 
  The *capital* of Italy is *#*.                                                                                                                                  Rome                                                   Milan                                                  Naples                                                 Genoa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 *Because there are several political parties and #, Italy has changed governments many times since 1945*.                                                       continuing economic problems                           a national malaise                                     many corrupt officials                                 foreign interference                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                	  Like other European countries, *Italy wanted colonies in #. By 1900 little of Africa was unclaimed, but by 1912 Italy had control of [*.                        Africa                                                 the Pacific                                            India                                                  South America                                          Libya                                                  Morocco                                                Egypt                                                  Ethiopia                                                  The *# in Bologna*, founded in 1076, *is the oldest in Europe*.                                                                                                 university                                             shipping industry                                      olive oil company                                      pizza shop                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  In the past, *# caused problems improving farmland and finding enough water*.                                                                                   logging and poor soil conservation practices           a devastating drought                                  government corruption                                  forest fires                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        	  *After WWII*, under the supervision of the victorious allies, *Italy formed a # government with an elected president*.                                          democratic                                             communist                                              fascist                                                socialist                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             *Almost all of Italy's # has to be imported, making Italy dependent on foreign suppliers*.                                                                      petroleum                                              food                                                   textiles                                               pasta                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 *Since 1945 the three largest political parties in Italy have been the #, the [, and the Communists*.                                                           Socialists                                             Separatists                                            Liberals                                               Whigs                                                  Christian Democrats                                    Tories                                                 Monarchists                                            Fascists                                                
  *Italy* is located *on* the well known *boot-shaped peninsula, which extends from # south into the Mediterranean Sea*.                                          southern Europe                                        Spain                                                  eastern Europe                                         north Africa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        	  *By taking advantage of the chaos following WWI and* upper class *fears of #, Mussolini's fascists gained control of Italy in 1922*.                            communism                                              land reform                                            food shortages                                         rioting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               *Italy's industries developed more slowly than those of other European countries*, in part because *Italy has #*.                                               few suitable raw materials                             an agricultural economy                                no interest in industry                                a poor educational system                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  *Rainfall is abundant in the agricultural north of Italy, but in the dry south, the rains are unpredictable, and # are common*.                                 summer droughts                                        snowstorms                                             flash floods                                           high humidity levels                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                	  *To expand Italy's role as a world power, Mussolini ordered the invasion and conquest of the African nation of # in 1935*.                                      Ethiopia                                               Libya                                                  Egypt                                                  Morocco                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               *One reason northern Italy is richer is it #*; there is less advantage in the south's nearness to N. Africa.                                                    is closer to the markets of northern Europe            levies high taxes on the south                         has vast mineral resources                             receives aid from France and Switzerland                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  *Traditionally, the # was a powerful political force in Italy, but under a 1976 agreement, it is no longer the state religion*.                                 Catholic church                                        Protestant church                                      Democratic Humanists                                   Reform Buddhists                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	  Although *neutral at the beginning of WWI, Italy later fought against #*, hoping to gain land from Austria and more colonies.                                   Austria and Germany                                    France and England                                     Russia and Turkey                                      U.S. and Spain                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        *Varese is the center of Italy's #*.                                                                                                                            shoe industry                                          wine region                                            population                                             government                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  The *# run* virtually the entire *length of the Italian peninsula*, extending south into the island of Sicily.                                                  Apennine mountains                                     Sierra Nevada mountains                                Alps                                                   Pyrenees                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            	  At the *end of WWI, Italians, who #, and believed their allies ignored Italy's interests, felt the war's sacrifices had been in vain*.                          gained little                                          conquered Austria                                      lost much territory                                    gained several strategic ports                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The ancient city of *Como*, which is on the southern tip of Lake Como, has been the *home of Italian #* for centuries.                                          silk manufacturing                                     actors                                                 criminals                                              wine producers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  The rugged, *# of Italy limits* the amount of *land for farming*, and increases the regionalism that tends to divide Italy.                                     mountainous landscape                                  coastline                                              mountain crags                                         rock hard soil                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      	  By the *end of WWII in 1945, much of Italy lay in ruins;* her *economy* was largely *destroyed and the new government was #*.                                   weak and ineffective                                   strong and healthy                                     quick to repair the damage                             riddled with corruption                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Traditionally, the *northern part of Italy has been #* than the south.                                                                                          richer and more industrialized                         colder                                                 poorer and more agricultural                           more dependent on fishing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             *The [ in southern Italy, and radical political organizations like the #, have *added to Italy's recent political instability*.                                 Red Brigades                                           Symbionese Liberation Army                             Bolsheviks                                             Cosi Fan Tutti                                         Mafia                                                  Environmentalists                                      Free Pompeii Party                                     Spumonii                                                
  To the *east of Italy lies the # and the former nation of Yugoslavia*, which is now divided into several smaller states.                                        Adriatic Sea                                           Mediterranean Sea                                      Atlantic Ocean                                         Gulf of Spain                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       	  *Despite conflicting border claims in the north with Austria, Italy joined the pre-WWI # with Germany and [*.                                                   Triple Alliance                                        NATO                                                   European Economic Community                            League of Nations                                      Austria                                                Turkey                                                 Russia                                                 Portugal                                                  While *much of southern Italy remains #*, the *soil is poor*, limiting the quality and variety of what can be produced.                                         agricultural                                           industrial                                             hot and dry                                            wealthy                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  *The Alps mark the # border of Italy with the nations of [*.                                                                                                    northern                                               eastern                                                western                                                southern                                               Austria, Switzerland, and France                       Germany and Belgium                                    Spain and Greece                                       Tunisia and Libya                                       	  *Due to the efforts of # and [*, the *Italian peninsula* finally *became a unified nation in the 1870s*.                                                        Giuseppe Garibaldi                                     Enrico Caruso                                          Il Duce                                                Machiavelli                                            Count Camillo Cavour                                   Giuseppe Verde                                         Antonio deBarbari                                      Enrico Fermi                                              *#* have played an *important role in Italy's recent economic growth*; several *important industries [*.                                                        Government support and planning                        Favorable trade agreements                             Improved farming techniques                            Strict production quotas                               are state owned                                        pay no taxes                                           receive foreign subsidies                              get free office space from the government               
  Probably the *most famous Italian river is the # in central Italy, which flows through the Italian capital, [*.                                                 Tiber                                                  Po                                                     Riene                                                  Danube                                                 Rome                                                   Naples                                                 Venice                                                 Bologna                                                   *Italy had # with an elected parliament in 1900*, but conflicting parties and interest groups made the government unstable.                                     a constitutional monarch                               a president                                            two co-chairmen                                        a military dictatorship                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             	  *Fighting in WWII as an ally of #*, the Italian dictator, *Mussolini, was forced from power by [*.                                                              Hitler                                                 Churchill                                              Roosevelt                                              Stalin                                                 the allies and Italians who opposed fascism            the Italian secret police                              the German military                                    Soviet KGB agents                                         *Foreign trade is an important source of income to Italy*; its *main trading partners* are members of the *# and [*.                                            European Community                                     Eastern Block                                          Organization of American States                        Lion's Club                                            the U.S.                                               South Africa                                           the Middle East                                        Brazil                                                  
  The *#* in northern Italy provides some of the country's best agricultural land and *produces [*.                                                               Po River Basin                                         Tiber delta                                            Alps                                                   Sahara desert                                          grain crops, dairy products and some rice              fruit and coconuts                                     beef and poultry                                       tobacco, cotton, and potatoes                           	  *Mussolini, known as #, made himself the dictator of Italy, organized a secret police, and disbanded all political parties but the [*.                          Il Duce                                                Capo di Capi                                           El Jefe                                                Il Patron                                              Fascist party                                          Communist party                                        Nazis                                                  Youth Reform Movement                                     *Italy's population tends to grow #, which creates problems with [*.                                                                                            faster than its economy can grow                       slowly and steadily                                    only in the urban areas                                during even numbered years                             labor surplus and unemployment                         food shortages                                         lack of daycare facilities                             widespread emigration                                   
  The *#*, north of Italy, *are tall and rugged with few passes*. This *gives Italy [*.                                                                           Alps                                                   Pyrenees                                               Apenine mountains                                      Himalayan mountains                                    some protection from invasion                          no way to trade with Europe                            ample hydroelectric power                              awesome skateboarding                                   	  *When WWI broke out in 1914* over the shooting of an Austrian prince, *Italy did not join her allies' fight against #, England and [*.                          France                                                 Switzerland                                            Germany                                                Spain                                                  Russia                                                 Ireland                                                Greece                                                 Libya                                                     *Italy* is a *member of* today's *#* and was *one of the founding nations of* the earlier *[*.                                                                  European Community                                     U.N. Security Council                                  Club Med                                               Triple Alliance                                        European Common Market                                 Red Brigade                                            Mediterranean Nations Group                            Union of European States                                
  The nation of *Italy includes two large islands--#* just to the south and *[* to the west.                                                                      Sicily                                                 Mallorca                                               Elba                                                   Galapagos                                              Sardinia                                               Corsica                                                Crete                                                  Rhodes                                                  	  In *1919 # founded the Italian [*, a radical party that used violence and intimidation to seize control of the country.                                         Benito Mussolini                                       Erico Fermi                                            Leonardo da Vinci                                      Guiseppi Provolone                                     Fascist party                                          Social Democrats                                       Nazis                                                  Communist party                                           *Since WWII, large deposits of # have been discovered in northern Italy*; this new energy source *[*.                                                           natural gas                                            oil                                                    uranium                                                coal                                                   aided the development of industry                      caused a cultural revolution                           was ignored for many years                             had little real effect on the country                   
  There are *several active volcanoes in Italy;* the two best known are *# and [*.                                                                                Mount Etna                                             Mount St. Helens                                       Krakatoa                                               Mont Blanc                                             Mount Vesuvius                                         Monte Rosa                                             Corno                                                  Mount Everest                                           	  In *WWI, early victories against the # gave way to* a *long and costly struggle until the Italians won control of [ late in 1918*.                              Austrians                                              Germany                                                England                                                France                                                 Trieste                                                Venice                                                 Milan                                                  Innsbruck                                                 Today *important Italian industries* include *#, motor vehicle production, and textiles*; Italy is a *leader in [*.                                             rubber factories                                       high-tech industries                                   food processing                                        fishing                                                fashion design                                         undersea exploration                                   tourism                                                international banking                                   
  There are about *# million people living in Italy*.                                                                                                             57                                                     37                                                     47                                                     67                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
  *# is 116,310 square miles in area*.                                                                                                                            Italy                                                  Rome                                                   The Adriatic                                           Sardinia                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  The *major # are Milan, Naples, Rome, Turin, Genoa, Palermo, Bologna, Florence and Venice*.                                                                     cities                                                 rivers                                                 lakes                                                  mountains                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The *language* spoken in Italy is *#*.                                                                                                                          Italian                                                Spanish                                                Roman                                                  German                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                *99%* of the population is *#*.                                                                                                                                 Roman Catholic                                         Greek Orthodox                                         employed by the church                                 over 45                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                It's *six hours later in Italy than the time in #*.                                                                                                             Virginia                                               New Mexico                                             Arizona                                                Wyoming                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  The Italian *currency* is the *#*.                                                                                                                              lira                                                   mark                                                   drachma                                                peso                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The *# in Rome is a third of a mile in circumference, had 76 numbered entrances, and held [*.                                                                   Colosseum                                              Amphitheater                                           Colossus                                               airport                                                55,000 spectators                                      yearly parades                                         55,000 lions                                           10,000 prisoners                                       
  The *# fits into* a land area of *less than [ within the city of Rome*.                                                                                         Vatican City State                                     Roman Post Office                                      Trevi Fountain                                         Grand Canal                                            one square mile                                        one city block                                         one hundred square miles                               one square acre                                          The *# in Rome was used as a fort in the Middle Ages, a quarry during the Renaissance, and a manure depot* in the 18th century.                                 Colosseum                                              Catacomb                                               Vatican City                                           Leaning Tower of Pisa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	  According to legend, *#* was *imprisoned by Nero in the Mamertine Prison in Rome; he is supposed to have used a miraculous spring to [ his fellow inmates*.     St. Peter                                              St. John the Baptist                                   St. George                                             San Francisco                                          baptize                                                annoy                                                  bathe                                                  share with                                               The *#*, now a mass of ruins, *was the commercial, civil, and religious center of ancient Rome*.                                                                Roman Forum                                            Colosseum                                              Acropolis                                              Convention Hall                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The *#* in Rome *is headquarters of [*.                                                                                                                         Vatican                                                Pantheon                                               Vulcan                                                 La Scala                                               the Roman Catholic Church                              the national post office                               the Italian government                                 the Mormon Tabernacle Choir                              The *# in Rome*, the best preserved of Roman buildings, was *founded* in 27 BC *by Agrippa*.                                                                    Pantheon                                               Parthenon                                              Roman Hilton                                           catacombs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  The *#* in Rome *has its own post office and postage stamps, printing press, newspaper, currency, railway, and radio station*.                                  Vatican                                                president's palace                                     football team                                          Opera House                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          *Portions of* the famous 2,300-year-old *#* are *still paved with the stones laid by the early Romans*.                                                         Appian Way road                                        autobahn                                               piazzas                                                churches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The *#* in Rome is *governed politically by the pope and is protected by an army of Swiss guards whose uniforms were designed by Michelangelo*.                 Vatican                                                president                                              prime minister                                         royal family                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         *Many # are buried in the [*, the most famous in Rome.                                                                                                          martyred popes                                         Roman kings                                            gladiators                                             ancient scholars                                       Catacombs of St. Calixfus                              wall of St. Peter's                                    Trevi Fountain                                         Baths of Diocletian                                      The *Vatican museum complex* in Rome *contains masterpieces created on the spot, the most famous of which is the ceiling of the #*.                             Sistine Chapel                                         Roman Forum                                            Colosseum                                              presidential palace                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The *# in Rome were built by the [ to connect the French quarter above with the Spanish area below*.                                                            Spanish Steps                                          sky bridges                                            seven hills                                            French Canals                                          French                                                 Roman slaves                                           Christians                                             brick layers                                             The *# took 30 years to build and is the last important monumental Baroque work in Rome*.                                                                       Trevi Fountain                                         Vatican City                                           Roman post office                                      Colosseum                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *#, in Rome, is the largest [ ever built*.                                                                                                                      St. Peter's Basilica                                   Westminster Abbey                                      Notre Dame Cathedral                                   The Colosseum                                          Catholic church                                        public bath                                            amphitheater                                           museum                                                   *According to legend, you will return to Rome if you throw a # over your left shoulder into the Trevi Fountain*.                                                coin                                                   cat                                                    suitcase                                               tomato                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The *# in Cagliari is Sardinia's largest Roman monument*.                                                                                                       Roman amphitheater                                     Colosseum                                              Big Ben                                                Obelisk                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The *symbol of Catania is # sculpted out of lava* with an obelisk on its back.                                                                                  an elephant                                            a monkey                                               a camel                                                a volcano                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
  *Catania* has been repeatedly *destroyed and rebuilt after* violent *eruptions of* the active volcano, *#*.                                                     Mt. Etna                                               Mt. St. Helens                                         Mt. Everest                                            Mt. Vesuvius                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       	  *# is the patron saint of Florence*.                                                                                                                            St. John the Baptist                                   St. Joan of Arc                                        St. Patrick                                            St. Nicholas                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         *#*, especially sculpture, can be viewed *at the Duomo Museum in Florence*.                                                                                     Famous masterpieces                                    Rock formations                                        Wooden carvings                                        Art classes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The *#* is the *only bridge across the Arno River in Florence to survive [ in 1944*.                                                                            Ponte Vecchio                                          Golden Gate                                            Mackinac                                               Bridge of San Luis Rey                                 the Nazi destruction                                   the eruption of Mt. Etna                               the Great Fire                                         the Florence flood                                       *#* was the *home of* such creative people as *Boccaccio, Botticelli, Dante, Donatello, Leonardo, and Michelangelo*.                                            Florence                                               Milan                                                  Turin                                                  Pisa                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The *# in the Piti Palace in Florence* occupies 16 rooms and *is filled with silverware, gold, jewels, tapestries, and ivory which belonged to the [*.          Silver Museum                                          catacombs                                              attic                                                  Museum of Modern Art                                   Medicis                                                wealthy                                                ancient tribes of Italy                                spoils of war                                            *# is the greatest port in northern Italy*.                                                                                                                     Genoa                                                  Rome                                                   Pisa                                                   Padua                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                During the 16th and 17th centuries a number of *Flemish artists, including #, were invited to Genoa to paint portraits for wealthy merchant families*.          Rubens and Van Dyck                                    Van Gogh and Monet                                     Picasso and Dali                                       da Vinci and Michelangelo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             *Via Garibaldi and Via Balbi are* grand *thoroughfares in Genoa* that are *lined with #*.                                                                       sumptuous palaces and villas                           trees                                                  fast food restaurants                                  elegant dress shops                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  *Genoa is the main outlet for the # of Turin, Milan, and Genoa*.                                                                                                Industrial Triangle                                    pleasure crafts                                        electric companies                                     rivers                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The *# in Genoa is famous for* its elegant *[*.                                                                                                                 Palazzo Baldi Durazzo                                  traveling circus                                       Castle on the Rhine                                    Cathedral                                              hall of mirrors and art collection                     banquets                                               dress shops                                            wall paper and window treatments                       	   A *#, the biggest in the world, is in Messina*.                                                                                                                 mechanical and astronomical clock                      copper church steeple                                  sheer wall of marble                                   jade and gold fireplace                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The *most famous opera house in the world, #, in Milan, is where Rossini, Bellini, and Verdi were first acclaimed* and where Arturo Toscanini conducted.        La Scala                                               Moulin Rouge                                           Grand Old Opry                                         Carnegie Hall                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        *#, in Milan, is one of the most important state-owned galleries in Italy*.                                                                                     Brera Palace                                           The Tate Gallery                                       The Louvre                                             The Rouges Gallery                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The most magnificent *monument in Milan is the white marble # with 135 spires and more than 2,200 sculptures* decorating its exterior.                          cathedral                                              department store                                       art museum                                             penitentiary                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         The *Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan contains # famous painting, [*.                                                                                Leonardo da Vinci's                                    Michelangelo's                                         Dali's                                                 Picasso's                                              The Last Supper                                        Blue Boy                                               Mona Lisa                                              Sunflowers                                               The *# in Naples* became the *home of the Bourbon kings of Naples and* then was inhabited by the *kings of Italy*.                                              Royal Palace                                           Neapolitan Palace                                      Purple Palace                                          Italian Palace                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	  The *#, the patron saint of Naples, lay in the Catacombs of St. Januarius in Naples*.                                                                           remains of San Gennaro                                 household articles of San Francisco                    clothes of St. Joan                                    art collection of St. John the Baptist                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
  *#, the volcano* about 15 miles *southeast of Naples*, has *averaged one eruption every [ over the past 300 years*.                                             Mt. Vesuvius                                           Mt. St. Helens                                         Mt. Everest                                            Mt. Etna                                               35 years                                               month                                                  year                                                   3 years                                                  *# is the capital of Sicily and the seat of the regional Sicilian government*.                                                                                  Palermo                                                Rome                                                   Florence                                               Milan                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                *Recognizable from afar for its fabled #, Pisa is noted for Romanesque architecture*.                                                                           leaning tower                                          church steeples                                        floating bridges                                       cable cars                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           *Turin is the capital of the # region*.                                                                                                                         Piedmont                                               French                                                 Pyrenees                                               Alpine                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             	  The white marble *cathedral in Turin contains the # in which Jesus is said to have been wrapped*.                                                               Holy Shroud                                            swaddling cloth                                        manger                                                 blanket                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              *# in Venice was built* in 830 *to shelter the tomb of St. Mark*, whose bones had been smuggled out of Alexandria.                                              St. Mark's Basilica                                    St. Peter's Basilica                                   Winchester Cathedral                                   The Catacombs of St. Calixfus                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Lined with 200 marble palaces, the *# has been called the finest street with the finest houses in the world*.                                                   Grand Canal                                            Magnificent Mile                                       Champs-Elysees                                         Kurfurstendamm                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       *Verona*, the historic town of marble villas and piazzas, *was the scene of #* ill-fated *romance*.                                                             Romeo and Juliet's                                     Antony and Cleopatra's                                 Punch and Judy's                                       Cinderella and Prince Charming's                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   