                                       4 July 1993


RED SKY AT MORNING - Naval Strategy in the Modern Era

Copyright (c) 1993, Simulations Canada, P.O. Box 452, Bridgewater,
Nova Scotia, Canada, B4V 2X6

MADE IN CANADA

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:  RED SKY AT MORNING is a memory- and computation-
intensive simulation of modern naval combat at the global strategic level.
The preferred system configuration is a 386DX-25 or faster processor with a
minimum of 640K RAM.  The program should run on an earlier system, but will
execute substantially slower.  The program also makes extensive use of
overlays - if additional memory is available, it is recommended that it be
set up as a Smartdrive or EMS memory to avoid delays due to disk access.
Finally, VGA or better graphics, and a hard disk using MS-DOS Version 3.0 or
later (or an equivalent operating system such as PC-DOS or DR-DOS), are
required.  It is recommended that the program be run from the DOS prompt
(not WINDOWS or other shell programs) and without disk-doubling.


INSTALLING THE PROGRAM:  RED SKY AT MORNING is provided in a self-extracting,
compressed-file format.  Create a directory (such as 'REDSKY') on your hard
disk where you wish to install the program.  Consult your operating system
manual for how to create a directory.  Copy the files from the program
diskette to the new directory on the hard drive.  A small batch file in the
hard drive directory called INSTALL.BAT can be run from the DOS prompt by
typing in 'INSTALL', followed by pressing enter. The program files will then
be decompressed within the new directory.  Prior to first installing the
program, please read this file in entirity for the latest instructions and
errata on the RED SKY simulation.  The RED SKY program files will occupy
about 3 MegaBytes of storage.

INSTALLATION EXAMPLE:

  (create a directory 'REDSKY' on the current hard drive)
  MD REDSKY <Enter>
  CD REDSKY <Enter>

  (copy the game files from floppy drive A to the new directory REDSKY)
  COPY A:*.* <Enter>

  (run the install program)
  INSTALL <Enter>
STARTING THE SIMULATION:  Before first starting the simulation you should
format a blank floppy disk for saving games if you do not wish to save to
your hard disk.  Consult your operating system manualfor how to format a
blank disk.  You may start the simulation by changing to the appropriate
hard drive directory and typing 'REDSKY'.  Do not type in the ' marks.
Note that each saved game will occupy about 100 Kbytes of storage.

STARTUP EXAMPLE:

  (start the game from the current directory that contains the game files)

  REDSKY <Enter>











IN CASE OF PROBLEMS:  RED SKY AT MORNING is a detailed simulation of modern
naval combat at the global scale.  Although it has been extensively tested
during development, it is always possible in a program of this size and
complexity for some bugs to remain.  If the program should crash during play,
try the following:

  Restart the program and select to restore a saved game.

  Load the save-game file "LASTTURN".

The program should then resume with the last turn's data.  If you continue to
have difficulties, please send us a letter describing:

  The version number of RED SKY AT MORNING.

  The nature of the problem, any error messages displayed, and what was
  happening in the game when the problem occurred.

  Details on your computer system's configuration (processor type, memory
  size, DOS version, any co-resident programs installed, etc.).

  Include with your letter a disk with the following files:
    LASTTURN.PT1, and LASTTURN.PT2.

CHANGES AND ERRATA:  The game program implements the following changes from
what is described in the rules:

  1.  Nuclear Weapons.  Each nuclear weapon strike penalizes the player 250
      vice 500 victory points.

  2.  View Situation Maps.  The View Situation Maps selection is under the
      REPORTS section of the menu vice the STAFF ANALYSIS section.

  3.  Theater Objectives.  The Theater Objectives selection is under the
      STAFF ANALYSIS section of the menu vice the REPORTS section.

  4.  Pause Key.  During the combat and search reports, the screen display
      can be interrupted by pressing the <PAUSE> key.  Pressing the <ENTER>
      key will continue the game.

  5.  Capital Ships.  In some scenarios, ships other than aircraft carriers
      and battleships are defined as capital ships.  In particular, these
      include the Sverdlov-class cruisers, General Belgrano, etc. in the
      1973/1982 scenarios.


CHANGES AND ERRATA (continued)

  6.  Saved-game files.  When restoring a saved-game, the program will list
      a number of files starting with 'RSM' (example, RSM1973).  These files
      are used for loading the pre-defined scenarios and should not be loaded
      in the Restore Saved Game selection.  Doing so may result in unexpected
      results and/or a program crash.
















SELECTED SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY:

The following public sources were used in developing the RED SKY AT MORNING
simulation:

  1.  Jane's All The World's Aircraft (various editions), Jane's Yearbooks,
      Franklin Watts Inc, New York

  2.  Jane's Fighting Ships (various editions), Jane's Yearbooks, Franklin
      Watts Inc, New York

  3.  Combat Fleets of the World (various editions), Naval Institute Press

  4.  World Naval Weapons Systems (various editions), Naval Institute Press

  5.  Ships, Aircraft and Weapons of the United States Navy (various
      editions),  U.S. Naval Publications and Forms Center, Philadelphia, PA

  6.  Maritime Strategy and the Nuclear Age, Geoffery Till, Macmillan Press,
      1984

  7.  The US Maritime Strategy, Norman Friedmann, Jane's Publishing Company
      Ltd.,1988

  8.  The US Navy - The View from the Mid-1980's, edited by James L. George,
      Westview Press, 1985

  9.  From the Sea: Preparing the Naval Service for the 21st Century, US Navy
      White Paper, September 1992

  10. U.S. - Soviet Military Balance 1980 - 1985.  John M. Collings,
      Permagon-Brassey's, 1985

  11. U.S. - Soviet Military Balance, Concepts and Capabilities, 1960 - 1980,
      John M. Collins, McGraw-Hill Publications Co., 1980

  12. Understanding Soviet Naval Developments (various editions), Office of
      the Chief of Naval Operations, Department of the Navy, Washington, D.C.

  13. Soviet Military Power (various editions), US Government Printing
      Office, Washington D.C.

  14. Military Forces in Transition, 1991, US Government Printing Office,
      Washington D.C.


  15. Guide to the Soviet Navy (various editions), Naval Institute Press

  16. The Sea Power of the State, S.G. Gorshkov, Pergamon Press, 1979

  17. Red Navy at Sea - Soviet Naval Operations on the High Seas, 1956-1980,
      Bruce W. Watson, Westview Press/Arms and Armour Press, 1982

  18. Soviet Naval Forces and Nuclear Warfare, James J. Tritten, Westview
      Press, 1986

  19. The Sea in Soviet Strategy, Bryan Ranft and Geoffery Till, Naval
      Institute Press, 1989

  20. Soviet Naval Diplomacy, edited by Bradford Dismukes and James McConnell,
      Pergamon Press, 1979

  21. The Soviet Navy - Strengths and Liabilities, edited by Bruce W. Watson
      and Susan M. Watson, Westview Press/Arms and Armour Press, 1986

  22. Russian Sea Power, David Fairhall, Gambit Incorporated, 1971

  23. Military Objectives in Soviet Foreign Policy, Machael MccGwire,
      The Brookings Institution, 1987

  24. The Future of Sea Power, Eric Grove, Naval Institute Press, 1990


  25. Seapower and Strategy, edited by Colin S. Gray and Roger W. Barnett,
      Naval Institute Press, 1989

  26. The Leverage of Sea Power, Colin S. Gray, The Free Press, 1992

  27. Sea Power - A Naval History, edited by E.B. Potter, Naval Institute
      Press, 1981

  28. The Political Uses of Sea Power, Edward N. Luttwak, The Johns Hopkins
      University Press, 1974

  29. Securing the Seas - The Soviet Naval Challenge and Western Alliance
      Options, Paul H. Nitze, Westview Press, 1979

  30. Measuring Military Power - The Soviet Air Threat to Europe, Joshua M.
      Epstein, Princeton University Press, 1984

  31. Conventional Force Reductions - A Dynamic Assessment, Joshua M. Epstein,
      The Brookings Institution, 1990

  32. Strategy and Force Planning - The Case of the Persian Gulf, Joshua M.
      Epsteim, The Brookings Institution, 1987

  33. U-Boats in the Bay of Biscay - An Essay in Operations Analysis, Brian
      McCue, National Defense University Press, Washington D.C., 1990

  34. OR in World War 2 - Operational Research against the U boat, C.H.
      Waddington, Ulwin Brothers Ltd., 1973

  35. Naval Operations Analysis, Naval Institute Press, 1977

  36. Search and Screening, Bernard Osgood Koopman, OEG Report No. 56,
      Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Washington D.C.

  37. Methods of Operations Research, George E. Kimball and Philip M. Morse,
      Peninsula Publishing, 1970

  38. Principles of Air Defense and Air Vehicle Penetration, Frank Heilenday,
      CEEPress Books, George Washington University, 1988

  39. Principles of Naval Weapons Systems, edited by David R. Frieden,
      Naval Institute Press, 1985

  40. Anti-Submarine Warfare, J.R. Hill, Naval Institute Press, 1985


  41. Strategic Antisubmarine Warfare and Naval Strategy, Tom Stefanick,
      Lexington Books, 1987

  42. Anti-Submarine Warfare and Superpower Strategic Stability, Donald C.
      Daniel, University of Illinois Press, 1986


  43. Fleet Tactics - Theory and Practice, Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., Naval
      Institute Press, 1986

  44. Lessons for the North Atlantic, J.M. Arrison III, Naval War College,
      Newport R.I.

  45. ASW Strategy: Issues for the 1980s, David T. Easter, Naval Institute
      Proceedings, March 1980

  46. The Wartime Role of Soviet SSBNs, Richard T. Ackley, Naval Institute
      Proceedings, March 1980

  47. Warfighting Capability Requirement for Protection of Shipping Scenario,
      J. Benedict, MORS, 1986


  48. Soviet Options on NATO's Northern Flank, Richard C. Bowman, Armed
      Forces Journel International, April 1984

  49. Naval Battles We Could Lose, Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr., International
      Security Review, Summer 1981

  50. The Western Naval Threat to Soviet Military Dominance: A Soviet
      Assessment, Anthony H. Cordesman, Armed Forces Journel International,
      April 1983

  51. Soviet Vanguard Forces - Naval Infantry, James Hansen, National Defense,
      May-June 1986

  52. The Limits of Intervention: Soviet Naval Power Projection Capabilities
      and the Decision to Intervene, Guy D. Holliday, Naval Postgraduate
      School, Monterey, CA, March 1984

  53. Problems of Sea Control in Theater Nuclear War, Gordon H. McCormick,
      System Planning Corporation, 1980

  54. Maritime Theater Nuclear Warfare, Raymond E. Thomas, in Essays on
      Strategy, National Defense University, 1985

  55. Tactical Nuclear Weapons: The Forgotten Facet of Naval Warfare, Linton
      F. Brooks, Naval Institute Proceedings, January 1980

  56. Northern Flank Maritime Offensive, Hugh K. O'Donnell, Naval Insititute
      Proceedings, September 1985






ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

   Thanks to Jim Baker, Greg Lyle, and Larry Bond for playtesting, advice,
and other help during RED SKY AT MORNING's development.  Special thanks are
due to Felix Hack for service beyond the call of duty in researching the
orders of battle for the 1973-1991 scenarios, not to mention his extensive
playtest support.











  We hope that you enjoy RED SKY AT MORNING

                                       W.J. Nichols and S.Newberg









