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Date: Wed, 15 Jan 1997 19:04:30 +0800
To: art-bell-fans@primenet.com
From: Wes Thomas <west@sonic.net>
Subject: Astronomer states "mystery astronomer" image is fraud
Cc: artbell@aol.com, neff@anc.net
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------- Start of forwarded message -------

Date: Wed, 15 Jan 97 16:42:31 HST
From: Oliver Hainaut <hainaut@lupus.IFA.Hawaii.Edu>
To: James Neff <neff@anc.net>, Ron- <rvinrv@ix.netcom.com>, wstrieber@aol.com,
        "Russell Sipe" <rsipe@deltanet.com>, Wes Thomas <west@sonic.net>,
        in_search_of@primenet.com
Cc: Dave Tholen <tholen@galileo.IFA.Hawaii.Edu>
Subject: [tholen@galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu (Dave Tholen)] draft #2
Reply-To: hainaut@hale.IfA.Hawaii.Edu


This is a statement by Dave Tholen about the "Mystery Image" published
on A.Bell and W. Strieber's WWW sites.  This image has been positively
identified as based on one of Dr.Tholen's images which has been on our
web site for more than one year.

Dr. Olivier R. Hainaut
Institute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii

------- Start of forwarded message -------




Images of comet Hale-Bopp showing an allegedly mysterious companion
object have appeared on web sites with the URLs
   http://www.strieber.com/ufonews/bopp5.html
and
   http://www.artbell.com/art/halebopp.html

These images are fraudulent.  The mysterious companion object is not
real, having been added to the image most likely using digital image
processing techniques.  The original image appears at a web site with
the URL
   http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/images/hale-bopp
I took this image on 1995 September 1 using the University of Hawaii
2.24-m telescope shortly before 6 hours UTC (or about 8 p.m. on August
31 Hawaiian Standard Time). [A direct comparison between the central
region of both the original and the doctored image is found at
   http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/images/hale-bopp/tholen.jpg

There is no doubt that THIS 1995 September 1 image was used for the
fraudulent images:]

- A careful comparison of the central region of the original image shows
  the comet in the same position with respect to the background stars,
  which means the real and doctored images must have been taken at
  essentially the same time.  As such, the images could not have been
  taken from eastern Asia or Australia, where the Sun was still up,
  nor from western North or South America, where the comet was very
  low in the sky.

- The images of stars on both show the same amount of sharpness, so an
  observatory site capable of providing approximately arcsecond seeing
  must have been involved.

- The faintest stars visible on both images are essentially the same,
  meaning that the combination of telescope aperture and exposure length
  must be the same.  Given that the stars are not trailed, the exposures
  must have been short, meaning that a large telescope must have been
  used.

- The relative brightnesses of the stars shown are also the same, meaning
  that the same filters must have been used and combined into a single
  image in the same way.

- Lastly, the pixel size is the same, 

all of which indicates that these are in fact the same image.  Hawaii
is the only place with large telescopes that could have taken the
image at the time indicated by the comet's placement among the stars,
and with the degree of sharpness provided by the atmosphere above the
observatory site.  The 2.24-m telescope was the only one on the
mountain equipped with a camera that provided the correct pixel size,
and the only one that used the particular combination of red, green,
and blue filters to produce the original color composite.  There is
doubt about the origin of this image.

The myserious companion object does not appear on the original, which
means it was added to the copy by some unknown individual in an attempt
to deceive the public.

The original images are not secret, as claimed on the first two web
sites mentioned above, having been available on the Institute for
Astronomy's web site since September of 1995, and it has also appeared
on Sky Publishing's web site with permission.  The allegedly
mysterious astrophysicist who took the image was never at the point of
making a public announcement to claim discovery of the object; there
is no object for which discovery can be claimed.  The identity of the
faked image with the one I took was called to my attention only today,
and this statement was prepared as a rebuttal.


Dr. David J. Tholen
Institute for Astronomy
University of Hawaii
1996 January 15

------- End of forwarded message -------


