars. 



[center]



A NASA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of the farthest cluster of

galaxies in the universe, located at a distance of 12 billion light-years. 

Because the light from these remote galaxies has taken 12 billion years to

reach us, this image is a remarkable glimpse of the primeval universe, at

it looked about two billion years after the Big Bang. The cluster contains

14 galaxies, the other objects are largely foreground galaxies.  The

galaxy cluster lies in front of quasar Q0000-263 in the constellation

Sculptor. Presumably the brilliant core of an active galaxy, the quasar

provides a beacon for searching for primordial galaxy clusters. 



The image is the full field view of the Wide Field and Planetary Camera-2,

taken on September 6, 1994. The 4.7-hour exposure reveals objects down to

28.5 magnitude. 



[right]



This enlargement shows one of the farthest normal galaxies yet detected,

(blob at center right) at a distance of 12 billion light-years (redshift

of z=3.330). The galaxy lies 300 million light-years in front of the

quasar Q0000-263 (z=4.11, large white blob and spike on left side of

frame) and was detected because it absorbs some light from the quasar. 

The galaxy's spectrum reveals that vigorous star formation is taking

place. 



Credit: Duccio Macchetto (ESA/STScI), Mauro Giavalisco (STScI), and NASA



