$Unique_ID{BRK02143}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS (ORAL)}
$Subject{Gamazole (Major)
Gantanol (Roche)
Gantanol DS (Roche)
Gantrisin (Roche)
Gulfasin (Major)
Lipo Gantrisin (Roche)
Microsulfon (CMC)
multiple sulfonamides (various manufacturers)
Neotrizine (Lilly)
Proklar (O'Neal)
Renoquid (Glenwood)
sulfacytine (various manufacturers)
sulfadiazine (various manufacturers)
sulfamethizole (various manufacturers)
sulfamethoxazole (various manufacturers)
sulfisoxazole (various manufacturers)
Terfonyl (Squibb)
Thiosulfil (Ayerst)
Thiosulfil Forte (Ayerst)
Triple Sulfa (systemic) (various manufacturers)
Urobak (Shionogi USA)}
$Volume{}
$Log{
Gantanol*0214301.scf
Gantrisin*0214302.scf}

Copyright (C) 1991 Publications International, Ltd.


SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS (ORAL)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers):
     Gamazole (Major)
     Gantanol (Roche)
     Gantanol DS (Roche)
     Gantrisin (Roche)
     Gulfasin (Major)
     Lipo Gantrisin (Roche)
     Microsulfon (CMC)
     multiple sulfonamides (various manufacturers)
     Neotrizine (Lilly)
     Proklar (O'Neal)
     Renoquid (Glenwood)
     sulfacytine (various manufacturers)
     sulfadiazine (various manufacturers)
     sulfamethizole (various manufacturers)
     sulfamethoxazole (various manufacturers)
     sulfisoxazole (various manufacturers)
     Terfonyl (Squibb)
     Thiosulfil (Ayerst)
     Thiosulfil Forte (Ayerst)
     Triple Sulfa (systemic) (various manufacturers)
     Urobak (Shionogi USA)
TYPE OF DRUG:
     Anti-infective
INGREDIENTS AND DOSAGE FORMS:
     sulfacytine (Renoquid)
       Tablets (250 mg)
     sulfadiazine (Microsulfon)
       Tablets (500 mg)
     sulfamethiazole (Proklar, Thiosulfil, Thiosulfil Forte)
       Tablets (250 mg and 500 mg)
     sulfamethoxazole (Gamazole, Gantanol, Gantanol DS, Urobak)
       Tablets (500 mg and 1 g)
       Suspension (500 mg per 5-ml spoonful)
     sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin, Gulfasin, Lipo-Gantrisin)
       Tablets (500 mg)
       Syrup (500 mg per 5-ml spoonful)
       Pediatric suspension (500 mg per 5-ml spoonful)
       Emulsion, long-acting (1 g per 5-ml spoonful)
     multiple sulfonamides (Neotrizine, Sul-Trio MM #2, Terfonyl, Triple
      Sulfa)
       Tablets (167 mg sulfadiazine, 167 mg sulfamerazine, and 167 mg
         sulfamethazine)
       Suspension (167 mg sulfadiazine, 167 mg sulfamerazine, and 167 mg
         sulfamethazine per 5-ml spoonful, with 2% alcohol)
STORAGE:
     Store at room temperature in the original container.

USES

     Sulfonamide antibiotics are a family of related drugs that have activity
against many types of bacteria.  This group of medications is often used to
treat urinary tract infections, as well as other infections.  These
medications kill the bacteria responsible for the infection.

TREATMENT

     Sulfonamide antibiotics should be taken with a full glass of water on an
empty stomach (either one hour before or two hours after a meal).  Several
additional glasses of water should also be taken every day (unless your doctor
directs you to do otherwise).  Drinking extra water helps to prevent kidney
damage.
     Sulfonamide antibiotics work best when the level of the medicine in your
bloodstream is kept constant.  It is best, therefore, to take the doses at
evenly spaced intervals day and night.  For example, if you are to take four
doses a day, the doses should be spaced about six hours apart.
     If the liquid suspension or emulsion form of the sulfonamides has been
prescribed for you, be sure to shake the bottle well.  The contents tend to
settle on the bottom of the bottle, so it is necessary to shake the container
to distribute the ingredients evenly and equalize the doses.  Be sure to use
specially marked droppers or spoons to accurately measure the correct amount
of liquid.  Household teaspoons vary in size and may not give you the correct
dosage.
     If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as possible, unless it
is almost time for your next dose.  In that case, if you are taking two doses
a day, space the missed dose and the following dose five to six hours apart;
if you are taking three or more doses a day, space the missed dose and the
following dose two to four hours apart, or double the next dose.  Then return
to your regular dosing schedule.  It is very important to continue to take
these medications for the entire time prescribed by your doctor (usually ten
days), even if the symptoms disappear before the end of that period.  If you
stop taking the drug too soon, resistant bacteria are given a chance to
continue growing, and your infection could recur.

SIDE EFFECTS

     Minor.

     Diarrhea, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting.  As
your body adjusts to the medication, these side effects should disappear.
     These medications can also cause a brown discoloration of the urine,
which is harmless.
     These drugs can increase your sensitivity to sunlight.  You should,
therefore, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and sunlamps.  Wear protective
clothing and sunglasses; and use an effective sunscreen, but not one that
contains para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).  PABA interferes with the
antibacterial activity of this medication.

     Major.

     Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
particularly bothersome.  IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
aching of joints and muscles; blood in the urine; difficulty in swallowing;
itching; lower back pain; pain while urinating; pale skin; redness,
blistering, or peeling of the skin; skin rash; sore throat and fever; swelling
of the front part of the neck; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual
tiredness; or yellowing of the eyes or skin.  Also, if your symptoms of
infection seem to be getting worse rather than improving, you should contact
your doctor.

INTERACTIONS

     Sulfonamides interact with several types of drugs:
     1. Aminobenzoic acid can decrease the effectiveness of the sulfonamides.
     2. The activity and side effects of anticoagulants (blood thinners, such
as warfarin), oral antidiabetic medications, methotrexate, aspirin, phenytoin,
and thiopental may be increased when sulfonamides are also taken.
     3. Oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone, methenamine, probenecid, and
sulfinpyrazone can increase the toxicity of the sulfonamides.
     BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently
taking, especially any of those listed above.

WARNINGS

     * Before starting to take this medication, tell your doctor about any
unusual or allergic reactions you have had to any medications, especially to
sulfonamide antibiotics or other sulfa drugs, including diuretics (water
pills), dapsone, sulfoxone, oral antidiabetics, and oral antiglaucoma
medication.
     * Tell your doctor if you now have or if you have ever had
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, liver disease, porphyria,
or kidney disease.
     * Before having surgery or any other medical or dental treatment, be sure
to tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking a sulfonamide antibiotic.
     * This medication has been prescribed for your current infection only.
Another infection later on, or one that someone else has, may require a
different medicine.  You should not give your medicine to other people or use
it for other infections, unless your doctor specifically directs you to do so.
     * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant.  These medications, if
given to a woman late in pregnancy, can be toxic to the infant.  Also, tell
your doctor if you are breast-feeding an infant.  Sulfonamides can pass into
breast milk and may cause side effects in a small number of nursing
infants--those who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
In addition, you should not give sulfonamides to an infant less than one month
of age, unless your doctor specifically directs you to do so.

----------------

The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace 
the counsel and advice of your personal physician.  Promptly consulting your 
doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical 
problem.
