                           THE VELOCITY VECTOR
                           -------------------

The velocity vector symbol in the HUD represents the aircraft's actual
direction of flight which may be different from the direction that the
aircraft is pointing.  For instance, during a landing approach, your
nose may be pitched up slightly above the horizon, but your direction
of flight is descending toward the runway and this symbol will be
pointing to the runway. It is quite useful in landings.


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                     INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM (INS)
                     --------------------------------

The Inertial Navigation System will help direct you toward your desired
destination. 

1.  When you are in a bombing mission and select a ground target
    in the MFD (right CRT), the INS automatically points toward
    the target in the heading scale of the HUD.  

2.  When you engage the CLS (described below), the INS automatically
    directs you toward your point of origin, the aircraft carrier or 
    an airbase.

The INS appears as a ^ in the heading scale of the HUD, to direct you
toward your point of origin, or the current ground target site.


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                          INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM
                          -------------------------

Using the Carrier/Instrument Landing System (CLS-ILS) will greatly aid
you in your return to carrier or airbase, and in landing safely.

To engage this system, toggle the MMD (left CRT) with the "F1" key to
bring up the "CLS-ILS" display.  Recall that it appears as a ^ in the
heading scale. Turn your aircraft until the ^ indicator is centered in
the heading scale.

Turn your aircraft until the ^ indicator is centered in the heading scale.
Now that you are flying toward your airbase, check your range (distance)
from the airbase in the CLS-ILS display.  When you are within 40 miles
from base, bring your altitude to approximately 5000 feet or so.

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When you are within 30 miles from the base, the Instrument Landing
System automatically engages and is displayed in the HUD as two dotted
bars: one vertical and one horizontal.  These bars indicate your
position with respect to the "glide slope" of the runway on which you
will be landing. This glide slope is determined by a "beam" which is
projected from the ideal landing point on the runway at the perfect
approach angle. Your task is to "ride down this beam".

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To line up your approach with the runway, the vertical bar must be
centered in the HUD.  If the vertical bar is left of center, then turn
your aircraft left to a heading of about 45 degrees from your current
heading (that is, if you have been heading directly for the base).
You will notice the INS pointer (which points to the runway) slide to
the right.  That's okay, because you have to come around to the proper
approach of the runway.  If the vertical bar is right of center, turn
to the right. The INS pointer will slide to the left.

When the vertical bar begins to move toward the center of the HUD, you
will soon be lined up with the runway.  Begin to turn toward the runway
using the INS pointer and adjust your turns to center the vertical bar
in the HUD.

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When you are within approximately 15 miles from the runway, you will
want to prepare to intercept the glide slope beam.  Bring your throttle
to 60%. The horizontal bar should be above the HUD center at this
altitude and this distance from the runway.

When the horizontal bar begins to move toward the center of the HUD,
you will soon be intercepting the beam.  At an altitude of 4000 feet,
you should intercept the beam at about 5 miles from the runway.
Reduce your throttle to 50% which should bring your speed down to
about 220 knots.

         (Remember to keep the vertical bar centered). 

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Bring your landing gear down. If you are landing on a carrier, extend
the arrestor hook.  When the horizontal bar reaches the center of the HUD
(with the vertical bar centered), you are "on the beam".  Reduce your
throttle to about 40% and pitch up slightly until the nose is just above
the horizon. Be careful not to nose up too much which could cause a stall.
You will notice the velocity vector symbol move downward showing your
current flight path toward the runway.

You can always turn off the CLS-ILS if you prefer to continue the landing
approach by purely visual means.  Otherwise maintain the centering of the
vertical and horizontal bars while paying attention to the approaching
runway surface.  After some practice, you'll be able to land while either
watching the ILS directly or watching the runway surface directly, while
subconsciously noting the ILS indicators that guide your approach.

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If you are landing on the carrier deck, and miss the arrestor cables, hit
100% thrust IMMEDIATELY to bolter and go around for another try. 

IMPORTANT NOTE:
    If your approach happens to be coming in to the other end of the
    runway, the ILS will not help you, since it is tracking the beam
    projected out the opposite end of the runway.


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                      HUD Display Settings
                      --------------------

You can set the brightness level of the HUD by pressing H. This toggles
the brightness level, from brilliant to dim, and then toggles to the off
position. The program automatically adjusts it to a proper setting, but
it is under your control.



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